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García-Baonza R, Lorente A, Ibáñez S, Gallego E, García-Fernández GF. Conceptual design of a new multi-purpose, passive and flexible neutron area monitor with two configurations. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Zhao D, Jia W, Hei D, Cheng C, Li J, Cai P, Chen Y. Design of a neutron shielding performance test system base on Am–Be neutron source. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Zorloni G, Bosmans G, Brall T, Caresana M, De Saint-Hubert M, Domingo C, Ferrante C, Ferrulli F, Kopec R, Leidner J, Mares V, Nabha R, Olko P, Caballero-Pacheco MÁ, Ruehm W, Silari M, Stolarczyk L, Swakon J, Tisi M, Trinkl S, Van Hoey O, Vilches-Freixas G. Joint EURADOS WG9-WG11 rem-counter intercomparison in a Mevion S250i proton therapy facility with Hyperscan pulsed synchrocyclotron. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67:075005. [PMID: 35259730 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac5b9c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective Proton therapy is gaining popularity because of the improved dose delivery over conventional radiation therapy. The secondary dose to healthy tissues is dominated by secondary neutrons. Commercial rem-counters are valuable instruments for the on-line assessment of neutron ambient dose equivalent (H*(10)). In general, however, a priori knowledge of the type of facility and of the radiation field is required for the proper choice of any survey meter. The novel Mevion S250i Hyperscan synchrocyclotron mounts the accelerator directly on the gantry. It provides a scanned 227 MeV proton beam, delivered in pulses with a pulse width of 10 µs at 750 Hz frequency, which is afterwards degraded in energy by a range shifter modulator system. This environment is particularly challenging for commercial rem-counters; therefore, we tested the reliability of some of the most widespread rem-counters to understand their limits in the Mevion S250i stray neutron field. Approach This work, promoted by the European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS), describes a rem-counter intercomparison at the Maastro Proton Therapy centre in the Netherlands, which houses the novel Mevion S250i Hyperscan system. Several rem-counters were employed in the intercomparison (LUPIN, LINUS, WENDI-II, LB6411, NM2B-458, NM2B-495Pb), which included simulation of a patient treatment protocol employing a water tank phantom. The outcomes of the experiment were compared with models and data from the literature. Main results We found that only the LUPIN allowed for a correct assessment of H*(10) within a 20% uncertainty. All other rem-counters underestimated the reference H*(10) by factors from 2 to more than 10, depending on the detector model and on the neutron dose per pulse. In pulsed fields, the neutron dose per pulse is a fundamental parameter, while the average neutron dose rate is a secondary quantity. An average 150-200 µSv/GyRBE neutron H*(10) at various positions around the phantom and at distances between 186 cm and 300 cm from it was measured per unit therapeutic dose delivered to the target. Significance Our results are partially in line with results obtained at similar Mevion facilities employing passive energy modulation. Comparisons with facilities employing active energy modulation confirmed that the neutron H*(10) can increase up to more than a factor of 10 when passive energy modulation is employed. The challenging environment of the Mevion stray neutron field requires the use of specific rem-counters sensitive to high-energy neutrons (up to a few hundred MeV) and specifically designed to withstand pulsed neutron fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geert Bosmans
- Maastricht University Medical Centre+ Oncology Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, Maastricht, Limburg, 6229, NETHERLANDS
| | - Thomas Brall
- Helmotz Zentrum Munchen, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, GERMANY
| | - Marco Caresana
- Energy, Politecnico di Milano, via Lambruschini 4, Milano, 20133, ITALY
| | - Marijke De Saint-Hubert
- Radiation protection Dosimetry and Calibration Expert Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, Mol, 2400, BELGIUM
| | - Carles Domingo
- Departament de Fisica, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica, Bellaterra, 08193 , SPAIN
| | | | | | - Renata Kopec
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Science, Walerego Eljasza Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow, 31-342, POLAND
| | | | - Vladimir Mares
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen Deutsche Forschungszentrum fuer Gesundheit und Umwelt, D-85758 Neuherberg, Neuherberg, 85764 , GERMANY
| | - Racell Nabha
- Radiation protection Dosimetry and Calibration Expert Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, Mol, 2400, BELGIUM
| | - Pawel Olko
- PAN, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL 31-342, Krakow, Kraków, 31-342, POLAND
