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Grover S, Narang RK, Singh S. GABA-transaminase: A Key Player and Potential Therapeutic Target for Neurological Disorders. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:57-67. [PMID: 38243961 DOI: 10.2174/0118715249267700231116053516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Neurological disorders such as epilepsy, autism, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease alter brain functions like cognition, mood, movements, and language, severely compromising the well-being of persons, suffering from their negative effects. The neurotransmitters (GABA, glutamate, norepinephrine, dopamine) are found to be involved in neuronal signaling and neurotransmission. GABA, a "commanding neurotransmitter" is directly or indirectly associated with various neurological disorders. GABA is metabolized to succinic semialdehyde by a mitochondrial gamma-aminobutyric acid-transaminase (GABA-T) enzyme. Therefore, the alterations in the GABA performance in the distinct regions of the brain via GABA-T overstimulation or inhibition would play a vital role in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders. This review emphasizes the leading participation of GABA-T in neurological disorders like Huntington's disease, epilepsy, autism, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis. In Huntington's disease, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis, the surfeited performance of GABA-T results in diminished levels of GABA, whereas in autism, the subsidence of GABA-T activity causes the elevation in GABA contents, which is responsible for behavioral changes in these disorders. Therefore, GABA-T inhibitors (in Huntington's disease, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis) or agonists (in autism) can be used therapeutically. In the context of Alzheimer's disease, some researchers favor the stimulation of GABA-T activity whereas some disagree with it. Therefore, the activity of GABA-T concerning Alzheimer's disease is still unclear. In this way, studies of GABA-T enzymatic activity in contrast to neurological disorders could be undertaken to understand and be considered a therapeutic target for several GABA-ergic CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sania Grover
- Department of Pharmacology, Indo Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Raj Kumar Narang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), Moga-142001, Punjab, India
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Yan J, Duan Y, Cheng M. Clinical Diagnostic Value of Serum GABA, NE, ET-1, and VEGF in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:1803-1813. [PMID: 37621655 PMCID: PMC10445639 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s418478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is the one of the most common complications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Whereas, the associated diagnostic factors are uncertain. The present study aims to investigate useful diagnostic factors in patients with COPD and PH (COPD-PH). Patients and Methods A total of 111 patients with COPD in Shanxi Bethune Hospital from December 2019 to December 2020 were divided into COPD (PASP≤50 mmHg) and COPD-PH groups (PASP>50 mmHg). Pulmonary function and chest CT results were collected. Routine blood, biochemical, and blood coagulation function indices were examined for all patients. Arterial blood gas analysis and serum cytokines were also measured. Differences in the distribution of the above indicators between the two groups were analyzed using binary logistic regression analysis to identify the risk factors of COPD-PH, and multiple linear regression analysis to determine the factors affecting PASP. The influencing factors and joint predictive factors of the above linear regression analysis were analyzed using the ROC curve. The area under the curve and the best cut-off value were calculated, and their predictive value and clinical significance in disease diagnosis were discussed. Results A total of 27 indexes with statistically significant differences between the two groups were identified (P < 0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors influencing the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension were serum GABA, NE, VEGF, BUN, and LYM% levels (P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that the factors influencing PASP were serum NE, ET-1, GABA, and VEGF levels, and the goodness of fit of the model was 0.748 (P < 0.001). ROC curve showed that the AUC of the combined diagnosis of serum NE, ET-1, GABA, and VEGF levels was 0.966 (sensitivity, 87.5%; specificity, 93.65%). Conclusion Serum NE and ET-1 are risk factors for COPD-PH, whereas serum GABA and VEGF are protective factors against COPD-PH. The combined diagnostic value of serum NE, ET-1, GABA, and VEGF levels was the highest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lvliang People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Lvliang City, Shanxi Province, 033000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajing Duan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Emergency Medicine Research Institute, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300192, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030032, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People’s Republic of China
