Bridwell RE, Long B, Ramzy M, Gottlieb M. Balloon Tamponade for the Management of Gastrointestinal Bleeding.
J Emerg Med 2022;
62:545-558. [PMID:
35065859 DOI:
10.1016/j.jemermed.2021.11.004]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Acute gastrointestinal bleeding is a potentially life-threatening condition that requires rapid intervention. In critically ill patients who are refractory to other therapies, balloon tamponade devices can be lifesaving.
OBJECTIVE
We provide a review of balloon tamponade devices for gastric and esophageal variceal bleeding for emergency clinicians.
DISCUSSION
Balloon tamponade is intended for hemodynamically unstable patients with massive gastrointestinal bleeding and inability to perform endoscopy, failed endoscopy, delay in endoscopy, or the need to stabilize before transfer. There are 3 main tamponade devices: the Linton-Nachlas tube, the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube, and the Minnesota tube. Each tamponade device has some unique features including the number of balloons and ports. We describe the technique with pearls and pitfalls for placement.
CONCLUSIONS
It is essential for emergency physicians to be familiar with balloon tamponade for acute gastrointestinal bleeding. We review the common balloon tamponade devices, and this article is intended to serve as a resource for those interested in expanding their knowledge of balloon tamponade. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.
Collapse