Plasma adiponectin is inversely associated with antenatal anxiety: Results from a Brazilian cohort

Biological reflect of Adiponectin hormone in postpartum marital satisfaction and depression scores

Background

There is a growing body of evidence regarding the association between Adiponectin and mental disorders. We aim to evaluate the association between serum level of Adiponectin hormone and postpartum depression and marital satisfaction scores.

Methods

A prospective cohort study of 90 pregnant women was conducted in Mahdieh Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Blood samples were collected during the first 24 h after delivery. The serum Adiponectin concentration was measured with an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit. The depression score was measured using a validated Iranian version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) questionnaire at six weeks (6-weeks) and twelve weeks (12-weeks) after delivery. Using the Kansas questionnaire at twelve weeks (12-weeks) after delivery, the marital satisfaction score was measured. The measurements were compared between two groups, satisfied and dissatisfied mothers. P-values lower than 0.05 were considered significant.

Results

The mean serum level of Adiponectin was significantly higher in the dissatisfied group. It was 10.9 ± 13.4 μg/ml and 15.2 ± 17.7 μg /ml in the satisfied and dissatisfied groups, respectively (P = 0.04).

The postpartum depression scores of 6- and 12-weeks after delivery were significantly higher in the dissatisfied group. At 6-weeks after delivery, the postpartum depression scores were 3.6 ± 3 and 8.7 ± 5.6 in satisfied and dissatisfied groups, respectively. Those were 2.7 ± 2.7 and 7.6 ± 5 at 12-weeks after delivery, respectively. There was a significant difference statistically (P <  0.001).

Conclusion

Mothers in the dissatisfied group, experienced higher depression scores at 12-weeks postpartum while they had shown higher serum Adiponectin levels at the first 24 h after delivery.

Antenatal Anxiety: Prevalence and Patterns in a Routine Obstetric Population

Introduction: Expectant mothers may appear anxious even during healthy pregnancies. Unfortunately, little is known about antenatal anxiety, and affected women may remain undetected and untreated. This study aimed to examine the prevalence, incidence, course and associations of high state anxiety in routine obstetric care. Materials and Methods: This was an observational prospective cohort study at a large maternity unit. Obstetric outpatients with low-risk singleton pregnancies were recruited during first trimester consultations. Participants provided sociodemographic data and completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The STAI was re-administered at each subsequent trimester. Results: Prevalence and incidence of  high state anxiety among 634 completers were 29.5% (95% CI 25.6%-33.6%) and 13.9% (95% CI 9.9%-18.0%), respectively. Anxiety was persistent in 17.0% (95% CI 14.3%-20.2%) and transient in 26.3% (95% CI 23.1%-29.9%). Only persistently anxious participants had high mean second trimester state anxiety scores. Odds for anxiety of greater persistence increased by 29% (95% CI 24%-35%) per 1-point increase in first trimester depression scores, and decreased by 36% (95% CI 7%-56%) with tertiary education. Conclusion: Antenatal anxiety symptoms are common even in normal pregnancies, especially among women with depression and lower education. Our study indicates value in exploring diagnostic criteria and quantitative measures for antenatal anxiety. Key words: Depression, Pregnancy, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory

Decreased plasma adiponectin among male firefighters with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder

BACKGROUND

Recent studies have reported that adiponectin-mediated neuromolecular pathways are involved in fear extinction, implying that adiponectin may be an important biological marker for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, no study has investigated the association between adiponectin and patients with PTSD.

METHODS

We examined plasma adiponectin levels, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and psychopathological factors using the Korean version of the Impact Event Scale-Revised (IES-R-K) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in 507 male firefighters. The PTSD symptom group was defined as those with a score of 25 or higher on the IES-R-K. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the covariates for the PTSD symptom group.

RESULTS

Out of 507 male firefighters, 139 (27.4%) had a score of 25 or more on the IES-R-K. The PTSD symptom group had lower plasma adiponectin levels than the controls. There was an inverse correlation between plasma adiponectin levels and PTSD severity. There was no correlation between adiponectin levels and depression. The adiponectin level was associated with the presence of PTSD symptom (odds ratio = 0.955, 95% CI = 0.920-0.991).

LIMITATIONS

A cross-sectional design and using self-rated instruments.

CONCLUSIONS

To the best of our knowledge, the results showed that decreased adiponectin-mediated activity is associated with PTSD. Future studies are necessary to identify the causative role of adiponectin for PTSD as well as any possible covariates.

Serum saturated fatty acid decreases plasma adiponectin and increases leptin throughout pregnancy independently of BMI

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to investigate whether serum concentrations of total saturated fatty acids (SFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and their fractions are associated with plasma adiponectin and leptin concentrations throughout pregnancy.

METHODS

A prospective cohort of 201 pregnant women was followed from gestational weeks 5 to 13, 20 to 26, and 30 to 36. Blood samples were collected at the three visits after 12 h of fasting. Fatty acid concentrations were determined using fast gas-liquid chromatography. Plasma adiponectin (μg/mL) and leptin (ng/dL) concentrations were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Statistical analyses included median adipokine concentrations according to the tertiles of fatty acid distribution and multiple linear mixed-effect models adjusted for body mass index, gestational age, total energy intake, alcohol consumption, and smoking.

RESULTS

Women classified in the third SFA concentration tertile had lower median values of adiponectin compared with those in the first tertile ([first trimester: first tertile = 5.36; third tertile = 5.00]; [second trimester: first tertile = 6.39; third tertile = 4.47]; [third trimester: first tertile = 6.46; third tertile = 4.60]). Similar trends were observed for the 14:0, 16:0 and 18:0 fractions. In the multiple longitudinal models, total SFA (β = -41.039; P = 0.008) and 16:0 were negatively associated with plasma adiponectin (16:0, β = -0.511; P = 0.001). Total PUFA ω-6 (β = 28.961; P = 0.002) and 18:2 ω-6 (β = 0.259, P = 0.006) were positively associated with the adiponectin. Total SFA (β = 0.110, P = 0.007), 14:0 (β = 0.072, P = 0.011), and 20:3 ω-6 (β = 0.039; P = 0.035) were positively associated with plasma leptin.

CONCLUSIONS

Total serum SFA and the 16:0 fraction were negatively associated with plasma adiponectin and positively associated with leptin concentrations. Total ω-6 PUFA was positively associated only with plasma adiponectin concentrations throughout pregnancy.