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Pavarin RM, Fabbri C, Turino E, Marani S, Sanchini S, De Ronchi D. Epidemiology and Clinical-Demographic Characteristics of Suicide Attempts in Alcohol Use Disorders in an Italian Population. J Psychoactive Drugs 2023; 55:456-463. [PMID: 35912679 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2022.2107464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is a leading cause of morbidity worldwide. Among the known risk factors, alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are particularly relevant, but data on the epidemiology and characteristics of suicide attempts (SA) in this group are lacking. We used electronic health records of national health services to identify individuals who received a diagnosis of AUD in the Metropolitan area of Bologna from 2009 to 2019. In this cohort we identified accesses to Emergency Departments for SA from 2009 to 2020. The Crude Suicide Rate (CSR) for 1,000 Person Years was 2.93, higher than the general population. The CSR was higher in females, within one year from receiving the diagnosis of AUD, in patients with psychiatric comorbidities, concomitant abuse of cannabis or benzodiazepines. As for Covid-19 pandemic, the risk ratio of SA was significantly higher in 2020 compared to 2019 in females. Our results are relevant to identify clinical risk factors for SA in patients with AUDs, which are strongly associated with suicide risk but with scarce data in the previous literature and paucity of evidence-based therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimondo Maria Pavarin
- Epidemiological Monitoring Center on Addiction, Azienda USL Bologna, Mental Health DSM-DP, Bologna, Italy
- Italian Society on Addiction (SITD), Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna Italy
| | - Chiara Fabbri
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna Italy
| | - Elsa Turino
- Epidemiological Monitoring Center on Addiction, Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, Local Health Unit of Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Marani
- Epidemiological Monitoring Center on Addiction, Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, Local Health Unit of Bologna, Italy
| | - Samantha Sanchini
- Epidemiological Monitoring Center on Addiction, Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, Local Health Unit of Romagna, Italy
| | - Diana De Ronchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna Italy
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Khanjani MS, Younesi SJ, Abdi K, Mardani-Hamooleh M, Sohrabnejad S. Prevalence of and Factors Influencing Suicide Ideation, Attempt, and Completion in Heroin Users: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2023; 15:119-127. [PMID: 37560393 PMCID: PMC10408759 DOI: 10.34172/ahj.2023.1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is considered a fundamental problem in discussions on public and global health. Thus, the current study aimed to review the prevalence of and reasons for successful suicide attempts in heroin users. METHODS This study was conducted by systematically searching the electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO from 1960/1/1 to 2021/11/1 based on the PRISMA checklist and using MeSH keywords with no temporal or linguistic limitations. The primary and secondary impacts of suicide were identified, and all studies following an observational design (cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies) were included in the research. Data analysis was performed using Stata version 13. Finally, 17 studies were included in the work process for systematic review and meta-analysis. FINDINGS The results showed the most frequent reasons for suicide among the studied individuals were gender (being female), youngness, heroin overdose, multi-drug abuse, history of repeated suicide attempts, history of psychiatric disorder (especially depression), joblessness, homelessness, distorted family relationships, etc. Moreover, the results of synthesizing the studies revealed the prevalence of suicide attempts equaled the effect size (95% CI=0.3 [0.23-0.37]) among these individuals, and the prevalence of successful suicides approached the effect size (95% CI=0.03 [0.01-0.05]). CONCLUSION The results of the present study showed the high prevalence of suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts among the heroin-abusing population. Furthermore, according to the findings, the prevalence of unsuccessful suicide attempts was ten times more than that of successful ones in the target population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saeed Khanjani
- Department of Counseling, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Jalal Younesi
- Department of Counseling, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kianoush Abdi
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Mardani-Hamooleh
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Nursing Care Research Center Health Management, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Sohrabnejad
- Department of Counseling, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Doroshenko SV, Sanaeva OV. An Assessment of the Debt Burden Effect on the Suicide Rate in Russian Regions. REGIONAL RESEARCH OF RUSSIA 2022. [PMCID: PMC9765375 DOI: 10.1134/s2079970522700010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Population size is one of the most important parameters of national social and economic systems. It is controlled by multiple factors (components) that form ambiguous and complex feedback loops. The most important issue in this case is the study of the behavioral reactions of the population that form certain parameters of the population dynamics. In this article, the authors consider only one behavioral reaction that seems important to them, that is, suicidal tendencies, which ultimately leads to the formation of a suicide dynamics that entails serious socioeconomic and demographic losses. Emphasis is placed on assessing the impact of financial parameters, namely the size of the debt burden on households, on the suicide rate in general in the Russian regions. An econometric assessment of the impact of the volume of individual debt on the suicide rate among other socioeconomic factors (unemployment rate, logarithm of GRP per capita, divorce rate, number of persons with mental disorders, average actual duration of the work week, number of persons with alcoholism) was carried out for the regions as a whole, as well as among rural and urban populations. We used panel data for 80 federal subjects of Russia for 2005–2018. The system generalized method of moments was applied. The calculations were carried out using the Stata 14 stistical package. As a result of the study, a negative effect of the individual debt volume on the suicide rate in the regions of Russia was revealed, which contradicts the results of similar studies conducted for developed economies. At the same time, certain results obtained earlier in Russian and foreign studies were confirmed, including a U-shaped relationship between work hours and the suicide rate and a direct relationship between an increase in the suicide rate and an increase in divorce rates, the number of persons with mental disorders, as well as unemployment and consumption of alcohol products. The latter manifestation is characteristic, first of all, of the population of rural areas both in Russia and abroad.