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Simpson CE, Ambade AS, Harlan R, Roux A, Graham D, Klauer N, Tuhy T, Kolb TM, Suresh K, Hassoun PM, Damico RL. Spatial and temporal resolution of metabolic dysregulation in the Sugen hypoxia model of pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2023; 13:e12260. [PMID: 37404901 PMCID: PMC10315560 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although PAH is partially attributed to disordered metabolism, previous human studies have mostly examined circulating metabolites at a single time point, potentially overlooking crucial disease biology. Current knowledge gaps include an understanding of temporal changes that occur within and across relevant tissues, and whether observed metabolic changes might contribute to disease pathobiology. We utilized targeted tissue metabolomics in the Sugen hypoxia (SuHx) rodent model to investigate tissue-specific metabolic relationships with pulmonary hypertensive features over time using regression modeling and time-series analysis. Our hypotheses were that some metabolic changes would precede phenotypic changes, and that examining metabolic interactions across heart, lung, and liver tissues would yield insight into interconnected metabolic mechanisms. To support the relevance of our findings, we sought to establish links between SuHx tissue metabolomics and human PAH -omics data using bioinformatic predictions. Metabolic differences between and within tissue types were evident by Day 7 postinduction, demonstrating distinct tissue-specific metabolism in experimental pulmonary hypertension. Various metabolites demonstrated significant tissue-specific associations with hemodynamics and RV remodeling. Individual metabolite profiles were dynamic, and some metabolic shifts temporally preceded the emergence of overt pulmonary hypertension and RV remodeling. Metabolic interactions were observed such that abundance of several liver metabolites modulated lung and RV metabolite-phenotype relationships. Taken all together, regression analyses, pathway analyses and time-series analyses implicated aspartate and glutamate signaling and transport, glycine homeostasis, lung nucleotide abundance, and oxidative stress as relevant to early PAH pathobiology. These findings offer valuable insights into potential targets for early intervention in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E. Simpson
- Johns Hopkins University Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Anjira S. Ambade
- Johns Hopkins University Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Robert Harlan
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital Molecular Determinants CoreSt. PetersburgFloridaUSA
| | - Aurelie Roux
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital Molecular Determinants CoreSt. PetersburgFloridaUSA
| | - David Graham
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital Molecular Determinants CoreSt. PetersburgFloridaUSA
| | - Neal Klauer
- Johns Hopkins University Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Tijana Tuhy
- Johns Hopkins University Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Todd M. Kolb
- Johns Hopkins University Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Karthik Suresh
- Johns Hopkins University Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Paul M. Hassoun
- Johns Hopkins University Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Rachel L. Damico
- Johns Hopkins University Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Role of succinic acid in the regulation of sepsis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109065. [PMID: 35853278 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening disease characterized by a defensive response to damage. The immune response in patients with sepsis is overenhanced in the early stages and suppressed in the later stages, leading to poor prognosis. Metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic changes play a role in sepsis. Metabolic intermediates such as elevated succinic acid levels are significantly altered in patients with sepsis. Succinic acid, a metabolic intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, participates in energy supply and plays a role in metabolic reprogramming. Simultaneously, as an epigenetic regulator, it participates in gene transcription, translation, and post-translational modifications. It also participates in the inflammatory response, hypoxia, and the production of reactive oxygen species via endocrine and paracrine pathways. In this review, we have discussed the effects of succinic acid on sepsis and its therapeutic potential.
