1
|
Strano CM, Bosco L, Laurini C, Sferruzza G, Butera C, Falzone YM, Sorrenti B, Ratti A, Tufano L, Leonardi L, Merlonghi G, Morino S, Gerevini S, Del Carro U, Garibaldi M, Filippi M, Previtali SC. Muscle hypertrophy following acquired neurogenic injury: systematic review and analysis of existing literature. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024. [PMID: 39030749 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.52133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neurogenic muscle hypertrophy (NMH) is a rare condition characterized by focal muscle hypertrophy caused by chronic partial nervous injury. Given its infrequency, underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Inspired by two clinical cases, we conducted a systematic review to gain insights into the different aspects of NMH. METHODS We systematically searched online databases up until May 30, 2023, for reports of muscle hypertrophy attributed to acquired neurogenic factors. We conducted an exploratory analysis to identify commonly associated features. We also report two representative clinical cases. RESULTS Our search identified 63 reports, describing 93 NMH cases, to which we added our two cases. NMH predominantly affects patients with compressive radiculopathy (68.4%), negligible muscular weakness (93.3%), and a chronic increase in muscle bulk. A striking finding in most neurophysiological studies (60.0%) is profuse spontaneous discharges, often hindering the analysis of voluntary traces. Some patients exhibited features consistent with more significant muscle damage, including higher creatine phosphokinase levels, muscle pain, and inflammatory muscle infiltration. These patients are sometimes referred to in literature as "focal myositis." Treatment encompassed corticosteroid, Botulinum Toxin A, decompressive surgery, antiepileptic medications, and nerve blocks, demonstrating varying degrees of efficacy. Botulinum Toxin A yielded the most favorable response in terms of reducing spontaneous discharges. INTERPRETATION This systematic review aims to provide a clear description and categorization of this uncommon presentation of an often-overlooked neurological disorder. Though questions remain about the underlying mechanism, evidence suggests that aberrant fiber overstimulation along with increased workload that promotes focal damage may result in muscle hypertrophy. This may serve as a guide for therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Mm Strano
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neuromuscular Repair Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Bosco
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neuromuscular Repair Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Laurini
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Sferruzza
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Butera
- Neurophysiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Yuri M Falzone
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neuromuscular Repair Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Sorrenti
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Adele Ratti
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Tufano
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Leonardi
- Neurophysiology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gloria Merlonghi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Ubaldo Del Carro
- Neurophysiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Garibaldi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Neurophysiology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neurophysiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano C Previtali
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neuromuscular Repair Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hynes JP, Glynn D, Eustace SJ. Denervation pseudo hypertrophy of the calf: An important cause of lower limb swelling. Radiol Case Rep 2022; 17:1702-1704. [PMID: 35345565 PMCID: PMC8956883 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Denervation pseudohypertrophy is an uncommon cause of limb swelling, which may be overlooked. It is an important diagnosis to arrive at, as it instructs the search for an underlying cause which may itself require intervention. We present the case of a 32-year-old male rugby player with a 2-year history of left calf swelling and intermittent pain and tightness. He described a previous history of 2 left sided lumbar micro-discectomy surgeries. There was no tenderness or sensory deficit on examination. MRI of the left calf revealed muscular enlargement, with fat interspersed between the muscle fibers, in keeping with pseudohypertrophy. This has a number of causes, in this cause attributed to lumbar radiculopathy. This case highlights a rare but important cause of limb swelling which should be considered in the workup of a unilateral swollen limb.
Collapse
|
3
|
Bourque PR, Rakhra KS, Zwicker J, Pringle CE, Warman-Chardon J. Pseudohypertrophy of the extensor digitorum brevis in diabetic polyneuropathy. Muscle Nerve 2021; 64:E20-E22. [PMID: 34296440 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre R Bourque
- The Ottawa Hospital and Neuromuscular Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kawan S Rakhra
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Zwicker
- The Ottawa Hospital and Neuromuscular Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine E Pringle
- The Ottawa Hospital and Neuromuscular Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jodi Warman-Chardon
- The Ottawa Hospital and Neuromuscular Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tocaciu S, Irons SM, McMillan B. Jugular foramen tumour resulting in hypoglossal denervation pseudohypertrophy: a rare and significant cause for tongue asymmetry. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 48:23-27. [PMID: 29843952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Paragangliomas of the jugular foramen are rare. They may present with symptoms of compression of the glossopharyngeal or vagus nerves, or due to secretion of catecholamines from chromaffin cells within the tumour. This case describes a rare presentation of glomus tumour. A 67-year-old patient presented with a 2-month history of right-sided tongue swelling. She was found to have an obvious swelling on the right side of the tongue but no obvious weakness or fasciculation on initial examination. Ultrasound confirmed diffuse muscle swelling, but no lesion within the tongue. Magnetic resonance imaging of the neck revealed an ipsilateral glomus jugulare tumour that extended to the hypoglossal canal, and had resulted in ipsilateral denervation pseudohypertrophy of the lingual muscles. This paper reviews presentation of glomus jugulare tumours and contributes a novel presentation of a rare entity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Tocaciu
- Oral and Maxillofacial Unit, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia.
| | - S M Irons
- Radiology Department, Frankston Private Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - B McMillan
- Oral and Maxillofacial Unit, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|