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Liu B, Haithem Zaki S, García E, Bonilla A, Thabit D, Hussein Adab A. The investigation of dose rate and photon beam energy dependence of optimized PASSAG polymer gel dosimeter using magnetic resonance imaging. JOURNAL OF X-RAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 32:751-764. [PMID: 38217634 DOI: 10.3233/xst-230282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It seems that dose rate (DR) and photon beam energy (PBE) may influence the sensitivity and response of polymer gel dosimeters. In the current project, the sensitivity and response dependence of optimized PASSAG gel dosimeter (OPGD) on DR and PBE were assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS We fabricated the OPGD and the gel samples were irradiated with various DRs and PBEs. Then, the sensitivity and response (R2) of OPGD were obtained by MRI at various doses and post-irradiation times. RESULTS Our analysis showed that the sensitivity and response of OPGD are not affected by the evaluated DRs and PBEs. It was also found that the dose resolution values of OPGD ranged from 9 to 33 cGy and 12 to 34 cGy for the evaluated DRs and PBEs, respectively. Additionally, the data demonstrated that the sensitivity and response dependence of OPGD on DR and PBE do not vary over various times after the irradiation. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this research project revealed that the sensitivity and response dependence of OPGD are independent of DR and PBE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Room, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaima Haithem Zaki
- Department of Anesthesia Techniques, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq
| | - Eduardo García
- Facultad de Mecánica, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (ESPOCH), Riobamba, Ecuador
| | - Amanda Bonilla
- Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (ESPOCH), Sede Orellana, El Coca, Ecuador
| | - Daha Thabit
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Aya Hussein Adab
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq
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Zhang T, Almajidi YQ, Awad SA, Alhachami FR, Gatea MA, Kadhum WR. Dosimetric properties of PASSAG polymer gel dosimeter in electron beam radiotherapy using magnetic resonance imaging. JOURNAL OF X-RAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023:XST230073. [PMID: 37212060 DOI: 10.3233/xst-230073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several physical factors such as photon beam energy, electron beam energy, and dose rate may affect the dosimetric properties of polymer gel dosimeters. The photon beam energy and dose rate dependence of PASSAG gel dosimeter were previously evaluated. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the dosimetric properties of the optimized PASSAG gel samples in various electron beam energies. METHODS The optimized PASSAG gel samples are first fabricated and irradiated to various electron energies (5, 7, 10 and 12 MeV). Then, the response (R2) and sensitivity of gel samples are analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging technique at a dose range of 0 to 10 Gy, scanning room temperature range of 15 to 22 °C, and post-irradiation time range of 1 to 30 days. RESULTS The R2-dose response and sensitivity of gel samples do not change under the evaluated electron beam energies (the differences are less than 5%). Furthermore, a dose resolution range of 11 to 38 cGy is obtained for the gel samples irradiated to different electron beam energies. Moreover, the findings show that the R2-dose response and sensitivity dependence of gel samples on electron beam energy varies over different scanning room temperatures and post-irradiation times. CONCLUSION The dosimetric assessment of the optimized PASSAG gel samples provides the promising data for this dosimeter during electron beam radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | | | - Sameer A Awad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar-Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Firas Rahi Alhachami
- Radiology Department, College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Maher Abdulfadhil Gatea
- Technical Engineering Department College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Wesam R Kadhum
- Department of Pharmacy, Kut University College, Kut, Wasit, Iraq
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Marrale M, d’Errico F. Hydrogels for Three-Dimensional Ionizing-Radiation Dosimetry. Gels 2021; 7:74. [PMID: 34205640 PMCID: PMC8293215 DOI: 10.3390/gels7020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-sensitive gels are among the most recent and promising developments for radiation therapy (RT) dosimetry. RT dosimetry has the twofold goal of ensuring the quality of the treatment and the radiation protection of the patient. Benchmark dosimetry for acceptance testing and commissioning of RT systems is still based on ionization chambers. However, even the smallest chambers cannot resolve the steep dose gradients of up to 30-50% per mm generated with the most advanced techniques. While a multitude of systems based, e.g., on luminescence, silicon diodes and radiochromic materials have been developed, they do not allow the truly continuous 3D dose measurements offered by radiation-sensitive gels. The gels are tissue equivalent, so they also serve as phantoms, and their response is largely independent of radiation quality and dose rate. Some of them are infused with ferrous sulfate and rely on the radiation-induced oxidation of ferrous ions to ferric ions (Fricke-gels). Other formulations consist of monomers dispersed in a gelatinous medium (Polyacrylamide gels) and rely on radiation-induced polymerization, which creates a stable polymer structure. In both gel types, irradiation causes changes in proton relaxation rates that are proportional to locally absorbed dose and can be imaged using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Changes in color and/or opacification of the gels also occur upon irradiation, allowing the use of optical tomography techniques. In this work, we review both Fricke and polyacrylamide gels with emphasis on their chemical and physical properties and on their applications for radiation dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Marrale
