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Zeitlin C, Castro AJ, Beard KB, Hayes BM, Abdelmelek M, Laramore D, Johnson AS, Stoffle N, Wimmer-Schweingruber RF, Löffler S, Rios RR. Results from the Radiation Assessment Detector on the International Space Station: Part 3, combined results from the CPD and FND. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2023; 39:86-94. [PMID: 37945093 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The energetic particle radiation environment on the International Space Station (ISS) includes both charged and neutral particles. Here, we make use of the unique capabilities of the Radiation Assessment Detector (ISS-RAD) to measure both of these components simultaneously. The Charged Particle Detector (CPD) is, despite its name, capable of measuring neutrons in the energy range from about 4 MeV to a few hundred MeV. Combined with data from the Fast Neutron Detector (FND) in the 0.2 to 8 MeV range, we present the first broad-spectrum measurements of the neutron environments in various locations within the ISS since an early Bonner-Ball experiment that was conducted before the Station was fully constructed. The data presented here span the time period from February 2016 to February 2022. In addition to presenting broad-spectrum neutron fluence measurements, we show correlations of the measured neutron dose equivalent with charged-particle dose rates. The ratio of charged-particle dose to neutron dose equivalent is found to be relatively stable within the ISS.
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The influence of nuclear models and Monte Carlo radiation transport codes on stray neutron dose estimations in proton therapy. RADIAT MEAS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2021.106693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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3
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Brall T, Mares V, Bütikofer R, Rühm W. Assessment of secondary neutrons from galactic cosmic rays at mountain altitudes – Geant4 simulations and ground-based measurements of neutron energy spectra. RADIAT MEAS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2021.106592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Brall T, Dommert M, Rühm W, Trinkl S, Wielunski M, Mares V. Monte Carlo simulation of the CERN-EU High Energy Reference Field (CERF) facility. RADIAT MEAS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2020.106294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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5
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Mares V, Brall T, Bütikofer R, Rühm W. Influence of environmental parameters on secondary cosmic ray neutrons at high-altitude research stations at Jungfraujoch, Switzerland, and Zugspitze, Germany. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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CYSP-HS: A new version of the CYSP directional neutron spectrometer with increased sensitivity. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 142:38-41. [PMID: 30248587 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CSYP (CYlindrical SPectrometer) is a directional neutron spectrometer based on a single moderator embedding multiple thermal neutron detectors. Similarly to Bonner Spheres, CYSP responds from thermal up to GeV neutrons and the spectrum is obtained via few-channel unfolding methods. CYSP has the shape of a polyethylene cylinder with diameter 50 cm and height 65 cm. Owing on a thick collimator and on a specifically designed shielding structure, the internal detectors only respond to neutrons coming from a known direction. Internal thermal neutron detectors are one-cm2 6LiF-covered silicon diodes. Un upgraded version of CYPS was developed to work in low intensity applications, such as cosmic field measurements. It is called CYSP-HS (High-Sensitivity) and is equipped with large area 6LiF-covered silicon diodes (LATND, Large Area Thermal Neutron Detectors). Compared with the former CYSP, the sensitivity increased approximately by an order of magnitude. This paper presents CYSP-HS focusing on the new internal detectors, the response matrix and its verification in a reference field of Am-Be available at the Politecnico di Milano.
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Trinkl S, Mares V, Englbrecht FS, Wilkens JJ, Wielunski M, Parodi K, Rühm W, Hillbrand M. Systematic out-of-field secondary neutron spectrometry and dosimetry in pencil beam scanning proton therapy. Med Phys 2017; 44:1912-1920. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Trinkl
- Institute of Radiation Protection; Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU); Neuherberg Germany
- Department of Physik; Technical University of Munich; Munich Germany
| | - Vladimir Mares
- Institute of Radiation Protection; Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU); Neuherberg Germany
| | | | - Jan Jakob Wilkens
- Department of Physik; Technical University of Munich; Munich Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Technical University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar; Munich Germany
| | - Marek Wielunski
- Institute of Radiation Protection; Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU); Neuherberg Germany
| | - Katia Parodi
- Department of Medical Physics; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Garching b. München Germany
| | - Werner Rühm
- Institute of Radiation Protection; Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU); Neuherberg Germany
| | - Martin Hillbrand
- Department of Medical Physics; Rinecker Proton Therapy Center; Munich Germany
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Gómez-Ros JM, Bedogni R, Bortot D, Domingo C, Esposito A, Introini MV, Lorenzoli M, Mazzitelli G, Moraleda M, Pola A, Sacco D. TWO NEW SINGLE-EXPOSURE, MULTI-DETECTOR NEUTRON SPECTROMETERS FOR RADIATION PROTECTION APPLICATIONS IN WORKPLACE MONITORING. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2017; 173:104-110. [PMID: 28100670 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This communication describes two new instruments, based on multiple active thermal neutron detectors arranged within a single moderator, that permit to unfold the neutron spectrum (from thermal to hundreds of MeV) and to determine the corresponding integral quantities with only one exposure. This makes them especially advantageous for neutron field characterisation and workplace monitoring in neutron-producing facilities. One of the devices has spherical geometry and nearly isotropic response, the other one has cylindrical symmetry and it is only sensitive to neutrons incident along the cylinder axis. In both cases, active detectors have been specifically developed looking for the criteria of miniaturisation, high sensitivity, linear response and good photon rejection. The calculated response matrix has been validated by experimental irradiations in neutron reference fields with a global uncertainty of 3%. The measurements performed in realistic neutron fields permitted to determine the neutron spectra and the integral quantities, in particular H*(10).