| | | | - Werner Ruehm
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764 , GERMANY
| | - Marco Silari
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, Geneve, 1211, SWITZERLAND
| | - Liliana Stolarczyk
- Dansk Center for Partikelterapi, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 25, Aarhus, 8200, DENMARK
| | - Jan Swakon
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow, 31-342, POLAND
| | - Marco Tisi
- Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, Bayern, 85764, GERMANY
| | - Sebastian Trinkl
- Bundesamt fur Strahlenschutz Neuherberg, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, 85764, GERMANY
| | - Olivier Van Hoey
- Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie, Boeretang 200, Mol, 2400, BELGIUM
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Rabus H, Gómez-Ros JM, Villagrasa C, Eakins J, Vrba T, Blideanu V, Zankl M, Tanner R, Struelens L, Brkić H, Domingo C, Baiocco G, Caccia B, Huet C, Ferrari P. Quality assurance for the use of computational methods in dosimetry: activities of EURADOS Working Group 6 'Computational Dosimetry'. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2021; 41:46-58. [PMID: 33406511 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/abd914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Working Group (WG) 6 'Computational Dosimetry' of the European Radiation Dosimetry Group promotes good practice in the application of computational methods for radiation dosimetry in radiation protection and the medical use of ionising radiation. Its cross-sectional activities within the association cover a large range of current topics in radiation dosimetry, including more fundamental studies of radiation effects in complex systems. In addition, WG 6 also performs scientific research and development as well as knowledge transfer activities, such as training courses. Monte Carlo techniques, including the use of anthropomorphic and other numerical phantoms based on voxelised geometrical models, play a strong part in the activities pursued in WG 6. However, other aspects and techniques, such as neutron spectra unfolding, have an important role as well. A number of intercomparison exercises have been carried out in the past to provide information on the accuracy with which computational methods are applied and whether best practice is being followed. Within the exercises that are still ongoing, the focus has changed towards assessing the uncertainty that can be achieved with these computational methods. Furthermore, the future strategy of WG 6 also includes an extension of the scope toward experimental benchmark activities and evaluation of cross-sections and algorithms, with the vision of establishing a gold standard for Monte Carlo methods used in medical and radiobiological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rabus
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - J M Gómez-Ros
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - C Villagrasa
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - J Eakins
- Public Health England (PHE), Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - T Vrba
- Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Blideanu
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Saclay, France
| | - M Zankl
- Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - R Tanner
- Public Health England (PHE), Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - L Struelens
- Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK·CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - H Brkić
- J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek (MEFOS), Osijek, Croatia
| | - C Domingo
- Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Baiocco
- Physics Department, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - B Caccia
- National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - C Huet
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - P Ferrari
- National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Bologna, Italy
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5
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Sharma DS, Patro KCH, Manthala Padannayel N, Arjunan M, Krishnan G, Thiyagarajan R, Chilukuri S, Jalali R. Ambient neutron and photon dose equivalent H*(10) around a pencil beam scanning proton therapy facility. Br J Radiol 2019; 92:20190382. [PMID: 31287739 PMCID: PMC6774605 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20190382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure leakage ambient dose equivalent H*(10) from stray secondary neutron and photon radiation around proton therapy (PT) facility and evaluate adequacy of shielding design. METHODS AND MATERIALS H*(10) measurement were carried out at 149 locations around cyclotron vault (CV), beam transport system (BTS) and first treatment room (GTR3) of a multiroom PT facility using WENDI-II and SmartIon survey meter. Measurement were performed under