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Han H, Yi B, Zhong R, Wang M, Zhang S, Ma J, Yin Y, Yin J, Chen L, Zhang H. From gut microbiota to host appetite: gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key regulators. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:162. [PMID: 34284827 PMCID: PMC8293578 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01093-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Feelings of hunger and satiety are the key determinants for maintaining the life of humans and animals. Disturbed appetite control may disrupt the metabolic health of the host and cause various metabolic disorders. A variety of factors have been implicated in appetite control, including gut microbiota, which develop the intricate interactions to manipulate the metabolic requirements and hedonic feelings. Gut microbial metabolites and components act as appetite-related signaling molecules to regulate appetite-related hormone secretion and the immune system, or act directly on hypothalamic neurons. Herein, we summarize the effects of gut microbiota on host appetite and consider the potential molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, we propose that the manipulation of gut microbiota represents a clinical therapeutic potential for lessening the development and consequence of appetite-related disorders. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage de Déportés 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Bao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shunfen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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Kinderlehrer DA. Anorexia Nervosa Caused by Polymicrobial Tick-Borne Infections: A Case Study. Int Med Case Rep J 2021; 14:279-287. [PMID: 34007219 PMCID: PMC8121620 DOI: 10.2147/imcrj.s311516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of anorexia nervosa (AN) is multifactorial, and infections may play a contributory and possibly a prominent role. A case is presented which is indicative of a causal association between tick-borne infections and AN. This adolescent female was diagnosed with AN at an eating disorder clinic after excessive food restriction and an irrational fear of weight gain necessitating nasogastric tube feeding. Her history was consistent with systemic infections and she tested serologically positive to Borrelia burgdorferi, Babesia microti, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae; in addition, her clinical presentation was consistent with a Bartonella infection. After treatment with oral and intravenous antimicrobials, she stopped food restriction and no longer had body image concerns. Physicians should be aware of the possibility that tick-borne infections could underly a diagnosis of AN. The role of tick-borne infections in the etiology of AN warrants further study.
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Smitka K, Prochazkova P, Roubalova R, Dvorak J, Papezova H, Hill M, Pokorny J, Kittnar O, Bilej M, Tlaskalova-Hogenova H. Current Aspects of the Role of Autoantibodies Directed Against Appetite-Regulating Hormones and the Gut Microbiome in Eating Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:613983. [PMID: 33953692 PMCID: PMC8092392 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.613983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The equilibrium and reciprocal actions among appetite-stimulating (orexigenic) and appetite-suppressing (anorexigenic) signals synthesized in the gut, brain, microbiome and adipose tissue (AT), seems to play a pivotal role in the regulation of food intake and feeding behavior, anxiety, and depression. A dysregulation of mechanisms controlling the energy balance may result in eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). AN is a psychiatric disease defined by chronic self-induced extreme dietary restriction leading to an extremely low body weight and adiposity. BN is defined as out-of-control binge eating, which is compensated by self-induced vomiting, fasting, or excessive exercise. Certain gut microbiota-related compounds, like bacterial chaperone protein Escherichia coli caseinolytic protease B (ClpB) and food-derived antigens were recently described to trigger the production of autoantibodies cross-reacting with appetite-regulating hormones and neurotransmitters. Gut microbiome may be a potential manipulator for AT and energy homeostasis. Thus, the regulation of appetite, emotion, mood, and nutritional status is also under the control of neuroimmunoendocrine mechanisms by secretion of autoantibodies directed against neuropeptides, neuroactive metabolites, and peptides. In AN and BN, altered cholinergic, dopaminergic, adrenergic, and serotonergic relays may lead to abnormal AT, gut, and brain hormone secretion. The present review summarizes updated knowledge regarding the gut dysbiosis, gut-barrier permeability, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), fecal microbial transplantation (FMT), blood-brain barrier permeability, and autoantibodies within the ghrelin and melanocortin systems in eating disorders. We expect that the new knowledge may be used for the development of a novel preventive and therapeutic approach for treatment of AN and BN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kvido Smitka
