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Gray J, Cartmill C, Whitehead C. Playing well with others: lessons from theatre for the health professions about collaboration, creativity and community. ADVANCES IN HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION : THEORY AND PRACTICE 2024:10.1007/s10459-024-10314-6. [PMID: 38411869 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-024-10314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Despite collaboration among different professions being recognized as fundamentally important to contemporary and future healthcare practice, the concept is woefully undertheorized. This has implications for how health professions educators might best introduce students to interprofessional collaboration and support their transition into interprofessional, collaborative workplaces. To address this, we engage in a conceptual analysis of published collaborative, interprofessional practices and conceptual understandings in theatre, as a highly collaborative art form and industry, to advance thinking in the health professions, specifically to inform interprofessional education. Our analysis advances a conceptualization of collaboration that takes place within a work culture of creativity and community, that includes four modes of collaboration, or the ways theatre practitioners collaborate, by: (1) paying attention to and traversing roles and hierarchies; (2) engaging in reciprocal listening and challenging of others; (3) developing trust and communication, and; (4) navigating uncertainty, risk and failure. We conclude by inviting those working in the health professions to consider what might be gleaned from our conceptualization, where the embodied and human-centred aspects of working together are attended to alongside structural and organizational aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Gray
- Centre for Critical Qualitative Health Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Carrie Cartmill
- The Wilson Centre, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, and University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, 1ES-559, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Cynthia Whitehead
- The Wilson Centre, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, and University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, 1ES-559, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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Parra DA, Gladkikh M, Jones LM. Factors influencing teamwork in healthcare applicable to interventional and diagnostic radiology. Clin Radiol 2023; 78:897-903. [PMID: 37813757 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Teamwork in healthcare has been analysed extensively in the literature, mainly in acute healthcare settings such as the operating room, emergency room, and intensive care unit, with limited evidence related to diagnostic and interventional radiology. Multiple factors that affect teamwork in different domains have been described, such as communication, hierarchy, and distractions. Teamwork is an important patient safety, job satisfaction and patient outcome determinant, with interprofessional and interdisciplinary healthcare education playing a relevant role in the different domains affecting team performance. The aim of this article is to review the literature to describe domains and specific factors that influence teamwork in diagnostic and interventional radiology practice. This is of particular interest for radiologist involved in quality improvement and/or patient safety initiatives development and implementation. The review will conclude with a summary table highlighting the most important factors that, according to the authors, appear relevant to the radiology practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Parra
- Division of Image Guided Therapy, Diagnostic Imaging Department, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - M Gladkikh
- Diagnostic Imaging, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - L M Jones
- Centre for Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Kyle RG, Bastow F, Harper-McDonald B, Jeram T, Zahid Z, Nizamuddin M, Mahoney C. Effects of student-led drama on nursing students' attitudes to interprofessional working and nursing advocacy: A pre-test post-test educational intervention study. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2023; 123:105743. [PMID: 36764036 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2023.105743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing educators need to equip students to work in interprofessional teams and advocate for patients in increasingly integrated health and social care settings. Drama-based education has been used in nursing to help students understand complex concepts and practices, including communication, empathy, and patient safety. However, few studies have evaluated drama-based education to promote understanding of interprofessional care and advocacy, and none have involved student-led drama where students create dramatic performances to support learning. OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of student-led drama on student nurses' attitudes to interprofessional working and advocacy. DESIGN Pre-test post-test educational intervention study. SETTINGS Public university in Scotland. PARTICIPANTS 400 undergraduate student nurses enrolled on a 15-week module focussed on health and social care integration and interprofessional working. METHODS Students completed paper questionnaires at the start (n = 274, response rate: 80.1 %) and end (n = 175, 63.9 %) of the module. Outcome measures were the validated Attitudes Towards Healthcare Teams Scale (ATHCTS) and Protective Nursing Advocacy Scale (PNAS). Change in mean ATHCTS and PNAS scores were assessed using paired samples t-tests, with Cohen's d to estimate effect size. RESULTS ATHCTS scores significantly increased from 3.87 to 4.19 (p < 0.001, d = 0.52). PNAS scores increased from 3.58 to 3.81 (p < 0.001, d = 0.79), with significant improvements in the 'acting as an advocate' (4.18 to 4.51, p < 0.001, d = 0.81) and 'environmental and educational influences' subscales (3.79 to 4.13, p < 0.001, d = 0.75). Statements focussed on promoting holistic, dignified care and enabling health professionals to be responsive to emotional and financial needs of patients, showed greatest change. CONCLUSIONS Education based on plays created and performed by student nurses led to significant improvements in student nurses' attitudes towards interprofessional working and nursing advocacy. Student-led drama should be embedded in nursing curricula to enable students to understand the realities and complexities of health and social care integration and interprofessional working.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Kyle
- Academy of Nursing, Department of Health and Care Professions, University of Exeter, UK.