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, “Emilio Segrè” ATeN Center, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco d’Errico
- Scuola di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- School of Medicine, Yale University New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Abtahi SMM, Anaraki V, Farhood B, Mahdavi SR. Assessment of photon energy and dose rate dependence of U-NIPAM polymer gel dosimeter. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Farhood B, Mohammadi Asl K, Sarvizadeh M, Aliasgharzadeh A. Dosimetric evaluation of PASSAG-U polymer gel dosimeter: Dependence of dose rate and photon energy. JOURNAL OF X-RAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 28:641-658. [PMID: 32390644 DOI: 10.3233/xst-190625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several physical factors such as dose rate and photon energy may change response and sensitivity of polymer gel dosimeters. This study aims to evaluate the R2-dose response and sensitivity dependence of PASSAG-U gel dosimeters with 3% and 5% urea on dose rate and photon energy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PASSAG-U gel dosimeters were prepared under normal atmospheric conditions. The obtained gel dosimeters were irradiated to different dose rates (100, 200, and 300 cGy/min) and photon energies (6 and 15 MV). Finally, responses (R2) of the PASSAG-U gel dosimeters with 3% and 5% urea were analyzed by MRI technique at 1, 10, 14 days after the irradiation process. RESULTS The findings showed that the R2-dose responses of PASSAG-U gel dosimeters with 3% and 5% urea do not vary under the differently evaluated dose rates and photon energies. The R2-dose sensitivity of PASSAG-U polymer gel dosimeter with 3% urea does not change under the differently evaluated dose rates and photon energies, but it changes for PASSAG-U polymer gel dosimeter with 5% urea. The dose resolution values ranged from 0.20 to 0.86 Gy and from 0.27 to 2.20 Gy for the PASSAG-U gel dosimeter with 3% and 5% urea for the different dose rates and photon energies, respectively. Furthermore, it was revealed that the R2-dose response and sensitivity dependence of PASSAG-U gel dosimeters with 3% and 5% urea on dose rate and photon energy can vary over post irradiation time. CONCLUSIONS The study results demonstrated that dosimetric characteristics (dependence of dose rate and photon energy, and dose resolution) of PASSAG-U gel dosimeter with 3% were better than those of PASSAG-U gel dosimeter with 5% urea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Kamal Mohammadi Asl
- Department of Computer Engineering and Information Technology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Sarvizadeh
- The Advocate Center for Clinical Research, Ayatollah Yasrebi Hospital, Kashan, Iran
| | - Akbar Aliasgharzadeh
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Aliasgharzadeh A, Mohammadi A, Farhood B, Anaraki V, Mohseni M, Moradi H. Improvement of the sensitivity of PASSAG polymer gel dosimeter by urea. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Investigation of the radiological properties of various phantoms for their application in low energy X-rays dosimetry. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Vieira SL, de Oliveira LN, Carneiro AAO. Quantitative magnetic resonance elastography for polymer-gel dosimetry phantoms. Med Eng Phys 2019; 66:102-106. [PMID: 30846236 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Commonly dose-responses of conventional dosimetric methods are affected by a saturation dose and are known to be limited when the delivered dose is relatively high. In contrast, elastic properties of polymer-gel dosimeter phantoms play major roles in a new dosimetry technique using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). A single volume of polymer-gel dosimeter solution containing methacrylic and ascorbic acid in gelatin initiated by copper was prepared. The material was subsequently stored in cylindrical containers for future use as a biological tissue-mimicking phantom material. The phantom material was irradiated with gamma rays, where absorbed doses of 10-50 Gy were delivered. To study the dynamic elastic behaviour, periodic mechanical external forces of 100-400 Hz were applied to generate shear waves in the samples. The radiation-induced changes in the shear modulus of the samples were estimated from wave-displacement images and converted to elastograms. The smallest and largest shear modulus values were approximately 2.10 ± 0.64 and 35.26 ± 2.85 kPa, respectively. The dynamic elastic response of the polymer-gel dosimeters showed an increased dependency with frequency. A linear relationship (R2 = 0.996) was observed between the integrated area and the absorbed dose of the samples. The elastograms clearly showed that the largest shear modulus values were in the irradiated region of the polymer-gel dosimeter phantoms. Quantitative values of the shear modulus of polymer-gel dosimeters were estimated using MRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvio Leão Vieira
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Goiás, Brazil.