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathological Physiology, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Kvido Smitka,
| | - Petra Prochazkova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Radka Roubalova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiri Dvorak
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hana Papezova
- Psychiatric Clinic, Eating Disorder Center, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Hill
- Steroid Hormone and Proteofactors Department, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jaroslav Pokorny
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Otomar Kittnar
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Bilej
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Helena Tlaskalova-Hogenova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Galmiche M, Lucas N, Déchelotte P, Deroissart C, Le Solliec MA, Rondeaux J, Azhar S, Grigioni S, Colange G, Delay J, Achamrah N, Folope V, Belmonte L, Lamarre A, Rimbert A, Saillard T, Petit A, Quillard M, Coeffier M, Gillibert A, Lambert G, Legrand R, Tavolacci MP. Plasma Peptide Concentrations and Peptide-Reactive Immunoglobulins in Patients with Eating Disorders at Inclusion in the French EDILS Cohort (Eating Disorders Inventory and Longitudinal Survey). Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020522. [PMID: 32085628 PMCID: PMC7071399 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) are increasingly frequent. Their pathophysiology involves disturbance of peptide signaling and the microbiota–gut–brain axis. This study analyzed peptides and corresponding immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations in groups of ED. In 120 patients with restrictive (R), bulimic (B), and compulsive (C) ED, the plasma concentrations of leptin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and insulin were analyzed by Milliplex and those of acyl ghrelin (AG), des-acyl ghrelin (DAG), and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) by ELISA kits. Immunoglobulin G (in response to an antigen) concentrations were analyzed by ELISA, and their affinity for the respective peptide was measured by surface plasmon resonance. The concentrations of leptin, insulin, GLP-1, and PYY were higher in C patients than in R patients. On the contrary, α-MSH, DAG, and AG concentrations were higher in R than in C patients. After adjustment for body mass index (BMI), differences among peptide concentrations were no longer different. No difference in the concentrations of the IgG was found, but the IgG concentrations were correlated with each other. Although differences of peptide concentrations exist among ED subtypes, they may be due to differences in BMI. Changes in the concentration and/or affinity of several anti-peptide IgG may contribute to the physiopathology of ED or may be related to fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Galmiche
- Inserm UMR1073, 76000 Rouen, France; (M.G.); (S.G.); (N.A.); (V.F.); (L.B.); (A.R.); (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.-P.T.)
- TargEDys SA, 91160 Longjumeau, France; (N.L.); (C.D.); (M.-A.L.S.); (J.R.); (S.A.); (G.L.); (R.L.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Nicolas Lucas
- TargEDys SA, 91160 Longjumeau, France; (N.L.); (C.D.); (M.-A.L.S.); (J.R.); (S.A.); (G.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- Inserm UMR1073, 76000 Rouen, France; (M.G.); (S.G.); (N.A.); (V.F.); (L.B.); (A.R.); (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.-P.T.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France
- Nutrition unit, University Hospital of Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France; (G.C.); (J.D.); (A.L.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +06-08-49-66-26
| | - Camille Deroissart
- TargEDys SA, 91160 Longjumeau, France; (N.L.); (C.D.); (M.-A.L.S.); (J.R.); (S.A.); (G.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Marie-Anne Le Solliec
- TargEDys SA, 91160 Longjumeau, France; (N.L.); (C.D.); (M.-A.L.S.); (J.R.); (S.A.); (G.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Julie Rondeaux
- TargEDys SA, 91160 Longjumeau, France; (N.L.); (C.D.); (M.-A.L.S.); (J.R.); (S.A.); (G.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Saida Azhar
- TargEDys SA, 91160 Longjumeau, France; (N.L.); (C.D.); (M.-A.L.S.); (J.R.); (S.A.); (G.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Sébastien Grigioni
- Inserm UMR1073, 76000 Rouen, France; (M.G.); (S.G.); (N.A.); (V.F.); (L.B.); (A.R.); (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.-P.T.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France
- Nutrition unit, University Hospital of Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France; (G.C.); (J.D.); (A.L.); (T.S.)
| | - Guillaume Colange
- Nutrition unit, University Hospital of Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France; (G.C.); (J.D.); (A.L.); (T.S.)
| | - Julie Delay
- Nutrition unit, University Hospital of Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France; (G.C.); (J.D.); (A.L.); (T.S.)
| | - Najate Achamrah
- Inserm UMR1073, 76000 Rouen, France; (M.G.); (S.G.); (N.A.); (V.F.); (L.B.); (A.R.); (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.-P.T.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France
- Nutrition unit, University Hospital of Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France; (G.C.); (J.D.); (A.L.); (T.S.)