extreme case scenarios wherein maximum secondary neutrons and photons were produced around CV, BTS and GTR3 by stopping 230MeV proton of 300nA on beam degrader, end of BTS and isocenter of GTR3. Weekly time average dose rate (TADR) were calculated from H*(10) value measured at selective hot spots by irradiating actual treatment plans of mix clinical sites. RESULTS The maximum total H*(10) were within 2 µSv/hr around CV, 5 µSv/hr around outer wall of BTS which increases up to 62 µSv/hr at the end of inside BTS corridor. Maximum H*(10) of 20.8 µSv/hr in treatment control console (P125), 23.4 µSv/hr behind the common wall between GTR3 and GTR2 (P132) and 25.7 µSv/hr above isocenter (P99) were observed around GTR3. Reduction of beam current from 6 to 3 nA and 1 nA at nozzle exit lead to decrease in total H*(10) at P125 from 20.8 to 11.35 and 4.62 µSv/hr. In comparison to extreme case scenario, H*(10) value at P125, P132 and P99 from clinically relevant irradiation parameters were reduce by a factor ranging from 8.6 for high range cube to 46.4 for brain clinical plan. The maximum weekly TADR per fraction was highest for large volume, sacral chordoma patient at 8.5 µSv/hr compare to 0.3 µSv/hr for brain patient. The calculated weekly TADR for 30 mix clinical cases and 15 fractions of 1 L cube resulted total weekly TADR of 83-84 µSv/hr at P125, P132 and P99. The maximum annual dose level at these hot spots were estimated at 4.37 mSv/Yr. CONCLUSION We have carried out an extensive measurement of H*(10) under different conditions. The shielding thickness of our PT facility is adequate to limit the dose to occupational worker and general public within the permissible stipulated limit. The data reported here can bridge the knowledge gap in ambient dose around PT facility and can also be used as a reference for any new and existing proton facility for intercomparison and validation. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE First extensive investigation of neutron and photon H*(10) around PT facility and can bridge the knowledge gap on ambient dose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kartikeswar CH Patro
- Department of Medical Physics, Apollo Proton Cancer Centre, 100 Feet Road Tharamani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Noufal Manthala Padannayel
- Department of Medical Physics, Apollo Proton Cancer Centre, 100 Feet Road Tharamani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikandan Arjunan
- Department of Medical Physics, Apollo Proton Cancer Centre, 100 Feet Road Tharamani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganapathy Krishnan
- Department of Medical Physics, Apollo Proton Cancer Centre, 100 Feet Road Tharamani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajesh Thiyagarajan
- Department of Medical Physics, Apollo Proton Cancer Centre, 100 Feet Road Tharamani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srinivas Chilukuri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Apollo Proton Cancer Centre, 100 Feet Road Tharamani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rakesh Jalali
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Apollo Proton Cancer Centre, 100 Feet Road Tharamani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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6
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Rühm W, Bottollier-Depois JF, Gilvin P, Harrison R, Knežević Ž, Lopez MA, Tanner R, Vargas A, Woda C. The work programme of EURADOS on internal and external dosimetry. Ann ICRP 2018; 47:20-34. [PMID: 29664324 DOI: 10.1177/0146645318756224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the early 1980s, the European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) has been maintaining a network of institutions interested in the dosimetry of ionising radiation. As of 2017, this network includes more than 70 institutions (research centres, dosimetry services, university institutes, etc.), and the EURADOS database lists more than 500 scientists who contribute to the EURADOS mission, which is to promote research and technical development in dosimetry and its implementation into practice, and to contribute to harmonisation of dosimetry in Europe and its conformance with international practices. The EURADOS working programme is organised into eight working groups dealing with environmental, computational, internal, and retrospective dosimetry; dosimetry in medical imaging; dosimetry in radiotherapy; dosimetry in high-energy radiation fields; and harmonisation of individual monitoring. Results are published as freely available EURADOS reports and in the peer-reviewed scientific literature. Moreover, EURADOS organises winter schools and training courses on various aspects relevant for radiation dosimetry, and formulates the strategic research needs in dosimetry important for Europe. This paper gives an overview on the most important EURADOS activities. More details can be found at www.eurados.org .
