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Molot J, Sears M, Anisman H. Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: It's time to catch up to the science. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 151:105227. [PMID: 37172924 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a complex medical condition associated with low dose chemical exposures. MCS is characterized by diverse features and common comorbidities, including fibromyalgia, cough hypersensitivity, asthma, and migraine, and stress/anxiety, with which the syndrome shares numerous neurobiological processes and altered functioning within diverse brain regions. Predictive factors linked to MCS comprise genetic influences, gene-environment interactions, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, cell dysfunction, and psychosocial influences. The development of MCS may be attributed to the sensitization of transient receptor potential (TRP) receptors, notably TRPV1 and TRPA1. Capsaicin inhalation challenge studies demonstrated that TRPV1 sensitization is manifested in MCS, and functional brain imaging studies revealed that TRPV1 and TRPA1 agonists promote brain-region specific neuronal variations. Unfortunately, MCS has often been inappropriately viewed as stemming exclusively from psychological disturbances, which has fostered patients being stigmatized and ostracized, and often being denied accommodation for their disability. Evidence-based education is essential to provide appropriate support and advocacy. Greater recognition of receptor-mediated biological mechanisms should be incorporated in laws, and regulation of environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Molot
- Family Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa ON Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa Canada.
| | - Margaret Sears
- Family Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa ON Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa Canada.
| | - Hymie Anisman
- Family Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa ON Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa Canada.
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Lymph Node Dissection Is a Risk Factor for Short-Term Cough after Pulmonary Resection. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:294-307. [PMID: 35049701 PMCID: PMC8774379 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cough is a common complication after pulmonary resection. However, the factors associated with cough that develop after pulmonary resection are still controversial. In this study, we used the Simplified Cough Score (SCS) and the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) score to investigate potential risk factors for postoperative cough. Between January 2017 and June 2021, we collected the clinical data of 517 patients, the SCS at three days after surgery and the LCQ at two weeks and six weeks after surgery. Then, univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the independent risk factors for postoperative cough. The clinical baseline data of the cough group and the non-cough group were similar. However, the cough group had longer operation time and more blood loss. The patients who underwent lobectomy were more likely to develop postoperative cough than the patients who underwent segmentectomy and wedge resection, while the patients who underwent systematic lymph node dissection were more likely to develop postoperative cough than the patients who underwent lymph node sampling and those who did not undergo lymph node resection. When the same lymph node management method was applied, there was no difference in the LCQ scores between the patients who underwent wedge resection, lobectomy and segmentectomy. The lymph node resection method was an independent risk factor for postoperative cough (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Lymph node resection is an independent risk factor for short-term cough after pulmonary resection with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, and damage to the vagus nerve and its branches (particularly the pulmonary branches) is a possible cause of short-term cough. The mechanism of postoperative cough remains to be further studied.
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Wu J, Dai L, Lou W. Incidence and risk factor for short term postoperative cough after thyroidectomy. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:888. [PMID: 32938409 PMCID: PMC7493175 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of potential risk factors for postoperative cough after thyroidectomy remain unknown. The current study aimed to research postoperative cough in patients undergoing thyroid surgery prospectively. Methods Adult patients who underwent primary thyroid surgery were selected prospectively. Data regarding age, sex, BMI, pathology and surgical procedure were collected and analyzed. The Leicester Cugh Questionnaire (LCQ) was required to be completed by all patients before operation, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after operation. Results There were 1264 patients enrolled in total. Eleven patients with vocal cord paralysis were excluded. In patients with benign disease, postoperative cough occurred in 61 patients, with an prevalence rate of 17. 0% compared to an prevalence rate of 33.1% in patients with malignant disease; the difference was significant. For benign patients, the factors of smoking and operation time were independently related to the occurrence of postoperative cough. For malignant patients, the factors of smoking, operation time, operation extent, and the number of positive nodes at level 6 were independently related to the occurrence of postoperative cough. There was no significant difference regarding the LCQ score in patients with benign or malignant disease at the preoperative and the postoperative 4-week time periods. Patients with malignant disease had a significantly lower LCQ score than patients with benign disease at the postoperative 2-week time point (p = 0.004). Conclusions Patients undergoing thyroid cancer surgery had a higher incidence of postoperative cough and were also associated with a decreased cough-related quality of life. The factors of smoking and operation time were the most important predictors for postoperative cough after thyroidectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfu Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450085, P.R. China.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, P.R. China
| | - Liyuan Dai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Lou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450085, P.R. China.