| | - Vanessa Folope
- Inserm UMR1073, 76000 Rouen, France; (M.G.); (S.G.); (N.A.); (V.F.); (L.B.); (A.R.); (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.-P.T.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France
- Nutrition unit, University Hospital of Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France; (G.C.); (J.D.); (A.L.); (T.S.)
| | - Liliana Belmonte
- Inserm UMR1073, 76000 Rouen, France; (M.G.); (S.G.); (N.A.); (V.F.); (L.B.); (A.R.); (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.-P.T.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France
- Nutrition unit, University Hospital of Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France; (G.C.); (J.D.); (A.L.); (T.S.)
| | - Adèle Lamarre
- Nutrition unit, University Hospital of Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France; (G.C.); (J.D.); (A.L.); (T.S.)
| | - Agnès Rimbert
- Inserm UMR1073, 76000 Rouen, France; (M.G.); (S.G.); (N.A.); (V.F.); (L.B.); (A.R.); (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.-P.T.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France
- Nutrition unit, University Hospital of Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France; (G.C.); (J.D.); (A.L.); (T.S.)
| | - Tiphaine Saillard
- Nutrition unit, University Hospital of Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France; (G.C.); (J.D.); (A.L.); (T.S.)
| | - André Petit
- Inserm UMR1073, 76000 Rouen, France; (M.G.); (S.G.); (N.A.); (V.F.); (L.B.); (A.R.); (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.-P.T.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France
- Nutrition unit, University Hospital of Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France; (G.C.); (J.D.); (A.L.); (T.S.)
| | - Muriel Quillard
- CIC-CRB 1404 INSERM, University Hospital of Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France;
| | - Moise Coeffier
- Inserm UMR1073, 76000 Rouen, France; (M.G.); (S.G.); (N.A.); (V.F.); (L.B.); (A.R.); (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.-P.T.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France
- Nutrition unit, University Hospital of Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France; (G.C.); (J.D.); (A.L.); (T.S.)
| | - André Gillibert
- Department of Biostatistics, Rouen University Hospital, F 76000 Rouen, France;
| | - Grégory Lambert
- TargEDys SA, 91160 Longjumeau, France; (N.L.); (C.D.); (M.-A.L.S.); (J.R.); (S.A.); (G.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Romain Legrand
- TargEDys SA, 91160 Longjumeau, France; (N.L.); (C.D.); (M.-A.L.S.); (J.R.); (S.A.); (G.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Marie-Pierre Tavolacci
- Inserm UMR1073, 76000 Rouen, France; (M.G.); (S.G.); (N.A.); (V.F.); (L.B.); (A.R.); (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.-P.T.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France
- CIC-CRB 1404 INSERM, University Hospital of Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France;
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5
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On the origin of eating disorders: altered signaling between gut microbiota, adaptive immunity and the brain melanocortin system regulating feeding behavior. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 48:82-91. [PMID: 31430598 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Research in the field of gut microbiota - brain axis may contribute to clarifying the origin of anorexia nervosa and bulimia, the two principal forms of eating disorders (ED). The initial key findings in ED patients of plasma immunoglobulins (Ig) that react with α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), a neuropeptide in the brain signaling satiety, have initiated further studies leading to the discovery of the origin of such autoantibodies and to the understanding their possible functional role. An anorexigenic bacterial protein Escherichia coli caseinolytic protease B was recently found to be responsible for the production of α-MSH-cross-reactive autoantibodies and this protein was also detected in human plasma. Another recent study revealed enhanced activation of appetite-regulating the melanocortin type 4 receptor by immune complexes withα-MSH. Taken together, these data serve to build a pathophysiological model of ED presented in this article.
