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Padoan E, Ferraresso S, Pegolo S, Barnini C, Castagnaro M, Bargelloni L. Gene Expression Profiles of the Immuno-Transcriptome in Equine Asthma. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010004. [PMID: 36611613 PMCID: PMC9817691 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild equine asthma (MEA) and severe equine asthma (SEA) are two of the most frequent equine airway inflammatory diseases, but knowledge about their pathogenesis is limited. The goal of this study was to investigate gene expression differences in the respiratory tract of MEA- and SEA-affected horses and their relationship with clinical signs. METHODS Clinical examination and endoscopy were performed in 8 SEA- and 10 MEA-affected horses and 7 healthy controls. Cytological and microbiological analyses of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were performed. Gene expression profiling of BAL fluid was performed by means of a custom oligo-DNA microarray. RESULTS In both MEA and SEA, genes involved in the genesis, length, and motility of respiratory epithelium cilia were downregulated. In MEA, a significant overexpression for genes encoding inflammatory mediators was observed. In SEA, transcripts involved in bronchoconstriction, apoptosis, and hypoxia pathways were significantly upregulated, while genes involved in the formation of the protective muco-protein film were underexpressed. The SEA group also showed enrichment of gene networks activated during human asthma. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides new insight into equine asthma pathogenesis, representing the first step in transcriptomic analysis to improve diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for this respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Padoan
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Serena Ferraresso
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-8272506
| | - Sara Pegolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Castagnaro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Luca Bargelloni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
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Schellenberg LM, Regenthal R, Abraham G. The Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 reduces the β 2-adrenoceptor density but enhance cAMP formation in primary equine bronchial epithelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 907:174323. [PMID: 34246652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study addresses the effect of the Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 on the β2-adrenoceptor density and β-agonist-stimulated intracellular second messenger cAMP formation in primary equine bronchial epithelial cells (EBEC). Y-27632 significantly decreased the β2-adrenoceptor number (Bmax) without markedly affecting the receptor affinity (dissociation constant, KD) to the radioligand [125I]-iodocyanopindolol (ICYP). In contrast, Y-27632 augmented the β-agonist-stimulated intracellular cAMP production. Herein, Y-27632 markedly increased the maximal cAMP responses (Emax) (isoproterenol > epinephrine > norepinephrine) but did not shift the β-agonist concentration-effect curves to the left. The β2-selective antagonist ICI 118.551 and the β1/β2-antagonsit propranolol but not the β1-selctive antagonist CGP 20712A reversed the isoproterenol-induced cAMP formation equally in Y-27632-treated and control EBEC, suggesting the effect was merely related to the β2-subtype. These results show that Y-27632 differentially regulates the receptor density and function. Thus, these findings provide the first evidence that the functional interaction of the β2-adrenoceptor and Rho-kinase (ROCK) signaling pathways decreases the receptor expression but enhances receptor downstream cAMP formation. This differential regulation of the receptor density and function by Y-27632 should be further reconsidered with regard to the beneficial effect of the drug in asthma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Marie Schellenberg
- University of Leipzig, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Regenthal
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16 -18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Getu Abraham
- University of Leipzig, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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Schellenberg LM, Bonicelli J, Hochheim I, Regenthal R, Abraham G. Presence and function of β-adrenergic receptors in primary equine bronchial epithelia cells. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2020; 61:101897. [PMID: 31962137 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2020.101897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) plays an important role in regulating a variety of cell and organ functions in different animal species and is an important target in asthma pathogenesis and therapy. The β-AR expression and function in equine bronchial epithelial cells (EBEC) were not known but innervation and significant decrease in receptor level were reported in the equine bronchial tissues from asthmatic horses. 125I-iodocyanopindolol (ICYP) binding studies were undertaken in primary freshly isolated and cultured EBEC to identify the presence of the β-ARs. The receptor distribution was assessed using subtype-selective β-AR antagonists (ICI 118 551 (β2) and CGP 20712A (β1). The β-AR function was confirmed by measuring the agonist-induced intracellular cAMP accumulation in freshly isolated and cultured EBEC. In both freshly isolated and cultured EBEC, the specific ICYP binding was saturable and of high affinity. The maximal receptor density (Bmax) was 9763 ± 140 binding sites/cell (mean ± SEM, n = 7) and 10575 ± 194 binding sites/cell (mean ± SEM, n = 5) in freshly isolated and cultured EBEC, respectively. The receptor affinity to the ligand (KD) was also not different between the two cell conditions. ICI 118.551 displaced ICYP with 25 000-fold higher affinity than CGP 20712A. Moreover, in both fresh isolated and cultured EBEC, cAMP-accumulation was stimulated with a rank-order of potency of isoproterenol > adrenaline > noradrenaline. These results highlight the β2-AR to be a key subtype in both freshly isolated and cultured primary EBEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Marie Schellenberg
- University of Leipzig, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jana Bonicelli
