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Carregosa D, Loncarevic-Vasiljkovic N, Feliciano R, Moura-Louro D, Mendes CS, Dos Santos CN. Locomotor and gait changes in the LPS model of neuroinflammation are correlated with inflammatory cytokines in blood and brain. J Inflamm (Lond) 2024; 21:39. [PMID: 39379968 PMCID: PMC11463041 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-024-00412-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in mice has been used to identify the mechanisms and therapeutics for neuroinflammation. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively evaluate the behavioral changes including locomotion, exploration, and memory, correlating them with a panel of thirteen inflammatory cytokines in both blood and brain.We found that acute LPS administration (0.83 mg/Kg i.p.) reduced body weight, food intake, and glucose levels compared to the saline-injected mice, concomitant with decreased activity in home cage monitoring. Locomotion was significantly reduced in Open Field, Introduced Object, and Y-Maze tests. Decreased exploratory behavior in the Y-Maze and Introduced Object tests was noticed, by measuring the number of arms explored and object interaction time, respectively. Additionally, in rotarod, LPS administration led to a significant decrease in the distance achieved, while in the MouseWalker, LPS led to a reduction in average velocity.LPS induced a decrease in microglia ramification index in the motor cortex and the striatum, while surprisingly a reduction in microglia number was observed in the motor cortex.The concentrations of thirteen cytokines in the blood were significantly altered, while only CXCL1, CCL22, CCL17, G-CSF, and IL-12p40 were changed in the brain. Correlations between cytokine levels in blood and brain were found, most notably for CCL17 and CCL22. TGFβ was the only one with negative correlations to other cytokines. Correlations between cytokines and behavior changes were also disclosed, especially for CCL17, CCL22, G-CSF, and IL-6 and negatively for TGFβ and IL-10.In summary, our study employing acute LPS challenge in mice has revealed a comprehensive profile of behavioral alterations alongside significant changes in inflammatory cytokine levels, both in peripheral blood and brain tissue. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the interplay between inflammation and behavior, with possible implications for identifying prognostics and therapeutic targets for neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Carregosa
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Natasa Loncarevic-Vasiljkovic
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Raquel Feliciano
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diogo Moura-Louro
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - César S Mendes
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Nunes Dos Santos
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal.
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras, Portugal.
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Andreasson A, Tognetti A, Jones M, Lekander M, Lasselin J. Assessing sickness behavior in the French: Validation of the French translation of the sickness questionnaire (SicknessQ) in a non-clinical French population. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 34:100708. [PMID: 38058984 PMCID: PMC10695833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sickness Questionnaire (SicknessQ) is a questionnaire developed to assess symptoms of sickness behavior, including somatic, behavioral, and affective dimensions. To promote cross-cultural assessments of sickness behavior, we aim to expand the use of this questionnaire to other populations and languages. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the French translation of SicknessQ in a French-speaking general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. One hundred and thirty-nine individuals completed the SicknessQ online, along with the construct criteria measures of self-rated health, state anxiety (STAI-S), and depressive symptoms (PHQ-9). The principal component analyses revealed two components: the first component included seven items concerning mood, motivation and experiences of fatigue and pain; the second component included three items concerning somatic sickness symptoms. Higher scores on the total scale and the two component subscales were associated with poorer self-rated health and higher STAI-S and PHQ-9 scores. Since the associations with construct criteria variables were relatively similar between the single- and the two-dimensional solutions, both the total scale and the subscales of the two components of the French SicknessQ can be used in future studies to measure sickness behavior in French-speaking populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Andreasson
- Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Arnaud Tognetti
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- CEE-M, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mike Jones
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Mats Lekander
- Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julie Lasselin
- Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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