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Shinoda M, Saku K, Oga Y, Tohyama T, Nishikawa T, Abe K, Yoshida K, Kuwabara Y, Fujii K, Ishikawa T, Kishi T, Sunagawa K, Tsutsui H. Suppressed baroreflex peripheral arc overwhelms augmented neural arc and incapacitates baroreflex function in rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:1164-1178. [PMID: 31140668 DOI: 10.1113/ep087253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? The impact of pulmonary arterial hypertension on open-loop baroreflex function, which determines how powerfully and rapidly the baroreflex operates to regulate arterial pressure, remains poorly understood. What is the main finding and its importance? The gain of the baroreflex total arc, indicating the baroreflex pressure-stabilizing function, is markedly attenuated in rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. This is caused by a rightward shift of the baroreflex neural arc and a downward shift of the peripheral arc. These findings contribute greatly to our understanding of arterial pressure regulation by the sympathetic nervous system in pulmonary arterial hypertension. ABSTRACT Sympathoexcitation has been documented in patients with established pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Although the arterial baroreflex is the main negative feedback regulator of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), the way in which PAH impacts baroreflex function remains poorly understood. In this study, we conducted baroreflex open-loop analysis in a rat model of PAH. Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with monocrotaline (MCT) s.c. to induce PAH (60 mg kg-1 ; n = 11) or saline as a control group (CTL; n = 8). At 3.5 weeks after MCT injection, bilateral carotid sinuses were isolated, and intrasinus pressure (CSP) was controlled while SNA at the coeliac ganglia and arterial pressure (AP) were recorded. To examine the static baroreflex function, CSP was increased stepwise while steady-state AP (total arc) and SNA (neural arc) responses to CSP and the AP response to SNA (peripheral arc) were measured. Monocrotaline significantly decreased the static gain of the baroreflex total arc at the operating AP compared with CTL (-0.80 ± 0.31 versus -0.22 ± 0.22, P < 0.05). Given that MCT markedly increased plasma noradrenaline, an index of SNA, by approximately 3.6-fold compared with CTL, calibrating SNA by plasma noradrenaline revealed that MCT shifted the neural arc to a higher SNA level and shifted the peripheral arc downwards. Monocrotaline also decreased the dynamic gain of the baroreflex total arc (-0.79 ± 0.16 versus -0.35 ± 0.17, P < 0.05), while the corner frequencies that reflect the speed of the baroreflex remained unchanged (0.06 ± 0.02 versus 0.08 ± 0.02 Hz, n.s.). In rats with MCT-induced PAH, the suppressed baroreflex peripheral arc overwhelms the augmented neural arc and, in turn, attenuates the gain of the total arc, which determines the pressure-stabilizing capacity of the baroreflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Shinoda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keita Saku
- Department of Advanced Risk Stratification for Cardiovascular Diseases, Center for Disruptive Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Oga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tohyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuya Nishikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keimei Yoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukimitsu Kuwabara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kana Fujii
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohito Ishikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuya Kishi
- Department of Advanced Risk Stratification for Cardiovascular Diseases, Center for Disruptive Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Sunagawa
- Department of Therapeutic Regulation of Cardiovascular Homeostasis, Center for Disruptive Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Xie M, Chen H, Nie S, Tong W, Yin J, Xie M. Gastroprotective effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 272:125-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Deidda M, Piras C, Cadeddu Dessalvi C, Locci E, Barberini L, Orofino S, Musu M, Mura MN, Manconi PE, Finco G, Atzori L, Mercuro G. Distinctive metabolomic fingerprint in scleroderma patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Int J Cardiol 2017; 241:401-406. [PMID: 28476520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in systemic sclerosis (SS) identifies a poor prognosis subset of patients. Recent studies suggested a "metabolic theory" on the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. On this basis we performed a metabolomic study in order to evaluate whether differences in pulmonary arterial blood metabolites were identifiable in SS patients with increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). METHODS We studied 18 SS patients (age 58.7±15.6years) free of pulmonary fibrosis who underwent a right heart catheterization (RHC). A blood sample was collected during the RHC in the distal peripheral circulation of the pulmonary arteries to perform the metabolomic analysis. RESULTS Based on PVR we divided the population into Group A (n=8; PVR=1.16±0.23WU) and Group B (n=10; PVR=2.67±0.67WU; p<0.001 vs Group A). No significant differences were identified in terms of anthropometric, clinical, echo and therapeutic characteristics. At RHC the 2 groups showed a difference in mean pulmonary pressure values (Group A: 20±4mmHg; Group B: 27±3.4mmHg; p=0.03), with mild PAH in Group B. We applied an OSC-PLS-DA with a clear clusterization; SSc patients with PAH showed an increase in acetate, alanine, lactate, and lipoprotein levels and a decrease in γ-aminobutyrate, arginine, betaine, choline, creatine, creatinine, glucose, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, histidine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine levels CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that, despite similar clinical and disease-related parameters, SSc patients who develop PAH have an unfavorable metabolic profile able to cause an impaired production of metabolites with protective effects on endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martino Deidda
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Piras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Christian Cadeddu Dessalvi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Emanuela Locci
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luigi Barberini
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Susanne Orofino
- Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Cagliari, 09128, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mario Musu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mario Nicola Mura
- Department of Internal Medicine, AOU di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Emilio Manconi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Finco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luigi Atzori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mercuro
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
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