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Affiliation(s)
- W Rühm
- a Department of Radiation Sciences, Institute for Radiation Protection, Helmholtz Centre Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - M A Lopez
- f Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Spain
| | | | - A Vargas
- g Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain
| | - C Woda
- a Department of Radiation Sciences, Institute for Radiation Protection, Helmholtz Centre Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Golnik N. RECOMBINATION CHAMBERS-DO THE OLD IDEAS REMAIN USEFUL? RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2018; 180:3-9. [PMID: 29237076 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncx279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recombination methods were invented almost contemporaneously with the introduction of the ICRU/ICRP concept of a radiation quality factor expressed in terms of linear energy transfer. Since then, recombination chambers and related methodologies have been extensively developed, along with new concepts of dosimetry and radiation protection. This article briefly presents the main features of recombination chambers and their possible applications in practical systems for measuring dosimetric quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Golnik
- Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Sw. A. Boboli 8, Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Wielunski M, Trinkl S, de Souza-Santos D, Wahl W, Rühm W. The HMGU combined neutron and photon dosemeter. RADIAT MEAS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Hohmann E, Luszik-Bhadra M, Schuhmacher H, Wiegel B, Fehrenbacher G. Bonner Sphere System with Active Detector for Measurements in Pulsed Neutron Fields. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt10-a10935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eike Hohmann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Helmut Schuhmacher
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Burkhard Wiegel
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Georg Fehrenbacher
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbHPlanckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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10
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Infantino A, Cicoria G, Lucconi G, Pancaldi D, Vichi S, Zagni F, Mostacci D, Marengo M. Radiation Protection Studies for Medical Particle Accelerators using Fluka Monte Carlo Code. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2017; 173:185-191. [PMID: 27886990 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Radiation protection (RP) in the use of medical cyclotrons involves many aspects both in the routine use and for the decommissioning of a site. Guidelines for site planning and installation, as well as for RP assessment, are given in international documents; however, the latter typically offer analytic methods of calculation of shielding and materials activation, in approximate or idealised geometry set-ups. The availability of Monte Carlo (MC) codes with accurate up-to-date libraries for transport and interaction of neutrons and charged particles at energies below 250 MeV, together with the continuously increasing power of modern computers, makes the systematic use of simulations with realistic geometries possible, yielding equipment and site-specific evaluation of the source terms, shielding requirements and all quantities relevant to RP at the same time. In this work, the well-known FLUKA MC code was used to simulate different aspects of RP in the use of biomedical accelerators, particularly for the production of medical radioisotopes. In the context of the Young Professionals Award, held at the IRPA 14 conference, only a part of the complete work is presented. In particular, the simulation of the GE PETtrace cyclotron (16.5 MeV) installed at S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital evaluated the effective dose distribution around the equipment; the effective number of neutrons produced per incident proton and their spectral distribution; the activation of the structure of the cyclotron and the vault walls; the activation of the ambient air, in particular the production of 41Ar. The simulations were validated, in terms of physical and transport parameters to be used at the energy range of interest, through an extensive measurement campaign of the neutron environmental dose equivalent using a rem-counter and TLD dosemeters. The validated model was then used in the design and the licensing request of a new Positron Emission Tomography facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Infantino
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Laboratory of Montecuccolino, University of Bologna, Via dei Colli 16, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Cicoria
- Medical Physics Department, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Lucconi
- Medical Physics Department, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Pancaldi
- Medical Physics Department, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Vichi
- Medical Physics Department, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Zagni
- Medical Physics Department, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Domiziano Mostacci
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Laboratory of Montecuccolino, University of Bologna, Via dei Colli 16, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mario Marengo