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Gómez-Ros
- CIEMAT, Av. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IFNF-LNF Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, via E. Fermi n. 40, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R Bedogni
- IFNF-LNF Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, via E. Fermi n. 40, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - D Bortot
- Politecnico di Milano-Dipartimento di Energia, Via Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - C Domingo
- UAB, Physics Department, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A Esposito
- IFNF-LNF Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, via E. Fermi n. 40, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M V Introini
- Politecnico di Milano-Dipartimento di Energia, Via Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Lorenzoli
- Politecnico di Milano-Dipartimento di Energia, Via Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - G Mazzitelli
- IFNF-LNF Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, via E. Fermi n. 40, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Moraleda
- CIEMAT, Av. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Pola
- Politecnico di Milano-Dipartimento di Energia, Via Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - D Sacco
- IFNF-LNF Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, via E. Fermi n. 40, 00044 Frascati, Italy
- INAIL-DIT, Via di Fontana Candida 1, 00040 Monteporzio Catone, Italy
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De Smet V, De Saint-Hubert M, Dinar N, Manessi GP, Aza E, Cassell C, Saldarriaga Vargas C, Van Hoey O, Mathot G, Stichelbaut F, De Lentdecker G, Gerardy I, Silari M, Vanhavere F. Secondary neutrons inside a proton therapy facility: MCNPX simulations compared to measurements performed with a Bonner Sphere Spectrometer and neutron H*(10) monitors. RADIAT MEAS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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De Saint-Hubert M, Saldarriaga Vargas C, Van Hoey O, Schoonjans W, De Smet V, Mathot G, Stichelbaut F, Manessi G, Dinar N, Aza E, Cassell C, Silari M, Vanhavere F. SECONDARY NEUTRON DOSES IN A PROTON THERAPY CENTRE. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 170:336-341. [PMID: 26541188 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The formation of secondary high-energy neutrons in proton therapy can be a concern for radiation protection of staff. In this joint intercomparative study (CERN, SCK•CEN and IBA/IRISIB/ULB), secondary neutron doses were assessed with different detectors in several positions in the Proton Therapy Centre, Essen (Germany). The ambient dose equivalent H(*)(10) was assessed with Berthold LB 6411, WENDI-2, tissue-equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) and Bonner spheres (BS). The personal dose equivalent Hp(10) was measured with two types of active detectors and with bubble detectors. Using spectral and basic angular information, the reference Hp(10) was estimated. Results concerning staff exposure show H(*)(10) doses between 0.5 and 1 nSv/monitoring unit in a technical room. The LB 6411 showed an underestimation of H(*)(10), while WENDI-2 and TEPC showed good agreement with the BS data. A large overestimation for Hp(10) was observed for the active personal dosemeters, while the bubble detectors showed only a slight overestimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Saint-Hubert
- Dosimetry and Calibration, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - C Saldarriaga Vargas
- Dosimetry and Calibration, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - O Van Hoey
- Dosimetry and Calibration, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - W Schoonjans
- Dosimetry and Calibration, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - V De Smet
- Département Nucléaire, Institut de Recherche de l'Institut Supérieur Industriel de Bruxelles (IRISIB), Rue Royale 150, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium Université Libre de Bruxelles, Inter-university Institute for High Energies (IIHE), Boulevard du Triomphe CP230, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - G Mathot
- Ion Beam Applications S.A., Chemin du Cyclotron 3, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - F Stichelbaut
- Ion Beam Applications S.A., Chemin du Cyclotron 3, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - G Manessi
- CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, L697ZE Liverpool, UK
| | - N Dinar
- CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - E Aza
- CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - C Cassell
- Department of Energy, Politecnico of Milan, Via Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - M Silari
- CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - F Vanhavere
- Dosimetry and Calibration, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
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12