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Farhood B, Geraily G, Abtahi SMM. A systematic review of clinical applications of polymer gel dosimeters in radiotherapy. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 143:47-59. [PMID: 30390500 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy has rapidly improved because of the use of new equipment and techniques. Hence, the appeal for a feasible and accurate three-dimensional (3D) dosimetry system has increased. In this regard, gel dosimetry systems are accurate 3D dosimeters with high resolution. This systematic review evaluates the clinical applications of polymer gel dosimeters in radiotherapy. To find the clinical applications of polymer gel dosimeters in radiotherapy, a full systematic literature search was performed on the basis of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in electronic databases up to January 31, 2017, with use of search-related terms in the titles and abstracts of articles. A total of 765 articles were screened in accordance with our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eventually, 53 articles were included in the study. The findings show that most clinical applications of polymer gel dosimeters relate to external radiotherapy. Most of the gel dosimeters studied have acceptable dose accuracy as a 3D dosimeter with high resolution. It is difficult to judge which is the best polymer gel dosimeter to use in a clinical setting, because each gel dosimeter has advantages and limitations. For example, methacrylic acid-based gel dosimeters have high dose sensitivity and low toxicity, while their dose response is beam energy dependent; in contrast, N-isopropylacrylamide gel dosimeters have low dose resolution, but their sensitivity is lower and they are relatively toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, 8115187159 Kashan, Iran
| | - Ghazale Geraily
- Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Evaluation of dose rate and photon energy dependence of PASSAG polymer gel dosimeter. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-5940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Farhood B, Abtahi SMM, Geraily G, Ghorbani M, Mahdavi SR, Zahmatkesh MH. Dosimetric characteristics of PASSAG as a new polymer gel dosimeter with negligible toxicity. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Tanaka K, Sakurai Y, Hayashi SI, Kajimoto T, Uchida R, Tanaka H, Takata T, Bengua G, Endo S. Computational investigation of suitable polymer gel composition for the QA of the beam components of a BNCT irradiation field. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 127:253-259. [PMID: 28683330 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the optimum composition of the MAGAT polymer gel which is to be used in the quality assurance measurement of the thermal neutron, fast neutron and gamma ray components in the irradiation field used for boron neutron capture therapy at the Kyoto University Reactor. Simulations using the PHITS code showed that when combined with the gel, 6Li concentrations of 0, 10 and 100ppm were found to be potentially usable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.
| | | | - Shin-Ichiro Hayashi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kajimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryohei Uchida
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Japan
| | - Takushi Takata
- Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Japan
| | - Gerard Bengua
- Auckland City Hospital, Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Satoru Endo
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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Basfar AA, Moftah B, Rabaeh KA, Almousa AA. Novel composition of polymer gel dosimeters based on N-(Hydroxymethyl)acrylamide for radiation therapy. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chiu CY, Tsang YW, Hsieh BT. N-isopropylacrylamide gel dosimeter to evaluate clinical photon beam characteristics. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 90:245-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Mesbahi A, Jafarzadeh V, Gharehaghaji N. Optical and NMR dose response of N-isopropylacrylamide normoxic polymer gel for radiation therapy dosimetry. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2012; 17:146-50. [PMID: 24377016 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Application of less toxic normoxic polymer gel of N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) for radiation therapy has been studied in recent years. AIM In the current study the optical and NMR properties of NIPAM were studied for radiation therapy dosimetry application. MATERIALS AND METHODS NIPAM normoxic polymer gel was prepared and irradiated by 9 MV photon beam of a medical linac. The optical absorbance was measured using a conventional laboratory spectrophotometer in different wavelengths ranging from 390 to 860 nm. R 2 measurements of NIPAM gels were performed using a 1.5 T scanner and R 2-dose curve was obtained. RESULTS Our results showed R 2 dose sensitivity of 0.193 ± 0.01 s(-1) Gy(-1) for NIPAM gel. Both R 2 and optical absorbance showed a linear relationship with dose from 1.5 to 11 Gy for NIPAM gel dosimeter. Moreover, absorbance-dose response varied considerably with light wavelength and highest sensitivity was seen for the blue part of the spectrum. CONCLUSION Our results showed that both optical and NMR approaches have acceptable sensitivity and accuracy for dose determination with NIPAM gel. However, for optical reading of the gel, utilization of an optimum optical wavelength is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Mesbahi
- Medical Physics Department, Medical School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Radiation Oncology Department, Imam Hospital, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Nahideh Gharehaghaji
- Radiology Department, Paramedical School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Chiang CT, Chang YJ, Huang SK, Jang CJ, Hsieh BT. Optimal composition of a new polymer gel dosimeter-DEMBIG. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-011-1127-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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