- Medical Physics Department, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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De Smet V, De Saint-Hubert M, Dinar N, Manessi GP, Aza E, Cassell C, Saldarriaga Vargas C, Van Hoey O, Mathot G, Stichelbaut F, De Lentdecker G, Gerardy I, Silari M, Vanhavere F. Secondary neutrons inside a proton therapy facility: MCNPX simulations compared to measurements performed with a Bonner Sphere Spectrometer and neutron H*(10) monitors. RADIAT MEAS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Farah J, De Saint-Hubert M, Mojżeszek N, Chiriotti S, Gryzinski M, Ploc O, Trompier F, Turek K, Vanhavere F, Olko P. Performance tests and comparison of microdosimetric measurements with four tissue-equivalent proportional counters in scanning proton therapy. RADIAT MEAS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Infantino A, Cicoria G, Lucconi G, Pancaldi D, Vichi S, Zagni F, Mostacci D, Marengo M. Assessment of the neutron dose field around a biomedical cyclotron: FLUKA simulation and experimental measurements. Phys Med 2016; 32:1602-1608. [PMID: 27919623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.11.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the planning of a new cyclotron facility, an accurate knowledge of the radiation field around the accelerator is fundamental for the design of shielding, the protection of workers, the general public and the environment. Monte Carlo simulations can be very useful in this process, and their use is constantly increasing. However, few data have been published so far as regards the proper validation of Monte Carlo simulation against experimental measurements, particularly in the energy range of biomedical cyclotrons. In this work a detailed model of an existing installation of a GE PETtrace 16.5MeV cyclotron was developed using FLUKA. An extensive measurement campaign of the neutron ambient dose equivalent H∗(10) in marked positions around the cyclotron was conducted using a neutron rem-counter probe and CR39 neutron detectors. Data from a previous measurement campaign performed by our group using TLDs were also re-evaluated. The FLUKA model was then validated by comparing the results of high-statistics simulations with experimental data. In 10 out of 12 measurement locations, FLUKA simulations were in agreement within uncertainties with all the three different sets of experimental data; in the remaining 2 positions, the agreement was with 2/3 of the measurements. Our work allows to quantitatively validate our FLUKA simulation setup and confirms that Monte Carlo technique can produce accurate results in the energy range of biomedical cyclotrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Infantino
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Laboratory of Montecuccolino, University of Bologna, Via dei Colli 16, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gianfranco Cicoria
- Medical Physics Department, University Hospital "S. Orsola-Malpighi", Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Lucconi
- Medical Physics Department, University Hospital "S. Orsola-Malpighi", Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Pancaldi
- Medical Physics Department, University Hospital "S. Orsola-Malpighi", Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Vichi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Laboratory of Montecuccolino, University of Bologna, Via dei Colli 16, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Zagni
- Medical Physics Department, University Hospital "S. Orsola-Malpighi", Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Domiziano Mostacci
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Laboratory of Montecuccolino, University of Bologna, Via dei Colli 16, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mario Marengo
- Medical Physics Department, University Hospital "S. Orsola-Malpighi", Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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14
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Mertens CJ. Overview of the Radiation Dosimetry Experiment (RaD-X) flight mission. SPACE WEATHER : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH & APPLICATIONS 2016; 14:921-934. [PMID: 33442336 PMCID: PMC7802752 DOI: 10.1002/2016sw001399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The NASA Radiation Dosimetry Experiment (RaD-X) stratospheric balloon flight mission addresses the need to reduce the uncertainty in predicting human exposure to cosmic radiation in the aircraft environment. Measurements were taken that characterize the dosimetric properties of cosmic ray primaries, the ultimate source of aviation radiation exposure, and the cosmic ray secondary radiations that are produced and transported to aviation altitudes. In addition, radiation detectors were flown to assess their potential application to long-term, continuous monitoring of the aircraft radiation environment. RaD-X was successfully launched from Fort Sumner, New Mexico (34.5°N, 104.2°W), on 25 September 2015. Over 18 h of science data were obtained from a total of four different type dosimeters at altitudes above 20 km. The RaD-X flight mission was supported by laboratory radiation exposure testing of the balloon flight dosimeters and also by coordinated radiation measurements taken on ER-2 and commercial aircraft. This paper provides the science background and motivation for the RaD-X flight mission, a brief description of the balloon flight profile and the supporting aircraft flights, and a summary of the articles included in the RaD-X special collection and their contributions to the science goals of the RaD-X mission.