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Temko JE, Bouhlal S, Farokhnia M, Lee MR, Cryan JF, Leggio L. The Microbiota, the Gut and the Brain in Eating and Alcohol Use Disorders: A 'Ménage à Trois'? Alcohol Alcohol 2018; 52:403-413. [PMID: 28482009 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agx024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Accumulating evidence for the influence of the gut microbiota on the bidirectional communication along the gut-brain axis suggests a role of the gut microbiota in eating disorders (EDs) and alcohol and substance use disorders. The potential influence of altered gut microbiota (dysbiosis) on behaviors associated with such disorders may have implications for developing therapeutic interventions. Methods A systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies evaluating the gut microbiota, EDs and alcohol and substance use disorders was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science databases with the objective being to examine the role of the gut microbiota in behavioral correlates of these disorders. Original papers focused on the gut microbiota and potential behavioral implications were deemed eligible for consideration. Results The resulting 12 publications were limited to gut microbiota studies related to EDs and alcohol and substance use disorders. Some studies suggest that dysbiosis and gut microbial byproducts may influence the pathophysiology of EDs via direct and indirect interference with peptide hormone signaling. Additionally, dysbiosis was shown to be correlated with alcohol use disorder-related symptoms, i.e. craving, depression and anxiety. Finally, a mouse study suggests that manipulations in the gut microbiota may affect cocaine-related behaviors. Conclusions Promising, albeit preliminary, findings suggest a potential role of the gut microbiota in behavioral correlates of EDs and alcohol and substance use disorders. Short summary Preliminary evidence exists supporting the role of the gut microbiota in eating disorders and alcohol and substance use disorders, although additional investigation is needed to determine what is causative versus epiphenomenological.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie E Temko
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse, 10 Center Drive (10CRC/15330), Bethesda, MD 20892-1108, USA
| | - Sofia Bouhlal
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse, 10 Center Drive (10CRC/15330), Bethesda, MD 20892-1108, USA
| | - Mehdi Farokhnia
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse, 10 Center Drive (10CRC/15330), Bethesda, MD 20892-1108, USA
| | - Mary R Lee
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse, 10 Center Drive (10CRC/15330), Bethesda, MD 20892-1108, USA
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Institute and Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse, 10 Center Drive (10CRC/15330), Bethesda, MD 20892-1108, USA.,Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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7
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François M, Takagi K, Legrand R, Lucas N, Beutheu S, Bôle-Feysot C, Cravezic A, Tennoune N, do Rego JC, Coëffier M, Inui A, Déchelotte P, Fetissov SO. Increased Ghrelin but Low Ghrelin-Reactive Immunoglobulins in a Rat Model of Methotrexate Chemotherapy-Induced Anorexia. Front Nutr 2016; 3:23. [PMID: 27508207 PMCID: PMC4960292 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2016.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Cancer chemotherapy is commonly accompanied by mucositis, anorexia, weight loss, and anxiety independently from cancer-induced anorexia–cachexia, further aggravating clinical outcome. Ghrelin is a peptide hormone produced in gastric mucosa that reaches the brain to stimulate appetite. In plasma, ghrelin is protected from degradation by ghrelin-reactive immunoglobulins (Ig). To analyze possible involvement of ghrelin in the chemotherapy-induced anorexia and anxiety, gastric ghrelin expression, plasma levels of ghrelin, and ghrelin-reactive IgG were studied in rats treated with methotrexate (MTX). Methods Rats received MTX (2.5 mg/kg, subcutaneously) for three consecutive days and were killed 3 days later, at the peak of anorexia and weight loss. Control rats received phosphate-buffered saline. Preproghrelin mRNA expression in the stomach was analyzed by in situ hybridization. Plasma levels of ghrelin and ghrelin-reactive IgG were measured by immunoenzymatic assays and IgG affinity kinetics by surface plasmon resonance. Anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in MTX-treated anorectic and in control rats were evaluated in the elevated plus-maze and the forced-swim test, respectively. Results In MTX-treated anorectic rats, the number of preproghrelin mRNA-producing cells was found increased (by 51.3%, p < 0.001) as well were plasma concentrations of both ghrelin and des-acyl-ghrelin (by 70.4%, p < 0.05 and 98.3%, p < 0.01, respectively). In contrast, plasma levels of total IgG reactive with ghrelin and des-acyl-ghrelin were drastically decreased (by 87.2 and 88.4%, respectively, both p < 0.001), and affinity kinetics of these IgG were characterized by increased small and big Kd, respectively. MTX-treated rats displayed increased anxiety- but not depression-like behavior. Conclusion MTX-induced anorexia, weight loss, and anxiety are accompanied by increased ghrelin production and by a decrease of ghrelin-reactive IgG levels and affinity binding properties. Such changes of ghrelin-reactive IgG may underlie their decreased ghrelin-transporting capacities compromising ghrelin orexigenic and anxiolytic effects and contributing to chemotherapy-induced loss of appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie François