- University of Leipzig, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ina Hochheim
- University of Leipzig, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Regenthal
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Getu Abraham
- University of Leipzig, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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Rock Inhibitor Y-27632 Enables Feeder-Free, Unlimited Expansion of Sus scrofa domesticus Swine Airway Stem Cells to Facilitate Respiratory Research. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:3010656. [PMID: 31871466 PMCID: PMC6906834 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3010656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Current limitations in the efficacy of treatments for chronic respiratory disorders position them as prospective regenerative medicine therapeutic targets. A substantial barrier to these ambitions is that research requires large numbers of cells whose acquisition is hindered by the limited availability of human tissue samples leading to an overreliance on physiologically dissimilar rodents. The development of cell culture strategies for airway cells from large mammals will more effectively support the transition from basic research to clinical therapy. Using readily available porcine lungs, we isolated conducting airway tissue and subsequently a large number of porcine airway epithelial cells (pAECs) using a digestion and mechanical scraping technique. Cells were cultured in a variety of culture media formulations, both foetal bovine serum-containing and serum-free media, in air (21%) and physiological (2%) oxygen tension and in the presence and absence of Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27362 (RI). Cell number at isolation and subsequent population doublings were determined; cells were characterised during culture and following differentiation by immunofluorescence, histology, and IL-8 ELISA. Cells were positive for epithelial markers (pan-cytokeratin and E-cadherin) and negative for fibroblastic markers (vimentin and smooth muscle actin). Supplementation of cultures with Y-27632 allowed for unlimited expansion whilst sustaining an epithelial phenotype. Early passage pAECs readily produced differentiated air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures with a capacity for mucociliary differentiation retained after substantial expansion, strongly modulated by the culture condition applied. Primary pAECs will be a useful tool to further respiratory-oriented research whilst RI-expanded pAECs are a promising tool, particularly with further optimisation of culture conditions.
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Smolyakova EV, Skoblov YS, Skoblova NA, Agapova OY, Ambatiello LG, Klimova AA, Kuznetsova TV, Masenko VP, Nistor SY, Rvacheva AV, Chazova IE, Zykov KA. Specificity and Selectivity of a Modified Radioligand Method for Estimating the Binding Activity of β1 Adrenergic Receptors in Human T Lymphocytes. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162019020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Agapova OY, Skoblov YS, Zykov KA, Rvacheva AV, Beilina VB, Masenko VP, Chazova IE. [Radioligand Method of Assessment of β-Adrenoceptor's Activity on Human T-Lymphocytes]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016; 41:592-8. [PMID: 26762097 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162015050027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We proposed a new method of evaluation of beta-receptor's activity on the surface of human T-lymphocytes based on the radioligand method. Optimal conditions for evaluation of specific binding to β2-adrenoceptors of 0.5 fmol ligand per 1 million cells using [125I]-cyanopindolol were found. The possibility of using of β2-adrenoceptor's activity assessment in clinical settings was demonstrated on human T-lymphocyte.
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Frellstedt L, Gosset P, Kervoaze G, Hans A, Desmet C, Pirottin D, Bureau F, Lekeux P, Art T. The innate immune response of equine bronchial epithelial cells is altered by training. Vet Res 2015; 46:3. [PMID: 25595212 PMCID: PMC4297379 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-014-0126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases, including inflammatory airway disease (IAD), viral and bacterial infections, are common problems in exercising horses. The airway epithelium constitutes a major physical barrier against airborne infections and plays an essential role in the lung innate immune response mainly through toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. The aim of this study was to develop a model for the culture of equine bronchial epithelial cells (EBEC) in vitro and to explore EBEC innate immune responses in trained horses. Bronchial epithelial biopsies were taken from 6 adult horses during lower airway endoscopy. EBEC were grown in vitro by an explant method. The innate immune response of EBEC was evaluated in vitro by treatment with TLR ligands. TLR3 is the most strongly expressed TLR at the mRNA level in EBEC and stimulation of EBEC with Poly(I:C), an analog of viral dsRNA, triggers a strong secretion of IFN-β, TNF-α, IL-6 and CXCL8. We further evaluated the EBEC innate immune response in horses that underwent a 4-month-training program. While training had no effect on TLR mRNA expression in EBEC as well as in bronchial biopsies, it increased the production of IFN-β after stimulation with a TLR3 ligand and decreased the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 after stimulation with a TLR2 and TLR3 ligand. These findings may be implicated in the increased risk for viral and bacterial infections observed in sport horses. Altogether, we report a successful model for the culture of EBEC that can be applied to the investigation of pathophysiologic conditions in longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Frellstedt
- Center of Equine Sports Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
