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Mohyedin MZ, Zin HM, Adenan MZ, Abdul Rahman AT. A Review of PRESAGE Radiochromic Polymer and the Compositions for Application in Radiotherapy Dosimetry. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2887. [PMID: 35890665 PMCID: PMC9320230 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in radiotherapy technology and techniques have allowed a highly conformal radiation to be delivered to the tumour target inside the body for cancer treatment. A three-dimensional (3D) dosimetry system is required to verify the accuracy of the complex treatment delivery. A 3D dosimeter based on the radiochromic response of a polymer towards ionising radiation has been introduced as the PRESAGE dosimeter. The polyurethane dosimeter matrix is combined with a leuco-dye and a free radical initiator, whose colour changes in proportion to the radiation dose. In the previous decade, PRESAGE gained improvement and enhancement as a 3D dosimeter. Notably, PRESAGE overcomes the limitations of its predecessors, the Fricke gel and the polymer gel dosimeters, which are challenging to fabricate and read out, sensitive to oxygen, and sensitive to diffusion. This article aims to review the characteristics of the radiochromic dosimeter and its clinical applications. The formulation of PRESAGE shows a delicate balance between the number of radical initiators, metal compounds, and catalysts to achieve stability, optimal sensitivity, and water equivalency. The applications of PRESAGE in advanced radiotherapy treatment verifications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zamir Mohyedin
- School of Physics and Material Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Centre of Astrophysics & Applied Radiation, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hafiz Mohd Zin
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas 13700, Penang, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Zulfadli Adenan
- Centre of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor Campus of Puncak Alam, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Ahmad Taufek Abdul Rahman
- School of Physics and Material Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Centre of Astrophysics & Applied Radiation, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
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Experimental characterization and Monte Carlo simulations of the dose enhancement on the millimeter scale of PAGAT infused with gadolinium. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Prediction of the presence of cupping artifacts for gel dosimeter based on considerations of scattered light in optical computed tomography measurements. RADIAT MEAS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2020.106437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Velten C, Wang YF, Adamovics J, Wuu CS. 3D isocentricity analysis for clinical linear accelerators. Med Phys 2020; 47:1460-1467. [PMID: 31970794 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To perform a three-dimensional (3D) concurrent isocentricity measurement of a clinical linear accelerator's (linac) using a single 3D dosimeter, PRESAGE. METHODS A 3D dosimeter, PRESAGE, set up on the treatment couch of a Varian TrueBeam LINAC using the setup lasers, was irradiated under gantry angles of 0 ∘ , 50 ∘ , 160 ∘ , and 270 ∘ with the couch fixed at 0 ∘ and subsequently, under couch angles of 10 ∘ , 330 ∘ , 300 ∘ , and 265 ∘ with the gantry fixed at 270 ∘ . The 1 cm 2 (at 100 cm SAD) square fields were delivered at 6 MV with 800 MU/field. After irradiation, the dosimeter was scanned using a single-beam optical scanner and images were reconstructed with submillimeter resolution using filtered back-projection. Postprocessing was used to extract views parallel to the star-shot planes from which beam trajectories and the smallest circles enclosing these were drawn and extracted. These circles and information from the view orthogonal to both star-shots were used to represent the rotational centers as spheroids. The linac isocenter was defined by the distribution of midpoints between any, randomly selected, points lying inside the center spheroids defined by the table and gantry rotations; isocenter location and size were defined by the average midpoint and the distribution's semi-axes. Collimator rotations were not included in this study. RESULTS Relative to the setup center defined by lasers, the table and gantry rotation center coordinates (lat., long., vert.) were measured in units of millimeters, to be (-0.24, 0.18, -0.52) and (0.10, 0.53, -0.52), respectively. Displacements from the setup center were 0.60 and 0.75 mm for the table and gantry centers, while the distance between them measured 0.49 mm. The linac's radiation isocenter was calculated to be at (-0.07, -0.17, 0.51) relative to the setup lasers and its size was found to be most easily described by a spheroid prolate in vertical direction with semi-axis lengths of 0.13 and 0.23 mm for the lateral-longitudinal and vertical directions, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates how to measure the location and sizes of rotational centers in 3D with one setup. The proposed method provides a more comprehensive view on the isocentricity of LINAC than the conventional two-dimensional film measurements. Additionally, a new definition of isocenter and its size was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Velten
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yi-Fang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Adamovics
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | - Cheng-Shie Wuu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Farhood B, Geraily G, Abtahi SMM. A systematic review of clinical applications of polymer gel dosimeters in radiotherapy. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 143:47-59. [PMID: 30390500 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy has rapidly improved because of the use of new equipment and techniques. Hence, the appeal for a feasible and accurate three-dimensional (3D) dosimetry system has increased. In this regard, gel dosimetry systems are accurate 3D dosimeters with high resolution. This systematic review evaluates the clinical applications of polymer gel dosimeters in radiotherapy. To find the clinical applications of polymer gel dosimeters in radiotherapy, a full systematic literature search was performed on the basis of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in electronic databases up to January 31, 2017, with use of search-related terms in the titles and abstracts of articles. A total of 765 articles were screened in accordance with our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eventually, 53 articles were included in the study. The findings show that most clinical applications of polymer gel dosimeters relate to external radiotherapy. Most of the gel dosimeters studied have acceptable dose accuracy as a 3D dosimeter with high resolution. It is difficult to judge which is the best polymer gel dosimeter to use in a clinical setting, because each gel dosimeter has advantages and limitations. For example, methacrylic acid-based gel dosimeters have high dose sensitivity and low toxicity, while their dose response is beam energy dependent; in contrast, N-isopropylacrylamide gel dosimeters have low dose resolution, but their sensitivity is lower and they are relatively toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, 8115187159 Kashan, Iran