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Bedogni R, Gómez-Ros JM, Bortot D, Pola A, Introini MV, Esposito A, Gentile A, Mazzitelli G, Buonomo B. Development of single-exposure, multidetector neutron spectrometers: the NESCOFI@BTF project. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2014; 161:37-40. [PMID: 24255174 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nct286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
NESCOFI@BTF is a 3-y project (2011-13) supported by the Scientific Commission 5 of INFN (Italy). The target is the development of neutron spectrometers similar to the Bonner spheres, in terms of response energy interval and accuracy, but able to determine the neutron spectrum in only one exposure. These devices embed multiple (10 to 30) thermal neutron detectors (TNDs) within a single moderator. Two prototypes, called SPherical SPectrometer (SP(2)) and cylindrical spectrometer (CYSP), have been set up. Whilst SP(2) has spherical geometry and nearly isotropic response, the CYSP has cylindrical geometry and is intended to be used as a directional spectrometer. Suitable active TNDs will be embedded in the final version of the devices. The resulting instruments could be used as real-time neutron spectrometers in neutron-producing facilities. This communication describes the design criteria, numerical analysis, experimental issues, state-of-the-art and future developments connected with the development of these instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bedogni
- IFNF - LNF, via E. Fermi n. 40, Frascati, Roma 00044, Italy
| | - J M Gómez-Ros
- IFNF - LNF, via E. Fermi n. 40, Frascati, Roma 00044, Italy CIEMAT, Av. Complutense 40, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - D Bortot
- IFNF - LNF, via E. Fermi n. 40, Frascati, Roma 00044, Italy Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Energia, via Ponzio 34/3, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - A Pola
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Energia, via Ponzio 34/3, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - M V Introini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Energia, via Ponzio 34/3, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - A Esposito
- IFNF - LNF, via E. Fermi n. 40, Frascati, Roma 00044, Italy
| | - A Gentile
- IFNF - LNF, via E. Fermi n. 40, Frascati, Roma 00044, Italy
| | - G Mazzitelli
- IFNF - LNF, via E. Fermi n. 40, Frascati, Roma 00044, Italy
| | - B Buonomo
- IFNF - LNF, via E. Fermi n. 40, Frascati, Roma 00044, Italy
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Barros S, Mares V, Bedogni R, Reginatto M, Esposito A, F Gonçalves I, Vaz P, Rühm W. Comparison of unfolding codes for neutron spectrometry with Bonner spheres. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2014; 161:46-52. [PMID: 24442664 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nct353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This work compares the results of four different unfolding codes, MSANDB, MAXED, FRUIT and BONMA, which are based on different unfolding techniques. Additionally, Bayesian parameter estimation is also considered. All unfolding codes were supplied with the same set of input data acquired at the Environmental Research Station 'Schneefernerhaus' on the Zugspitze mountain, corresponding to continuous measurements of secondary neutrons from cosmic radiation. The HMGU high-energy extended Bonner sphere spectrometer (BSS), consisting of 16 measuring channels with (3)He proportional counters, was used as a reference BSS. The differences in the neutron spectra obtained with the different unfolding codes are discussed, and the uncertainties of integral quantities, like neutron fluence and ambient dose equivalent, are quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barros
- Instituto Superior Técnico, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (ao km 139,7), Bobadela LRS 2695-066, Portugal
| | - V Mares
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, HMGU, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| | - R Bedogni
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via E. Fermi, 40, Frascati (Roma) 00044, Italy
| | - M Reginatto
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig D-38116, Germany
| | - A Esposito
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via E. Fermi, 40, Frascati (Roma) 00044, Italy
| | - I F Gonçalves
- Instituto Superior Técnico, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (ao km 139,7), Bobadela LRS 2695-066, Portugal
| | - P Vaz
- Instituto Superior Técnico, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (ao km 139,7), Bobadela LRS 2695-066, Portugal
| | - W Rühm
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, HMGU, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
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Rühm W, Mares V, Pioch C, Agosteo S, Endo A, Ferrarini M, Rakhno I, Rollet S, Satoh D, Vincke H. Comparison of Bonner sphere responses calculated by different Monte Carlo codes at energies between 1 MeV and 1 GeV – Potential impact on neutron dosimetry at energies higher than 20 MeV. RADIAT MEAS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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