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, INSERM UMR1073, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Kuniko Takagi
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, INSERM UMR1073, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Romain Legrand
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, INSERM UMR1073, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Nicolas Lucas
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, INSERM UMR1073, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Stephanie Beutheu
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, INSERM UMR1073, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Christine Bôle-Feysot
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, INSERM UMR1073, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Aurore Cravezic
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, France; Animal Behavior Platform (SCAC), Rouen, France
| | - Naouel Tennoune
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, INSERM UMR1073, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Claude do Rego
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, France; Animal Behavior Platform (SCAC), Rouen, France
| | - Moïse Coëffier
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, INSERM UMR1073, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, France; Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - Akio Inui
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, INSERM UMR1073, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, France; Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - Sergueï O Fetissov
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, INSERM UMR1073, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, France
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Gorwood P, Blanchet-Collet C, Chartrel N, Duclos J, Dechelotte P, Hanachi M, Fetissov S, Godart N, Melchior JC, Ramoz N, Rovere-Jovene C, Tolle V, Viltart O, Epelbaum J. New Insights in Anorexia Nervosa. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:256. [PMID: 27445651 PMCID: PMC4925664 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is classically defined as a condition in which an abnormally low body weight is associated with an intense fear of gaining weight and distorted cognitions regarding weight, shape, and drive for thinness. This article reviews recent evidences from physiology, genetics, epigenetics, and brain imaging which allow to consider AN as an abnormality of reward pathways or an attempt to preserve mental homeostasis. Special emphasis is put on ghrelino-resistance and the importance of orexigenic peptides of the lateral hypothalamus, the gut microbiota and a dysimmune disorder of neuropeptide signaling. Physiological processes, secondary to underlying, and premorbid vulnerability factors-the "pondero-nutritional-feeding basements"- are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Gorwood
- Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne (CMME)Paris, France; UMR-S 894, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Psychiatrie et NeurosciencesParis, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France
| | | | - Nicolas Chartrel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in BiomedicineRouen, France; Normandy UniversityCaen, France; University of RouenRouen, France
| | - Jeanne Duclos
- Adolescents and Young Adults Psychiatry Department, Institut Mutualiste MontsourisParis, France; CESP, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Descartes, USPCParis, France; University Reims, Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire Cognition, Santé, Socialisation (C2S)-EA 6291Reims, France
| | - Pierre Dechelotte
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1073 IRIB Normandy UniversityRouen, France; Faculté de Médecine-PharmacieRouen, France
| | - Mouna Hanachi
- Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1179, équipe Thérapeutiques Innovantes et Technologies Appliquées aux Troubles Neuromoteurs, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone VeilMontigny-le-Bretonneux, France; Département de Médecine (Unité de Nutrition), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisGarches, France
| | - Serguei Fetissov
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1073 IRIB Normandy University Rouen, France
| | - Nathalie Godart
- Adolescents and Young Adults Psychiatry Department, Institut Mutualiste MontsourisParis, France; CESP, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Descartes, USPCParis, France
| | - Jean-Claude Melchior
- Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1179, équipe Thérapeutiques Innovantes et Technologies Appliquées aux Troubles Neuromoteurs, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone VeilMontigny-le-Bretonneux, France; Département de Médecine (Unité de Nutrition), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisGarches, France
| | - Nicolas Ramoz
- UMR-S 894, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Psychiatrie et NeurosciencesParis, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France
| | - Carole Rovere-Jovene
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR6097, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Valbonne, France
| | - Virginie Tolle
- UMR-S 894, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Psychiatrie et NeurosciencesParis, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France
| | - Odile Viltart
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer Lille, France
| | - Jacques Epelbaum
- UMR-S 894, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Psychiatrie et NeurosciencesParis, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France