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Gupta A, Gaikwad V, Kumar S, Srivastava R, Sastry J. Clinical validation of efficacy and safety of herbal cough formulation "Honitus syrup" for symptomatic relief of acute non-productive cough and throat irritation. Ayu 2016; 37:206-214. [PMID: 29491673 PMCID: PMC5822975 DOI: 10.4103/ayu.ayu_156_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute cough represents the most common illness evaluated in the outpatient settings. Available remedies for its management are generally allopathic combinations of antihistamines and decongestants that achieve antitussive activity, but often with unpleasant side effects prompting the need to explore safer and effective options. Honitus is an Ayurvedic proprietary herbal cough syrup with benefits of honey, intended to provide relief in acute nonproductive cough and throat irritation without causing drowsiness. This study investigated the safety and efficacy of Honitus in reducing acute nonproductive cough and throat irritation in comparison to a standard marketed allopathic cough syrup intended for use in similar conditions. Materials and Methods This was a randomized double-blind study conducted in 105 individuals who received orally 2 tsp (10 ml) of either Honitus or marketed cough syrup (MCS) four times a day for 3 days. Response to treatment was evaluated from baseline to the end of treatment period on the basis of changes in day and night frequencies of cough, throat irritation and development of adverse events (AEs). Results Honitus was found safe and effective in reducing symptoms of acute nonproductive cough, throat irritation, and comparable to MCS in reducing day and night frequencies of cough, the time to relief from cough and throat irritation and the Physician's Global Assessment of cough. Honitus showed comparably better results than MCS on throat irritation, the duration of relief from cough and throat irritation without causing drowsiness. No AEs related to study or study products were reported. Conclusion Honitus Syrup is safe and effective in reducing the symptoms of acute nonproductive cough and throat irritation without causing drowsiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Gupta
- Medical Affairs and Clinical Research Division, Principal Scientist - Healthcare Research, Healthcare Research, Dabur Research and Development Centre, Dabur India Limited, Sahibabad (Ghaziabad), UP, India
| | - Vaijayanti Gaikwad
- Medical Affairs and Clinical Research Division, Clinician and Independent Researcher, Ghatkopar, Mumbai, India
| | - Satyendra Kumar
- Medical Affairs and Clinical Research Division, Principal Scientist - Healthcare Research, Healthcare Research, Dabur Research and Development Centre, Dabur India Limited, Sahibabad (Ghaziabad), UP, India
| | - Ruchi Srivastava
- Medical Affairs and Clinical Research Division, Principal Scientist - Healthcare Research, Healthcare Research, Dabur Research and Development Centre, Dabur India Limited, Sahibabad (Ghaziabad), UP, India
| | - Jln Sastry
- Medical Affairs and Clinical Research Division, Principal Scientist - Healthcare Research, Healthcare Research, Dabur Research and Development Centre, Dabur India Limited, Sahibabad (Ghaziabad), UP, India
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Airway Vagal Neuroplasticity Associated with Respiratory Viral Infections. Lung 2015; 194:25-9. [PMID: 26678280 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-015-9832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory virus infections leads to coughing, sneezing, and increases in reflex parasympathetic bronchoconstriction and secretions. These responses to viral infection are exclusively or largely secondary to changes in the function of the nervous system. For many with underlying airway pathologies such as asthma and COPD, this neuroplasticity can lead to disease exacerbations and hospitalization. Relatively little is understood about the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the changes in neuronal control of the respiratory tract during viral infection, but the evidence supports the idea that changes occur in the physiology of both the sensory and autonomic innervation. Virus infection can lead to acute increases in the activity of sensory nerves as well as to genetic changes causing alterations in sensory nerve phenotype. In addition, respiratory viral infections are associated with changes in the control of neurotransmitter release from cholinergic nerve endings terminating at the level of the airway smooth muscle.