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De Saint-Hubert M, Saldarriaga Vargas C, Van Hoey O, Schoonjans W, De Smet V, Mathot G, Stichelbaut F, Manessi G, Dinar N, Aza E, Cassell C, Silari M, Vanhavere F. SECONDARY NEUTRON DOSES IN A PROTON THERAPY CENTRE. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 170:336-341. [PMID: 26541188 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The formation of secondary high-energy neutrons in proton therapy can be a concern for radiation protection of staff. In this joint intercomparative study (CERN, SCK•CEN and IBA/IRISIB/ULB), secondary neutron doses were assessed with different detectors in several positions in the Proton Therapy Centre, Essen (Germany). The ambient dose equivalent H(*)(10) was assessed with Berthold LB 6411, WENDI-2, tissue-equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) and Bonner spheres (BS). The personal dose equivalent Hp(10) was measured with two types of active detectors and with bubble detectors. Using spectral and basic angular information, the reference Hp(10) was estimated. Results concerning staff exposure show H(*)(10) doses between 0.5 and 1 nSv/monitoring unit in a technical room. The LB 6411 showed an underestimation of H(*)(10), while WENDI-2 and TEPC showed good agreement with the BS data. A large overestimation for Hp(10) was observed for the active personal dosemeters, while the bubble detectors showed only a slight overestimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Saint-Hubert
- Dosimetry and Calibration, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - C Saldarriaga Vargas
- Dosimetry and Calibration, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - O Van Hoey
- Dosimetry and Calibration, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - W Schoonjans
- Dosimetry and Calibration, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - V De Smet
- Département Nucléaire, Institut de Recherche de l'Institut Supérieur Industriel de Bruxelles (IRISIB), Rue Royale 150, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium Université Libre de Bruxelles, Inter-university Institute for High Energies (IIHE), Boulevard du Triomphe CP230, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - G Mathot
- Ion Beam Applications S.A., Chemin du Cyclotron 3, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - F Stichelbaut
- Ion Beam Applications S.A., Chemin du Cyclotron 3, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - G Manessi
- CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, L697ZE Liverpool, UK
| | - N Dinar
- CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - E Aza
- CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - C Cassell
- Department of Energy, Politecnico of Milan, Via Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - M Silari
- CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - F Vanhavere
- Dosimetry and Calibration, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
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Infantino A, Marengo M, Baschetti S, Cicoria G, Longo Vaschetto V, Lucconi G, Massucci P, Vichi S, Zagni F, Mostacci D. Accurate Monte Carlo modeling of cyclotrons for optimization of shielding and activation calculations in the biomedical field. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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An analytical model of leakage neutron equivalent dose for passively-scattered proton radiotherapy and validation with measurements. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:795-810. [PMID: 25993009 PMCID: PMC4491685 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7020795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to stray neutrons increases the risk of second cancer development after proton therapy. Previously reported analytical models of this exposure were difficult to configure and had not been investigated below 100 MeV proton energy. The purposes of this study were to test an analytical model of neutron equivalent dose per therapeutic absorbed dose (H/D)
at 75 MeV and to improve the model by reducing the number of configuration parameters and making it continuous in proton energy from 100 to 250 MeV. To develop the analytical model, we used previously published H/D values in water from Monte Carlo simulations of a general-purpose beamline for proton energies from 100 to 250 MeV. We also configured and tested the model on in-air neutron equivalent doses measured for a 75 MeV ocular beamline. Predicted H/D values from the analytical model and Monte Carlo agreed well from 100 to 250 MeV (10% average difference). Predicted H/D values from the analytical model also agreed well with measurements at 75 MeV (15% average difference). The results indicate that analytical models can give fast, reliable calculations of neutron exposure after proton therapy. This ability is absent in treatment planning systems but vital to second cancer risk estimation.
