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Wang W, Du J, Li S, Xie G, Xu J, Ren Y. Demographic, clinical and biochemical correlates of the length of stay for different polarities in Chinese inpatients with bipolar disorder: A real-world study. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1135403. [PMID: 36936616 PMCID: PMC10014706 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1135403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Many patients with bipolar disorder (BD) need hospitalization, while the number of hospital beds for these patients is limited. Managing the length of stay (LOS) is an effective solution to this issue. Research on LOS and its influencing factors in BD is limited in China. This study aimed to identify the factors relevant to LOS in different polarities in Chinese patients with BD. Method: This was a real-world, cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from the electronic medical record system. Patients admitted to Beijing Anding Hospital between Jan 2014 and Dec 2017 and diagnosed with BD were included. Demographic information, clinical characteristics, and biochemical variables were collected. Patients were classified into short and long LOS groups based on a cutoff value. A univariate study and a multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify variables related to LOS in various BD polarities. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was utilized to evaluate the discrimination accuracy of the regression model. Result: Four thousand six hundred and seventy-five visits from 4,451 individuals were included in the analysis. For the whole sample, unmarried status, psychotic features, and family history of mental disorders were positively associated with long LOS (all p < 0.05). There was an additive interaction between a family history of mental disorders and polarities (p < 0.05). For manic episodes, unmarried status, psychotic features, and family history of mental disorders were positively associated with long LOS (all p < 0.05). For depressive episodes, psychotic features and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) levels were positively associated with long LOS (all p < 0.05). For mixed states, unmarried status was positively associated with long LOS, while low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) levels were negatively associated with LOS (all p < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) values for depressive episodes, manic episodes, and mixed states in the combined model were 0.587, 0.553, and 0.619, respectively (all p < 0.05). Discussion: The findings suggested that LOS correlates differed by polarity, with marital status, psychotic features, a family history of mental disorders, and lipid levels strongly linked with LOS in patients with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gaoming Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjie Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jinjie Xu Yanping Ren
| | - Yanping Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jinjie Xu Yanping Ren
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Hobbs M, Patel R, Morrison PD, Kalk N, Stone JM. Synthetic cannabinoid use in psychiatric patients and relationship to hospitalisation: A retrospective electronic case register study. J Psychopharmacol 2020; 34:648-653. [PMID: 32108548 PMCID: PMC7249610 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120907973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Cannabis use has been associated with psychosis and with poor outcome in patients with mental illness. Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) have been suggested to pose an even greater risk to mental health, but the effect on clinical outcome has not been directly measured. In this study, we aimed to investigate the demographics and hospitalisation of psychiatric patients who were SC users. METHODS We searched the Biomedical Research Centre Clinical Record Interactive Search register for SC users and age- and sex-matched SC non-users who had been psychiatric patients under the South London and Maudsley NHS Trust. We recorded diagnosis, homelessness, cannabis use and the total number of days admitted as an inpatient to secondary and tertiary mental-health services. RESULTS We identified 635 SC users and 635 age- and sex-matched SC non-users. SC users were significantly more likely to be homeless (χ2=138.0; p<0.0001) and to use cannabis (χ2=257.3; p<0.0001) than SC non-users. SC users had significantly more inpatient days after their first recorded use of SCs than controls (M (SD)=85.5 (199.7) vs. 25.4 (92.32); p<0.0001). Post hoc tests revealed that SC non-users who used cannabis had fewer inpatient days than SC users (p<0.0001), and that non-users of both SC and cannabis had fewer inpatient days than SC non-using cannabis users (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS SC use may lead to an increase in the number of days spent in hospital in patients with psychiatric illness. This highlights the need for clinicians to ask specifically about SC use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Hobbs
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and
Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Rashmi Patel
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and
Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation
Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Beckenham, UK
| | - Paul D Morrison
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and
Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation
Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Beckenham, UK
| | - Nicola Kalk
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and
Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation
Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Beckenham, UK
| | - James M Stone
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and
Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation
Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Beckenham, UK,James M Stone, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences,
Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF,
UK.
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Deng H, Desai PV, Mohite S, Okusaga OO, Zhang XY, Nielsen DA, Kosten TR. Hospital Stay in Synthetic Cannabinoid Users With Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia, or Other Psychotic Disorders Compared With Cannabis Users. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2020. [PMID: 31014468 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2019.80.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The use of synthetic cannabinoid (SC) products has become popular in recent years, but data regarding their impact on hospital stays are limited. The impact of SC and cannabis use on hospital length of stay and doses of antipsychotics at discharge was assessed in this study. METHOD The sample consisted of inpatients with discharge diagnoses of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or other psychotic disorders. Medical records of patients with self-reported SC use and negative urine drug screens (SC group, n = 77), with cannabis use confirmed by urine drug screen (cannabis group, n = 248), and with no drug use confirmed by urine drug screen (no-drug group, n = 1,336) were examined retrospectively. RESULTS Length of stay (mean [SD] days) significantly differed (p < .001) among the SC (8.29 [4.29]), cannabis (8.02 [5.21]), and no-drug groups (10.19 [9.08]). Antipsychotic doses (chlorpromazine milligram equivalent doses) also significantly differed (p = .002) among the SC (254.64 [253.63]), cannabis (219.16 [216.71]), and no-drug groups (294.79 [287.85]). Unadjusted and adjusted pairwise comparisons showed that the cannabis group had a shorter length of stay (p < .001) and received lower doses of antipsychotics (p = .003) than the no-drug group. SC users did not differ significantly from the other two groups in either length of stay or doses of antipsychotics. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that acute SC exposure is not predictive of a more prolonged time for response to antipsychotic medications or of a need for larger doses of these medications compared with cannabis users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiong Deng
- Harris County Psychiatric Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Pratikkumar V Desai
- Harris County Psychiatric Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Satyajit Mohite
- Harris County Psychiatric Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Olaoluwa O Okusaga
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiang Yang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - David A Nielsen
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Thomas R Kosten
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
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