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Toufexis MD, Hommer R, Gerardi DM, Grant P, Rothschild L, D'Souza P, Williams K, Leckman J, Swedo SE, Murphy TK. Disordered eating and food restrictions in children with PANDAS/PANS. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2015; 25:48-56. [PMID: 25329522 PMCID: PMC4340640 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2014.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sudden onset clinically significant eating restrictions are a defining feature of the clinical presentation of some of the cases of pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS). Restrictions in food intake are typically fueled by contamination fears; fears of choking, vomiting, or swallowing; and/or sensory issues, such as texture, taste, or olfactory concerns. However, body image distortions may also be present. We investigate the clinical presentation of PANS disordered eating and compare it with that of other eating disorders. METHODS We describe 29 patients who met diagnostic criteria for PANS. Most also exhibited evidence that the symptoms might be sequelae of infections with Group A streptococcal bacteria (the pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infections [PANDAS] subgroup of PANS). RESULTS The clinical presentations are remarkable for a male predominance (2:1 M:F), young age of the affected children (mean=9 years; range 5-12 years), acuity of symptom onset, and comorbid neuropsychiatric symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The food refusal associated with PANS is compared with symptoms listed for the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. (DSM-V) diagnosis of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). Treatment implications are discussed, as well as directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan D. Toufexis
- Division of Pediatric Neuropsychiatry, Rothman Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida
| | - Rebecca Hommer
- Pediatrics & Developmental Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Diana M. Gerardi
- Division of Pediatric Neuropsychiatry, Rothman Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida
| | - Paul Grant
- Pediatrics & Developmental Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Leah Rothschild
- Pediatrics & Developmental Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Precilla D'Souza
- Pediatrics & Developmental Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kyle Williams
- Pediatric Neuropsychiatry and Immunology Clinic, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James Leckman
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Susan E. Swedo
- Pediatrics & Developmental Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tanya K. Murphy
- Division of Pediatric Neuropsychiatry, Rothman Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida.,Department of Psychiatry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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Tennoune N, Legrand R, Ouelaa W, Breton J, Lucas N, Bole-Feysot C, do Rego JC, Déchelotte P, Fetissov SO. Sex-related effects of nutritional supplementation of Escherichia coli: relevance to eating disorders. Nutrition 2014; 31:498-507. [PMID: 25701341 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The biological background of sex-related differences in the development of eating disorders (EDs) is unknown. Recent data showed that gut bacteria Escherichia coli induce autoantibodies against anorexigenic α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) associated with psychopathology in ED. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of E. coli on feeding and autoantibodies against α-MSH and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), between female and male rats. METHODS Commensal E. coli K12 were given in a culture medium daily to adult Wistar rats by intragastric gavage over a 3-wk period; control rats received culture medium only. RESULTS Before gavage, E. coli K12 DNA was detected in feces of female but not male rats. E. coli provision was accompanied by an increase in body weight gain in females, but a decrease in body weight gain and food intake in males. Independent of E. coli treatment, plasma levels of anti-α-MSH and ACTH immunoglobulin (Ig)G were higher in female than male rats. Females responded to E. coli by increasing α-MSH IgG levels and affinity, but males by increasing α-MSH IgM levels. Affinity of IgG for ACTH was increased in both E. coli-treated females and males, although with different kinetics. IgG from females stimulated more efficiently α-MSH-induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate production by melanocortin 4 receptor-expressing cells compared with IgG from males. DISCUSSION Sex-related response to how E. coli affects feeding and anti-melanocortin hormone antibody production may depend on the presence of these bacteria in the gut before E. coli supplementation. These data suggest that sex-related presence of certain gut bacteria may represent a risk factor for ED development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naouel Tennoune
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Romain Legrand
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Wassila Ouelaa
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Jonathan Breton
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Nicolas Lucas
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Christine Bole-Feysot
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Claude do Rego
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, France; Animal behavior platform (SCAC), Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, France; Rouen University Hospital, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - Sergueï O Fetissov
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, France.