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Farah J, Mares V, Romero-Expósito M, Trinkl S, Domingo C, Dufek V, Klodowska M, Kubancak J, Knežević Ž, Liszka M, Majer M, Miljanić S, Ploc O, Schinner K, Stolarczyk L, Trompier F, Wielunski M, Olko P, Harrison RM. Measurement of stray radiation within a scanning proton therapy facility: EURADOS WG9 intercomparison exercise of active dosimetry systems. Med Phys 2015; 42:2572-84. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4916667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Farah J, Bonfrate A, De Marzi L, De Oliveira A, Delacroix S, Martinetti F, Trompier F, Clairand I. Configuration and validation of an analytical model predicting secondary neutron radiation in proton therapy using Monte Carlo simulations and experimental measurements. Phys Med 2015; 31:248-56. [PMID: 25682475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study focuses on the configuration and validation of an analytical model predicting leakage neutron doses in proton therapy. METHODS Using Monte Carlo (MC) calculations, a facility-specific analytical model was built to reproduce out-of-field neutron doses while separately accounting for the contribution of intra-nuclear cascade, evaporation, epithermal and thermal neutrons. This model was first trained to reproduce in-water neutron absorbed doses and in-air neutron ambient dose equivalents, H*(10), calculated using MCNPX. Its capacity in predicting out-of-field doses at any position not involved in the training phase was also checked. The model was next expanded to enable a full 3D mapping of H*(10) inside the treatment room, tested in a clinically relevant configuration and finally consolidated with experimental measurements. RESULTS Following the literature approach, the work first proved that it is possible to build a facility-specific analytical model that efficiently reproduces in-water neutron doses and in-air H*(10) values with a maximum difference less than 25%. In addition, the analytical model succeeded in predicting out-of-field neutron doses in the lateral and vertical direction. Testing the analytical model in clinical configurations proved the need to separate the contribution of internal and external neutrons. The impact of modulation width on stray neutrons was found to be easily adjustable while beam collimation remains a challenging issue. Finally, the model performance agreed with experimental measurements with satisfactory results considering measurement and simulation uncertainties. CONCLUSION Analytical models represent a promising solution that substitutes for time-consuming MC calculations when assessing doses to healthy organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Farah
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle Radioprotection de l'Homme, External Dosimetry Department, BP17, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - A Bonfrate
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle Radioprotection de l'Homme, External Dosimetry Department, BP17, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - L De Marzi
- Institut Curie - Centre de Protonthérapie d'Orsay (CPO), Campus Universitaire Bâtiment 101, 91898 Orsay, France
| | - A De Oliveira
- Institut Curie - Centre de Protonthérapie d'Orsay (CPO), Campus Universitaire Bâtiment 101, 91898 Orsay, France
| | - S Delacroix
- Institut Curie - Centre de Protonthérapie d'Orsay (CPO), Campus Universitaire Bâtiment 101, 91898 Orsay, France
| | - F Martinetti
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle Radioprotection de l'Homme, External Dosimetry Department, BP17, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - F Trompier
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle Radioprotection de l'Homme, External Dosimetry Department, BP17, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - I Clairand
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle Radioprotection de l'Homme, External Dosimetry Department, BP17, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Rühm W, Mares V, Pioch C, Agosteo S, Endo A, Ferrarini M, Rakhno I, Rollet S, Satoh D, Vincke H. Comparison of Bonner sphere responses calculated by different Monte Carlo codes at energies between 1 MeV and 1 GeV – Potential impact on neutron dosimetry at energies higher than 20 MeV. RADIAT MEAS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Farah J, Martinetti F, Sayah R, Lacoste V, Donadille L, Trompier F, Nauraye C, Marzi LD, Vabre I, Delacroix S, Hérault J, Clairand I. Monte Carlo modeling of proton therapy installations: a global experimental method to validate secondary neutron dose calculations. Phys Med Biol 2014; 59:2747-65. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/11/2747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Vanaudenhove T, Dubus A, Pauly N. Comparing Geant4 hadronic models for the WENDI-II rem meter response function. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2012; 154:340-345. [PMID: 22972796 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncs240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The WENDI-II rem meter is one of the most popular neutron dosemeters used to assess a useful quantity of radiation protection, namely the ambient dose equivalent. This is due to its high sensitivity and its energy response that approximately follows the conversion function between neutron fluence and ambient dose equivalent in the range of thermal to 5 GeV. The simulation of the WENDI-II response function with the Geant4 toolkit is then perfectly suited to compare low- and high-energy hadronic models provided by this Monte Carlo code. The results showed that the thermal treatment of hydrogen in polyethylene for neutron <4 eV has a great influence over the whole detector range. Above 19 MeV, both Bertini Cascade and Binary Cascade models show a good correlation with the results found in the literature, while low-energy parameterised models are not suitable for this application.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vanaudenhove
