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Cai CY, Tao Y, Zhou Y, Yang D, Qin C, Bian XL, Xian JY, Cao B, Chang L, Wu HY, Luo CX, Zhu DY. Nos1 + and Nos1 - excitatory neurons in the BLA regulate anxiety- and depression-related behaviors oppositely. J Affect Disord 2023; 333:181-192. [PMID: 37080493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The basolateral amygdala (BLA) neurons are primarily glutamatergic and have been associated with emotion regulation. However, little is known about the roles of BLA neurons expressing neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS, Nos1) in the regulation of emotional behaviors. METHODS Using Nos1-cre mice and chemogenetic and optogenetic manipulations, we specifically silenced or activated Nos1+ or Nos1- neurons in the BLA, or silenced their projections to the anterdorsal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (adBNST) and ventral hippocampus (vHPC). We measured anxiety behaviors in elevated plus maze (EPM) and open-field test (OFT), and measured depression behaviors in forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). RESULTS BLA Nos1+ neurons were predominantly glutamatergic, and glutamatergic but not GABAergic Nos1+ neurons were involved in controlling anxiety- and depression-related behaviors. Interestingly, by selectively manipulating the activities of BLA Nos1+ and Nos1- excitatory neurons, we found that they had opposing effects on anxiety- and depression-related behaviors. BLA Nos1+ excitatory neurons projected to the adBNST, this BLA-adBNST circuit controlled the expression of anxiety- and depression-related behaviors, while BLA Nos1- excitatory neurons projected to vHPC, this BLA-vHPC circuit contributed to the expression of anxiety- and depression-related behaviors. Moreover, excitatory vHPC-adBNST circuit antagonized the role of BLA-adBNST circuit in regulating anxiety- and depression-related behaviors. CONCLUSIONS BLA Nos1+ and Nos1- excitatory neuron subpopulations exert different effects on anxiety- and depression-related behaviors through distinct projection circuits, providing a new insight of BLA excitatory neurons in emotional regulation. LIMITATIONS We did not perform retrograde labeling from adBNST and vHPC regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yun Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yan Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Cheng Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xin-Lan Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jia-Yun Xian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hai-Yin Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chun-Xia Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Dong-Ya Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, China.
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Huang SS, Chen YT, Su MH, Tsai SJ, Chen HH, Yang AC, Liu YL, Kuo PH. Investigating genetic variants for treatment response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in syndromal factors and side effects among patients with depression in Taiwanese Han population. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2023; 23:50-59. [PMID: 36658263 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-023-00298-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with high heterogeneity in clinical presentation. In addition, response to treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) varies considerably among patients. Therefore, identifying genetic variants that may contribute to SSRI treatment responses in MDD is essential. In this study, we analyzed the syndromal factor structures of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale in 479 patients with MDD by using exploratory factor analysis. All patients were followed up biweekly for 8 weeks. Treatment response was defined for all syndromal factors and total scores. In addition, a genome-wide association study was performed to investigate the treatment outcomes at week 4 and repeatedly assess all visits during follow-up by using mixed models adjusted for age, gender, and population substructure. Moreover, the role of genetic variants in suicidal and sexual side effects was explored, and five syndromal factors for depression were derived: core, insomnia, somatic anxiety, psychomotor-insight, and anorexia. Subsequently, several known genes were mapped to suggestive signals for treatment outcomes, including single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PRF1, UTP20, MGAM, and ENSG00000286536 for psychomotor-insight and in C4orf51 for anorexia. In total, 33 independent SNPs for treatment responses were tested in a mixed model, 12 of which demonstrated a p value <0.05. The most significant SNP was rs2182717 in the ENSR00000803469 gene located on chromosome 6 for the core syndromal factor (β = -0.638, p = 1.8 × 10-4) in terms of symptom improvement over time. Patients with a GG or GA genotype with the rs2182717 SNP also exhibited a treatment response (β = 0.089, p = 2.0 × 10-6) at week 4. Moreover, rs1836075352 was associated with sexual side effects (p = 3.2 × 10-8). Pathway and network analyses using the identified SNPs revealed potential biological functions involved in treatment response, such as neurodevelopment-related functions and immune processes. In conclusion, we identified loci that may affect the clinical response to treatment with antidepressants in the context of empirically defined depressive syndromal factors and side effects among the Taiwanese Han population, thus providing novel biological targets for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiau-Shian Huang
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Bali Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsin Su
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Han Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yang Ji Mental Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Albert C Yang
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiu Kuo
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Psychiatric Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Sex differences in the association between symptom profiles and cognitive functioning in patients with depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2021; 287:1-7. [PMID: 33761324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depressive disorder (DD) is a heterogeneous disease with sex differences in symptom profiles and cognitive performance. However, sex differences in cognitive dysfunction associated with different symptom profiles have received little systematic study. This study aimed to explore the association between clinical symptoms and cognitive deficits in patients with DD. METHODS A cohort of 222 hospitalized patients with DD (males/females = 114/108) and 173 healthy controls (males/females = 80/93) were enrolled. Cognitive function was measured using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Depression was assessed using the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17). According to different genders, the relationship between symptom profiles and cognitive deficits was identified using partial correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS Patients with DD performed significantly worse than healthy controls in all cognitive domains investigated (all p < 0.05). Remarkably, female patients scored better than male patients on information processing speed (p < 0.05). Multivariate regression analyses showed that the retardation factor score was independently associated with attention and cognitive flexibility, and the sleep disturbance factor score was independently associated with information processing speed in male patients. Furthermore, the anxiety/somatization factor score was independently associated with working memory in female patients. CONCLUSION In the present study, we showed that significant sex differences in the association between symptom profiles and cognitive impairment are present in DD patients. Understanding how DD patients' clinical features and cognitive performance are linked from a sex perspective may have clinical implications for predicting and interfering with the outcome of depression.
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