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11
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Protective effects of aqueous extract of Solanum nigrum Linn. leaves in rat models of oral mucositis. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:345939. [PMID: 25506066 PMCID: PMC4258331 DOI: 10.1155/2014/345939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral mucositis is one of the most debilitating side effects in patient undergoing chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Leaves of the plant Solanum nigrum are used in folklore medicine to treat oral ulcers in India. However, no pharmacological investigation has been carried out till date. Aqueous extract of Solanum nigrum leaves (AESN) was prepared and subjected to various phytochemical screening. HPLC analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction was carried out. The aqueous extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) was further evaluated for its protective effect on two rat models: (a) busulfan plus infrared radiation (chemoradiotherapy) induced oral mucositis and (b) methotrexate (chemotherapy) induced oral mucositis. Various parameters including body weight change, food intake, and mortality were measured. AESN showed protective effect in both models of oral mucositis; however, the higher dose was more effective in chemotherapy induced oral mucositis. A reduction in oral mucositis score (P < 0.05) was observed in the treatment groups. Significant (P < 0.05) improvement in food intake was also observed in AESN treated groups. Aqueous extract of Solanum nigrum leaves has protective effect on chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy induced oral mucositis in rats.
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12
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Bacterial ClpB heat-shock protein, an antigen-mimetic of the anorexigenic peptide α-MSH, at the origin of eating disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e458. [PMID: 25290265 PMCID: PMC4350527 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms at the origin of eating disorders (EDs), including anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia and binge-eating disorder (BED), are currently unknown. Previous data indicated that immunoglobulins (Igs) or autoantibodies (auto-Abs) reactive with α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) are involved in regulation of feeding and emotion; however, the origin of such auto-Abs is unknown. Here, using proteomics, we identified ClpB heat-shock disaggregation chaperone protein of commensal gut bacteria Escherichia coli as a conformational antigen mimetic of α-MSH. We show that ClpB-immunized mice produce anti-ClpB IgG crossreactive with α-MSH, influencing food intake, body weight, anxiety and melanocortin receptor 4 signaling. Furthermore, chronic intragastric delivery of E. coli in mice decreased food intake and stimulated formation of ClpB- and α-MSH-reactive antibodies, while ClpB-deficient E. coli did not affect food intake or antibody levels. Finally, we show that plasma levels of anti-ClpB IgG crossreactive with α-MSH are increased in patients with AN, bulimia and BED, and that the ED Inventory-2 scores in ED patients correlate with anti-ClpB IgG and IgM, which is similar to our previous findings for α-MSH auto-Abs. In conclusion, this work shows that the bacterial ClpB protein, which is present in several commensal and pathogenic microorganisms, can be responsible for the production of auto-Abs crossreactive with α-MSH, associated with altered feeding and emotion in humans with ED. Our data suggest that ClpB-expressing gut microorganisms might be involved in the etiology of EDs.
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13
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Lucas N, Legrand R, Ouelaa W, Breton J, Tennoune N, Bole-Feysot C, Déchelotte P, Fetissov SO. Effects of rabbit anti-α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) immunoglobulins on α-MSH signaling related to food intake control. Neuropeptides 2014; 48:21-7. [PMID: 24238616 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Anti-α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) polyclonal antibodies have been used for α-MSH neutralization in functional studies, but the results are sometime inconsistent with the antibody expected blocking properties. The present study aimed to determine if rabbit (Rb) anti-α-MSH immunoglobulins (Ig) may inhibit or enhance α-MSH signaling on melanocortin receptor type 4 (MC4R) and α-MSH-induced anorexigenic effect if presented as immune complexes with α-MSH. Polyclonal Rb anti-α-MSH IgG were commercially available and their ability to bind α-MSH has been confirmed by the immunohistochemical detection of α-MSH neurons in the rat hypothalamus. In vitro assay of the cyclic-adenosine mono-phosphate (cAMP) secreted by cells transfected with MC4R was performed to analyze effect of Rb IgG on α-MSH-induced cAMP production. We found that adding Rb IgG to α-MSH resulted in stimulation of cAMP detected at lower peptide concentrations as compared to α-MSH alone. To determine effects of Rb IgG on food intake, rats were injected into the arcuate hypothalamic nucleus with either α-MSH, Rb IgG alone or Rb IgG preincubated with α-MSH. During 2 days after injections, food intake was increased in both groups of rats receiving Rb IgG. However, during following 4 days when food was restricted to 1h/day, only the Rb IgG group displayed higher food intake. Furthermore, after the refeeding, 24h food intake was lower in rats receiving Rb IgG - α-MSH immune complexes. This group of rats was also characterized by higher number of immunopositive neurons in the arcuate nucleus expressing α-MSH and agouti-related protein but not tyrosine hydroxylase. Taken together, these results show that Rb anti-α-MSH antisera, although efficient for immunohistochemical detection of α-MSH, does not always display α-MSH blocking properties but, in contrast, may enhance α-MSH binding to MC4R and increase α-MSH anorexigenic effects when presented as immune complexes with the peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Lucas
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen 76183, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen 76183, France
| | - Romain Legrand
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen 76183, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen 76183, France
| | - Wassila Ouelaa
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen 76183, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen 76183, France
| | - Jonathan Breton
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen 76183, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen 76183, France
| | - Naouel Tennoune
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen 76183, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen 76183, France
| | - Christine Bole-Feysot
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen 76183, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen 76183, France
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen 76183, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen 76183, France; Rouen University Hospital, CHU Charles Nicolle, 76183 Rouen, France
| | - Sergueï O Fetissov
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen 76183, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen 76183, France.