| | - Ghazale Geraily
- Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Dosimetric and geometric characteristics of a small animal image‐guided irradiator using 3D dosimetry/opticalCTscanner. Med Phys 2018; 45:3330-3339. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Feasibility of dose enhancement assessment: Preliminary results by means of Gd-infused polymer gel dosimeter and Monte Carlo study. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 141:210-218. [PMID: 29678602 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the experimental development of an integral Gd-infused dosimeter suitable for Gd dose enhancement assessment along with Monte Carlo simulations applied to determine the dose enhancement by radioactive and X-ray sources of interest in conventional and electronic brachytherapy. In this context, capability to elaborate a stable and reliable Gd-infused dosimeter was the first goal aimed at direct and accurate measurements of dose enhancement due to Gd presence. Dose-response was characterized for standard and Gd-infused PAGAT polymer gel dosimeters by means of optical transmission/absorbance. The developed Gd-infused PAGAT dosimeters demonstrated to be stable presenting similar dose-response as standard PAGAT within a linear trend up to 13 Gy along with good post-irradiation readout stability verified at 24 and 48 h. Additionally, dose enhancement was evaluated for Gd-infused PAGAT dosimeters by means of Monte Carlo (PENELOPE) simulations considering scenarios for isotopic and X-ray generator sources. The obtained results demonstrated the feasibility of obtaining a maximum enhancement around of (14 ± 1)% for 192Ir source and an average enhancement of (70 ± 13)% for 241Am. However, dose enhancement up to (267 ± 18)% may be achieved if suitable filtering is added to the 241Am source. On the other hand, optimized X-ray spectra may attain dose enhancements up to (253 ± 22) %, which constitutes a promising future alternative for replacing radioactive sources by implementing electronic brachytherapy achieving high dose levels.
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Khezerloo D, Nedaie HA, Takavar A, Zirak A, Farhood B, Movahedinejhad H, Banaee N, Ahmadalidokht I, Knuap C. PRESAGE® as a solid 3-D radiation dosimeter: A review article. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Vedelago J, Obando DC, Malano F, Conejeros R, Figueroa R, Garcia D, González G, Romero M, Santibañez M, Strumia M, Velásquez J, Mattea F, Valente M. Fricke and polymer gel 2D dosimetry validation using Monte Carlo simulation. RADIAT MEAS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mattea F, Chacón D, Vedelago J, Valente M, Strumia MC. Polymer gel dosimeter based on itaconic acid. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 105:98-104. [PMID: 26275817 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A new polymeric dosimeter based on itaconic acid and N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide was studied. The preparation method, compositions of monomer and crosslinking agent and the presence of oxygen in the dosimetric system were analyzed. The resulting materials were irradiated with an X-ray tube at 158cGy/min, 226cGymin and 298cGy/min with doses up to 1000Gy. The dosimeters presented a linear response in the dose range 75-1000Gy, sensitivities of 0.037 1/Gyat 298cGy/min and an increase in the sensitivity with lower dose rates. One of the most relevant outcomes in this study was obtaining different monomer to crosslinker inclusion in the formed gel for the dosimeters where oxygen was purged during the preparation method. This effect has not been reported in other typical dosimeters and could be attributed to the large differences in the reactivity among these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo Mattea
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina; Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X (LIIFAMIR(X)) - Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía y Física, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - David Chacón
- Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X (LIIFAMIR(X)) - Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía y Física, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - José Vedelago
- Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X (LIIFAMIR(X)) - Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía y Física, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía y Física, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mauro Valente
- Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X (LIIFAMIR(X)) - Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía y Física, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía y Física, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Miriam C Strumia
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, CONICET, Argentina
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Abtahi SM, Aghamiri SMR, Khalafi H. Optical and MRI investigations of an optimized acrylamide-based polymer gel dosimeter. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-2983-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Qian X, Adamovics J, Wuu CS. Performance of an improved first generation optical CT scanner for 3D dosimetry. Phys Med Biol 2013; 58:N321-31. [PMID: 24262134 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/24/n321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Performance analysis of a modified 3D dosimetry optical scanner based on the first generation optical CT scanner OCTOPUS is presented. The system consists of PRESAGE dosimeters, the modified 3D scanner, and a new developed in-house user control panel written in Labview program which provides more flexibility to optimize mechanical control and data acquisition technique. The total scanning time has been significantly reduced from initial 8 h to ∼2 h by using the modified scanner. The functional performance of the modified scanner has been evaluated in terms of the mechanical integrity uncertainty of the data acquisition process. Optical density distribution comparison between the modified scanner, OCTOPUS and the treatment plan system has been studied. It has been demonstrated that the agreement between the modified scanner and treatment plans is comparable with that between the OCTOPUS and treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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