| | - Fiona Bastow
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, UK
| | | | - Trisha Jeram
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, UK
| | - Zahida Zahid
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, UK
| | - Maira Nizamuddin
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, UK
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Jabin MSR, Schultz T, Mandel C, Bessen T, Hibbert P, Wiles L, Runciman W. A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review of the Effectiveness and Experiences of Quality Improvement Interventions in Radiology. J Patient Saf 2022; 18:e97-e107. [PMID: 32433438 DOI: 10.1097/pts.0000000000000709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compile and synthesize evidence regarding the effectiveness of quality improvement interventions in radiology and the experiences and perspectives of staff and patients. METHODS Databases searched for both published and unpublished studies were as follows: EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Joanna Briggs Institute, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, Mednar, Trove, Google Gray, OCLC WorldCat, and Dissertations and Theses. This review included both qualitative and quantitative studies of patients undergoing radiological examinations and/or medical imaging health care professionals; a broad range of quality improvement interventions including introduction of health information technology, effects of training and education, improved reporting, safety programs, and medical devices; the experiences and perspectives of staff and patients; context of radiological setting; a broad range of outcomes including patient safety; and a result-based convergent synthesis design. RESULTS Eighteen studies were selected from 4846 identified by a systematic literature search. Five groups of interventions were identified: health information technology (n = 6), training and education (n = 6), immediate and critical reporting (n = 3), safety programs (n = 2), and the introduction of mobile radiography (n = 1), with demonstrated improvements in outcomes, such as improved operational and workflow efficiency, report turnaround time, and teamwork and communication. CONCLUSIONS The findings were constrained by the limited range of interventions and outcome measures. Further research should be conducted with study designs that might produce findings that are more generalizable, examine the other dimensions of quality, and address the issues of cost and risk versus benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim Schultz
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Catherine Mandel
- Swinburne Neuroimaging, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Taryn Bessen
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australian Medical Imaging, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Peter Hibbert
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Louise Wiles
- From the Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia
| | - William Runciman
- Australian Patient Safety Foundation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Van Bewer V, Woodgate RL, Martin D, Deer F. Exploring Theatre of the Oppressed and Forum Theatre as pedagogies in nursing education. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2021; 103:104940. [PMID: 33962186 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concepts such as racism, oppression and social justice are critical curricular inclusions in nursing education. However, traditional approaches to nursing education often fail to produce the desired reflection and change amongst students. There is an urgent need to develop nursing educators that can step outside the rigidity of the curricular status quo and engage students with pedagogies that support critical reflection, analysis and action. Participatory, experiential and interactive theatrical methods rooted in critical pedagogy, such as Theatre of the Oppressed (TO) and Forum Theatre (FT) may prove more effective at engendering reflection, analysis and action. OBJECTIVES The study explores health care providers' (including nurses, nurse educators and allied health professionals) and nursing students' experiences, reflections and usefulness of TO and FT as nursing pedagogies. DESIGN Influenced by Freire's Pedagogy of the Oppressed and Boal's Theatre of the Oppressed, this study was conducted on a Western Canadian university campus. Two groups participated: one that included health care providers (HCP) (n = 8) and the second that included an audience of nursing educators and students (n = 7). HCPs participated in a two-day TO workshop, while nursing students participated as audience members in the FT performance. The data were drawn from sharing circles and group discussions and were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS The findings from HCPs revealed that TO represents an opportunity for reflection and growth; strengthening relationships; and practicing vulnerability. Given that students only participated as audience members, they described practical applications for using TO and FT as pedagogies in nursing education including in simulation and in theory-based courses. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that TO and FT can play an important role in supporting HCPs' development as critical educators through embodied and reflective practice and that nursing students endorse the application of TO and FT in a broad range of learning contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Van Bewer
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Roberta L Woodgate
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Donna Martin
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Frank Deer
- Faculty of Education, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Jefferies D, Glew P, Karhani Z, McNally S, Ramjan LM. The educational benefits of drama in nursing education: A critical literature review. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2021; 98:104669. [PMID: 33303248 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increasing use of technology in nursing, the importance of interpersonal skills can often be forgotten. Patient safety can also be compromised if these skills are not emphasised in nursing education. OBJECTIVES This review explores how drama in undergraduate and postgraduate nursing education can enhance the development of interpersonal skills such as empathy, emotional intelligence and communication. DESIGN A critical review of qualitative literature. DATA SOURCES Seven databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, Eric, Psycinfo, and databases dedicated to the Arts, Modern Language Association (MLA) and JSTOR were searched. REVIEW METHODS Studies were screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data from studies selected for the review were extracted using a summary table and a thematic analysis was conducted to identify major themes to answer the research question. RESULTS 1275 studies were identified. Following a rigorous screening process, 29 studies met the inclusion criteria and were critically appraised using the CASP tool. Of the 29 studies, 17 were excluded due to their methodological quality. A final 12 studies were included in this review. Four themes demonstrated the value of drama in nursing education. These were an understanding of the patient experience, the development of professional identity, the enhancement of communication skills and increased self-reflection and critical thinking. CONCLUSIONS Interpersonal skills are at the core of nursing and educational interventions that use drama can enhance the development of these skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Jefferies
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1751, Penrith 2751, NSW, Australia.