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Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruz AA, Denburg J, Fokkens WJ, Togias A, Zuberbier T, Baena-Cagnani CE, Canonica GW, van Weel C, Agache I, Aït-Khaled N, Bachert C, Blaiss MS, Bonini S, Boulet LP, Bousquet PJ, Camargos P, Carlsen KH, Chen Y, Custovic A, Dahl R, Demoly P, Douagui H, Durham SR, van Wijk RG, Kalayci O, Kaliner MA, Kim YY, Kowalski ML, Kuna P, Le LTT, Lemiere C, Li J, Lockey RF, Mavale-Manuel S, Meltzer EO, Mohammad Y, Mullol J, Naclerio R, O'Hehir RE, Ohta K, Ouedraogo S, Palkonen S, Papadopoulos N, Passalacqua G, Pawankar R, Popov TA, Rabe KF, Rosado-Pinto J, Scadding GK, Simons FER, Toskala E, Valovirta E, van Cauwenberge P, Wang DY, Wickman M, Yawn BP, Yorgancioglu A, Yusuf OM, Zar H, Annesi-Maesano I, Bateman ED, Ben Kheder A, Boakye DA, Bouchard J, Burney P, Busse WW, Chan-Yeung M, Chavannes NH, Chuchalin A, Dolen WK, Emuzyte R, Grouse L, Humbert M, Jackson C, Johnston SL, Keith PK, Kemp JP, Klossek JM, Larenas-Linnemann D, Lipworth B, Malo JL, Marshall GD, Naspitz C, Nekam K, Niggemann B, Nizankowska-Mogilnicka E, Okamoto Y, Orru MP, Potter P, Price D, Stoloff SW, Vandenplas O, Viegi G, Williams D. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA(2)LEN and AllerGen). Allergy 2008; 63 Suppl 86:8-160. [PMID: 18331513 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01620.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3031] [Impact Index Per Article: 189.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Asthma/epidemiology
- Asthma/etiology
- Asthma/therapy
- Child
- Global Health
- Humans
- Prevalence
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/complications
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/diagnosis
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/epidemiology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/therapy
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/complications
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/diagnosis
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/epidemiology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/therapy
- Risk Factors
- World Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bousquet
- University Hospital and INSERM, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
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Groneberg-Kloft B, Feleszko W, Dinh QT, van Mark A, Brinkmann E, Pleimes D, Fischer A. Analysis and evaluation of environmental tobacco smoke exposure as a risk factor for chronic cough. COUGH 2007; 3:6. [PMID: 17475014 PMCID: PMC1884172 DOI: 10.1186/1745-9974-3-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2006] [Accepted: 05/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and active tobacco smoking has been shown to increase symptoms of bronchial asthma such as bronchoconstriction but effects on other respiratory symptoms remain poorly assessed. Current levels of exposure to tobacco smoke may also be responsible for the development of chronic cough in both children and adults. The present study analyses the effects of tobacco smoke exposure as potential causes of chronic cough. A panel of PubMed-based searches was performed relating the symptom of cough to various forms of tobacco smoke exposure. It was found that especially prenatal and postnatal exposures to ETS have an important influence on children's respiratory health including the symptom of cough. These effects may be prevented if children and pregnant women are protected from exposure to ETS. Whereas the total number of studies adressing the relationship between cough and ETS exposure is relatively small, the present study demonstrated that there is a critical amout of data pointing to a causative role of environmental ETS exposure for the respiratory symptom of cough. Since research efforts have only targeted this effect to a minor extent, future epidemiological and experimental studies are needed to further unravel the relation between ETS and cough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Groneberg-Kloft
- Division of Allergy Research, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Free University and Humboldt-University, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wojciech Feleszko
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, The Medical University Children's Hospital, PL-01-184 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Quoc Thai Dinh
- Department of Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Free University and Humboldt-University, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke van Mark
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, University zu Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Elke Brinkmann
- Department of Prevention, Norddeutsche Metall-Berufsgenossenschaft, D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Pleimes
- Division of Allergy Research, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Free University and Humboldt-University, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Fischer
- Division of Allergy Research, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Free University and Humboldt-University, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
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