- Service de Métrologie Nucléaire (CP 165/84), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 av. F.D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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Bedogni R. Neutron spectrometry with Bonner Spheres for area monitoring in particle accelerators. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2011; 146:383-394. [PMID: 21653582 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncr238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Selecting the instruments to determine the operational quantities in the neutron fields produced by particle accelerators involves a combination of aspects, which is peculiar to these environments: the energy distribution of the neutron field, the continuous or pulsed time structure of the beam, the presence of other radiations to which the neutron instruments could have significant response and the large variability in the dose rate, which can be observed when moving from areas near the beam line to free-access areas. The use of spectrometric techniques in support of traditional instruments is highly recommended to improve the accuracy of dosimetric evaluations. The multi-sphere or Bonner Sphere Spectrometer (BSS) is certainly the most used device, due to characteristics such as the wide energy range, large variety of active and passive detectors suited for different workplaces, good photon discrimination and the simple signal management. Disadvantages are the poor energy resolution, weight and need to sequentially irradiate the spheres, leading to usually long measurement sessions. Moreover, complex unfolding analyses are needed to obtain the neutron spectra. This work is an overview of the BSS for area monitoring in particle accelerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bedogni
- INFN-LNF Frascati National Laboratories, Via E. Fermi n. 40-00044, Frascati (RM), Italy.
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Schuhmacher H. Workplace monitoring of mixed neutron-photon radiation fields and its contribution to external dosimetry. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2011; 144:599-604. [PMID: 21285111 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncq588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Workplace monitoring is a common procedure for determining measures for routine radiation protection in a particular working environment. For mixed radiation fields consisting of neutrons and photons, it is of increased importance because it contributes to the improved accuracy of individual monitoring. An example is the determination of field-specific correction factors, which can be applied to the readings of personal dosemeters. This paper explains the general problems associated with individual dosimetry of neutron radiation, and describes the various options for workplace monitoring. These options cover a range from the elaborate field characterisation using transport calculations or spectrometers to the simpler approach using area monitors. Examples are given for workplaces in nuclear industry, at particle accelerators and at flight altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Schuhmacher
- Department 6.5, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Hohmann E, Fehrenbacher G, Khurana S, Radon T, Reginatto M, Schardt D, Schuhmacher H, Wiegel B. The simulated workplace field with a high-energy neutron component produced by irradiating a Fe-target with 200 MeV/u 12C-ions. RADIAT MEAS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2010.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pioch C, Mares V, Rühm W. Influence of Bonner sphere response functions above 20 MeV on unfolded neutron spectra and doses. RADIAT MEAS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2010.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Iterative unfolding for Bonner sphere spectrometers using the MSANDB code – Sensitivity analysis and dose calculation. RADIAT MEAS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2009.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Agosteo S, Caresana M, Ferrarini M, Silari M. A passive rem counter based on CR39 SSNTD coupled with a boron converter. RADIAT MEAS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2009.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Intercomparison of radiation protection devices in a high-energy stray neutron field, Part I: Monte Carlo simulations. RADIAT MEAS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2009.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Intercomparison of radiation protection devices in a high-energy stray neutron field, Part II: Bonner sphere spectrometry. RADIAT MEAS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2009.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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