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Li YF, Jiang ZL, Cao FF, Liu F. Effects of olmesartan therapy on the expression of lung adrenoceptors in rats with chronic heart failure. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2014; 16:6-12. [PMID: 25487981 DOI: 10.1177/1470320314557848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adrenergic receptors (AR) play important roles in regulating lung function. However, there are few reports concerning AR expression and the protective effect of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) on the lung in chronic heart failure (CHF). In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of the ARB olmesartan on the lung in CHF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control, sham-operated rats, rats with CHF induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary arteries, and rats with CHF treated with olmesartan (1 mg/kg) once daily for 8 weeks. Heart function, plasma renin activity (PRA) and angiotensin II (Ang II) levels, lung microscopic structure inspection and mRNA and protein expressions of α1A-, β1- and β2-AR in lung were tested. RESULTS Compared with the CHF group, PRA and Ang II levels were decreased while heart function and mRNA and protein expression of α1A-AR, β1-AR and β2-AR were up-regulated in the olmesartan group (p<0.05 or p<0.01). The inflammation and cell proliferation in CHF lung tissue were reduced in the olmesartan group. CONCLUSION Olmesartan may play a beneficial role in protecting lung in CHF by up-regulating AR and decreasing levels of PRA and Ang II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Li
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, China
| | - Z L Jiang
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, China
| | - F F Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - F Liu
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, China
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Franke J, Abraham G. Concomitant inhibition of primary equine bronchial fibroblast proliferation and differentiation by selective β2-adrenoceptor agonists and dexamethasone. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 741:205-13. [PMID: 25128704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Altered airway cell proliferation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of human bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as well as the equine recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) with consistent changes, i.e. narrowing the airway wall, explained by proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts. In permanent cell lines, it has been suggested that β2-adrenoceptor agonists and glucocorticoids regulate cell proliferation via the β2-adrenoceptor pathway; indeed, no study was carried out in fresh isolated primary equine bronchial fibroblasts (EBF). We characterized the β-adrenoceptors in EBF, and compared effects of long-acting (clenbuterol) and short-acting (salbutamol and isoproterenol) β2-agonists and dexamethasone on proliferation, differentiation and collagen synthesis. High density (Bmax; 5037±494 sites/cell) of β2-adrenoceptor subtype was expressed in EBF. β2-agonists inhibited concentration-dependently EBF proliferation with potency of clenbuterol>salbutamol »isoproterenol which was inhibited by ICI 118.551 and propranolol but not by CGP 20712A. In contrast, dexamethasone alone inhibited less EBF proliferation, but the effect was high when dexamethasone was combined with β2-agonists. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) increased transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, which was inhibited by clenbuterol and dexamethasone alone and drug combination resulted in high inhibition rate. Collagen synthesis in EBF was rather hampered by dexamethasone than by β-agonists. Collectively, the expression of β2-adrenoceptor subtype in EBF and the anti-proliferative effect of clenbuterol suggest that β2-adrenoceptors are growth inhibitory and anti-fibrotic in EBF. These β2-agonist effects in EBF were synergistically enhanced by dexamethasone, providing the additive effects of glucocorticoids to counteract airway remodelling and morbidity of asthma and RAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Franke
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Getu Abraham
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Oehme S, Mittag A, Schrödl W, Tarnok A, Nieber K, Abraham G. Agonist-induced β2-adrenoceptor desensitization and downregulation enhance pro-inflammatory cytokine release in human bronchial epithelial cells. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2014; 30:110-20. [PMID: 24915152 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It is not clear whether increased asthma severity associated with long-term use of β2-adrenoceptor (β2-AR) agonists can be attributed to receptor degradation and increased inflammation. We investigated the cross-talk between β-AR agonist-mediated effects on β2-AR function and expression and cytokine release in human bronchial epithelial cells. In 16HBE14o(-) cells grown in the presence and absence of β-AR agonists and/or antagonists, the β2-AR density was assessed by radioligand binding; the receptor protein and mRNA was determined using laser scanning cytometer and RT-PCR; cAMP generation, the cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 release were determined using AlphaScreen Assay and ELISA, respectively. Isoprenaline (ISO) and salbutamol (Salbu) induced a concentration- and time-dependent significant decrease in β2-AR density. Both Salbu and ISO reduced cAMP generation in a concentration-dependent manner while in same cell culture the IL-6 and IL-8 release was significantly enhanced. These effects were antagonized to a greater extent by ICI 118.551 than by propranolol, but CGP 20712A had no effect. Reduction of the β2-AR protein and mRNA could be seen when cells were treated with ISO for 24 h. Our findings indicate a direct link between cytokine release and altered β2-AR expression and function in airway epithelial cells. β2-AR desensitization and downregulation induced by long-term treatment with β2-AR agonists during asthma may account for adverse reactions also due to enhanced release of pro-inflammatory mediators and should, thus, be considered in asthma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Oehme
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Mittag
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Heart Centre and Translational Centre Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Schrödl
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Attila Tarnok
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Heart Centre and Translational Centre Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karen Nieber
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Getu Abraham
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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