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. V. Doroshenko
- Institute of Economics, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia ,Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - O. V. Sanaeva
- Institute of Economics, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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Icick R, Karsinti E, Brousse G, Chrétienneau C, Trabut JB, Belforte B, Coeuru P, Moisan D, Deschenau A, Cottencin O, Gay A, Lack P, Pelissier-Alicot AL, Dupuy G, Fortias M, Etain B, Lépine JP, Laplanche JL, Bellivier F, Vorspan F, Bloch V. Childhood trauma and the severity of past suicide attempts in outpatients with cocaine use disorders. Subst Abus 2021; 43:623-632. [PMID: 34597243 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2021.1975875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicide attempts have been associated with both cocaine use disorder (CocUD) and childhood trauma. We investigated how childhood trauma is an independent risk factor for serious and recurrent suicide attempts in CocUD. Method: 298 outpatients (23% women) with CocUD underwent standardized assessments of substance dependence (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-mental disorders, fourth edition, text revised), impulsiveness, resilience, and childhood trauma, using validated tools. Suicide attempts history was categorized as single vs. recurrent or non-serious vs. serious depending on the lifetime number of suicide attempts and the potential or actual lethality of the worst attempt reported, respectively. Bivariate and multinomial regression analyses were used to characterize which childhood trauma patterns were associated with the suicide attempts groups. Results: 58% of CocUD patients reported childhood trauma. Recurrent and serious suicide attempts clustered together and were thus combined into "severe SA." Severe suicide attempt risk increased proportionally to the number of childhood traumas (test for trend, p = 9 × 10-7). Non-severe suicide attempt risk increased with impulsiveness and decreased with resilience. In multinomial regression models, a higher number of traumas and emotional abuse were independently and only associated with severe vs. non-severe suicide attempts (effect size = 0.82, AUC = 0.7). The study was limited by its cross-sectional design. Conclusion: These preferential associations between childhood trauma and severe suicide attempts warrant specific monitoring of suicide attempts risk in CocUD, regardless of the severity of addiction profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Icick
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal, Paris, France.,INSERM U1144, "Therapeutic Optimization in Neuropsychopharmacology", Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-S1144, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Emily Karsinti
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal, Paris, France.,INSERM U1144, "Therapeutic Optimization in Neuropsychopharmacology", Paris, France.,ED139, Laboratoire CLIPSYD, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Georges Brousse
- INSERM UMR-1107, Neuro-Dol, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Clara Chrétienneau
- INSERM U1144, "Therapeutic Optimization in Neuropsychopharmacology", Paris, France
| | | | - Beatriz Belforte
- APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, CSAPA Monte-Cristo, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Olivier Cottencin
- Université de Lille, CHU Lille - Psychiaty and Addiction Medicine Department, INSERM U1172 - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition Centre (LiNC), Plasticity & SubjectivitY team, Lille, France
| | - Aurélia Gay
- Service d'Addictologie, CHU St Etienne, Saint Etienne, France
| | | | | | - Gaël Dupuy
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal, Paris, France
| | - Maeva Fortias
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Etain
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal, Paris, France.,INSERM U1144, "Therapeutic Optimization in Neuropsychopharmacology", Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-S1144, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Lépine
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal, Paris, France.,INSERM U1144, "Therapeutic Optimization in Neuropsychopharmacology", Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-S1144, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Laplanche
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal, Paris, France.,INSERM U1144, "Therapeutic Optimization in Neuropsychopharmacology", Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-S1144, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Frank Bellivier
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal, Paris, France.,INSERM U1144, "Therapeutic Optimization in Neuropsychopharmacology", Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-S1144, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Florence Vorspan
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal, Paris, France.,INSERM U1144, "Therapeutic Optimization in Neuropsychopharmacology", Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-S1144, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Vanessa Bloch
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal, Paris, France.,INSERM U1144, "Therapeutic Optimization in Neuropsychopharmacology", Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-S1144, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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