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Corticotropin (ACTH)-reactive immunoglobulins in adolescents in relation to antisocial behavior and stress-induced cortisol response. The TRAILS study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013; 38:3039-47. [PMID: 24103889 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of corticotropin (ACTH)-reactive immunoglobulins (ACTH IgG) were found in males with conduct disorder, suggesting their involvement in the biology of antisocial behavior. We first aimed to confirm these findings in a large general population sample of adolescents. Secondly, we studied the association between ACTH IgG levels and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response to stress. Free and total ACTH IgG levels were measured in sera of 1230 adolescents (15-18 years). HPA axis activity was determined by measuring salivary cortisol before, during, and after a social stress test. Antisocial behavior was assessed using the Antisocial Behavior Questionnaire. ACTH peptide and IgG affinity kinetics for ACTH were assayed in a subsample of 90 adolescents selected for high or low ACTH IgG levels. In boys, higher total ACTH IgG levels were associated with higher antisocial behavior scores (β=1.05, p=0.04), especially at high levels of free ACTH IgG. In girls, antisocial behavior was associated with low free ACTH IgG levels (β=-0.20, p=0.04). Stress-induced cortisol release was associated with free ACTH IgG in boys (βareaunderthecurve=-0.67, p<0.01), and with total ACTH IgG in girls (βrecovery=0.84, p=0.05). The affinity kinetics assay showed that ACTH IgG association rates were lower in both boys and girls with high ACTH IgG levels. These data show that ACTH IgG levels are related to antisocial behavior and HPA axis response to stress in adolescents. The mechanisms behind these associations, including different ACTH binding properties of IgG in subjects with antisocial behavior, deserve further attention.
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15
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Garcia FD, Coquerel Q, do Rego JC, Cravezic A, Bole-Feysot C, Kiive E, Déchelotte P, Harro J, Fetissov SO. Anti-neuropeptide Y plasma immunoglobulins in relation to mood and appetite in depressive disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2012; 37:1457-67. [PMID: 22365482 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Depression and eating disorders are frequently associated, but the molecular pathways responsible for co-occurrence of altered mood, appetite and body weight are not yet fully understood. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has potent antidepressant and orexigenic properties and low central NPY levels have been reported in major depression. In the present study, we hypothesized that in patients with major depression alteration of mood, appetite and body weight may be related to NPY-reactive autoantibodies (autoAbs). To test this hypothesis, we compared plasma levels and affinities of NPY-reactive autoAbs between patients with major depression and healthy controls. Then, to evaluate if changes of NPY autoAb properties can be causally related to altered mood and appetite, we developed central and peripheral passive transfer models of human autoAbs in mice and studied depressive-like behavior in forced-swim test and food intake. We found that plasma levels of NPY IgG autoAbs were lower in patients with moderate but not with mild depression correlating negatively with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale scores and with immobility time of the forced-swim test in mice after peripheral injection of autoAbs. No significant differences in NPY IgG autoAb affinities between patients with depression and controls were found, but higher affinity of IgG autoAbs for NPY was associated with lower body mass index and prevented NPY-induced orexigenic response in mice after their central injection. These data suggest that changes of plasma levels of anti-NPY autoAbs are relevant to altered mood, while changes of their affinity may participate in altered appetite and body weight in patients with depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico D Garcia
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Inserm U1073, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine-IRIB, Rouen University, Normandy 76183, France
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