| | - Paul Glew
- Western Sydney University, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Zynab Karhani
- Western Sydney University, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Stephen McNally
- Western Sydney University, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Lucie M Ramjan
- Western Sydney University, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
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Vandermause R, Fish AF, Bender A, Kuensting L, Murphy N, Lavin R. The "seeing place": Teaching nurse practitioners about cultural difference through dramatization. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2021; 97:104689. [PMID: 33302185 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of dramatization in health professional education is one method to teach students about implicit bias and cultural difference, yet it has not been widely studied among graduate students of nursing. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this article is to present a qualitative analysis of data regarding doctoral nursing students' responses to a new dramatic exercise as part of a funded project to facilitate cultural learning in a diversity-enhanced nursing curriculum. DESIGN We employed a cross-sectional posttest design with qualitative data collection and hermeneutic analysis. Setting and. PARTICIPANTS Subjects were students from two cohorts in a Doctor of Nursing Practice program at a large metropolitan university in the Midwestern United States (n = 136). METHODS Following a dramatic exercise facilitated by a local theatre group, students debriefed and provided feedback via paper-based surveys collected by their instructor. The research team reviewed and analyzed student feedback with an eye toward new learning or insights around cultural difference. RESULTS Students rated the dramatic exercise highly. Their written feedback provided for a deeper exploration of how they internalized messages about cultural difference. These experiences were thematized in the following way: (a) Awareness is facilitated through integrating nonverbal (kinesthetic) and verbal encounters, (b) Hesitancy to participate in unfamiliar activities creates tension, and (c) Safety is a foundational aspect of learning sensitive issues. CONCLUSION Dramatization of culturally sensitive scenarios for advanced practice nurses can lead to new understanding. Educators who understand the need for thoughtful introduction of dramatization experiences can better prepare nurses for interaction in cross-cultural clinical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne F Fish
- College of Nursing, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Annah Bender
- College of Nursing, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Laura Kuensting
- College of Nursing, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Natalie Murphy
- College of Nursing, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Roberta Lavin
- College of Nursing, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Buljac-Samardzic M, Doekhie KD, van Wijngaarden JDH. Interventions to improve team effectiveness within health care: a systematic review of the past decade. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2020; 18:2. [PMID: 31915007 PMCID: PMC6950792 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-019-0411-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high variety of team interventions aims to improve team performance outcomes. In 2008, we conducted a systematic review to provide an overview of the scientific studies focused on these interventions. However, over the past decade, the literature on team interventions has rapidly evolved. An updated overview is therefore required, and it will focus on all possible team interventions without restrictions to a type of intervention, setting, or research design. OBJECTIVES To review the literature from the past decade on interventions with the goal of improving team effectiveness within healthcare organizations and identify the "evidence base" levels of the research. METHODS Seven major databases were systematically searched for relevant articles published between 2008 and July 2018. Of the original search yield of 6025 studies, 297 studies met the inclusion criteria according to three independent authors and were subsequently included for analysis. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Scale was used to assess the level of empirical evidence. RESULTS Three types of interventions were distinguished: (1) Training, which is sub-divided into training that is based on predefined principles (i.e. CRM: crew resource management and TeamSTEPPS: Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety), on a specific method (i.e. simulation), or on general team training. (2) Tools covers tools that structure (i.e. SBAR: Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation, (de)briefing checklists, and rounds), facilitate (through communication technology), or trigger (through monitoring and feedback) teamwork. (3) Organizational (re)design is about (re)designing structures to stimulate team processes and team functioning. (4) A programme is a combination of the previous types. The majority of studies evaluated a training focused on the (acute) hospital care setting. Most of the evaluated interventions focused on improving non-technical skills and provided evidence of improvements. CONCLUSION Over the last decade, the number of studies on team interventions has increased exponentially. At the same time, research tends to focus on certain interventions, settings, and/or outcomes. Principle-based training (i.e. CRM and TeamSTEPPS) and simulation-based training seem to provide the greatest opportunities for reaching the improvement goals in team functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Buljac-Samardzic
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Bayle building, p.o. box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kirti D. Doekhie
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Bayle building, p.o. box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D. H. van Wijngaarden
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Bayle building, p.o. box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Dellenborg L, Lepp M. The Development of Ethnographic Drama to Support Healthcare Professionals. ANTHROPOLOGY IN ACTION 2018. [DOI: 10.3167/aia.2018.250102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis article describes the development of ethnographic drama in an action research project involving healthcare professionals in a Swedish medical ward. Ethnographic drama is the result of collaboration between anthropology and drama. As a method, it is suited to illuminating, addressing and studying professional relationships and organisational cultures. It can help healthcare professionals cope with inter-professional conflicts, which have been shown to have serious implications for individual well-being, organisational culture, quality of care and patient safety. Ethnographic drama emerges out of participants’ own experiences and offers them a chance to learn about the unspoken and embodied aspects of their working situation. In the project, ethnographic drama gave participants insight into the impact that structures might have on their actions in everyday encounters on the ward.
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