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Ferreira CVG, Piedade JS, Prado MRD, Benavente J, Mendes BM, Paixão L, Fonseca TCF. Monte Carlo calculation of whole body counter efficiency factors for different computational phantoms. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 194:110685. [PMID: 36758323 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Individual monitoring can provide an estimate of the radioactivity present in the body of the exposed individuals. Periodic monitoring of occupationally exposed individuals is of great importance in case of accidental incorporation. Computational phantoms and Monte Carlo codes are often used to complement the calibration method of counting systems in internal dosimetry. Here, counting efficiency (CE) factors for a WBC system were calculated using MC simulations. The WBC system with a NaI(Tl) detector and the BOMAB phantom was modeled using three MC codes. After validation, the models were used to obtain CE values for a wide range of energies, and a CE curve was generated for the WBC system. To estimate the effects of anatomical differences on the measurement process, two anthropomorphic voxel phantoms were modeled using the VMC code. For the detector position with the highest CE value, the differences when comparing BOMAB results with the MaMP and Yale results were (-1 ± 6)% and (-1 ± 3)%, respectively. The results confirm that the use of the BOMAB phantom is a good approach for the calibration of the whole-body counter system. Measurements should be made at detector position with the highest CE values, and it is recommended to use the mean Monte Carlo CE values calculated in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos V G Ferreira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Engenharia - Departamento de Engenharia Nuclear, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Técnicas Nucleares, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil.
| | - Jennifer S Piedade
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Medicina - Departamento de Anatomia e Imagem, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena 190, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Max R D Prado
- Centro universitário de Belo Horizonte, Av. Mário Werneck 1685, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - Jhonny Benavente
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Engenharia - Departamento de Engenharia Nuclear, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Técnicas Nucleares, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - Bruno M Mendes
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear - CDTN/CNEN, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Paixão
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Medicina - Departamento de Anatomia e Imagem, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena 190, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Telma C F Fonseca
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Engenharia - Departamento de Engenharia Nuclear, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Técnicas Nucleares, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil.
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Rabus H, Zankl M, Gómez-Ros JM, Villagrasa C, Eakins J, Huet C, Brkić H, Tanner R. Lessons learnt from the recent EURADOS intercomparisons in computational dosimetry. RADIAT MEAS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2022.106822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Comparison of Indian BOMAB and ICRP voxel phantom for calibration of shadow shield whole body counter. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 180:110020. [PMID: 34890882 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.110020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In-vivo whole body monitors are calibrated with various types of phantoms like Bottle Mannikin absorption phantom (BOMAB), IGOR phantom, Masonite cut sheet phantom, realistic numerical phantoms (NORMAN, ICRP voxel phantom). These phantoms contain either point sources, rod sources, uniform source or radionuclides distributed in soft tissues etc. In this study the efficiency values of Shadow Shield wholebody counter (SSC) for 137Cs and 60Co obtained theoretically using ICRP adult voxel male reference phantom (ICRP-AM) having sources distributed in soft tissues and muscles ICRP-AM(S) are compared with the measured efficiencies of Indian BOMAB phantom having mid axial source distribution (BOM-I(A)). The results show that the efficiency value of BOM-I(A) for 137Cs and 60Co is 30% and 20% lower respectively compared to that of ICRP-AM(S). This is due to the variation in size, composition and source distribution between the two phantoms. Study using Indian Voxel phantom shows that the increase in the size of ICRP-AM contributed to an increase of 14% for 137Cs. In case of 60Co the size did not have any influence. Uniform distribution has 9% and 17% higher efficiency than axial distribution for 137Cs and 60Co respectively as shown by the simulation study using uniformly filled Indian BOMAB phantom (BOM-I(U)). The actual tissue composition and source distribution in soft tissue as shown by Indian voxel has efficiencies 12-14% higher compared to BOM-I(U). The systemic error due to the axial source distribution is recognized and quantified to be 22-25% lower compared to that of a realistic phantom with radionuclides in soft tissue and muscle. This study has resulted in an efficiency of the system using Indian realistic Voxel phantom. The efficiencies are 0.65 CPS/kBq for 137Cs and 0.49 CPS/kBq for 60Co.
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Zankl M, Eakins J, Gómez Ros JM, Huet C, Jansen J, Moraleda M, Reichelt U, Struelens L, Vrba T. EURADOS intercomparison on the usage of the ICRP/ICRU adult reference computational phantoms. RADIAT MEAS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2021.106596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gómez-Ros JM, Moraleda M, Arce P, Bui DK, Dang TML, Desorgher L, Kim HS, Krstic D, Kuć M, Le NT, Lee YK, Nguyen NQ, Nikezic D, Tymińska K, Vrba T. Monte Carlo calculation of the organ equivalent dose and effective dose due to immersion in a 16N beta source in air using the ICRP reference phantoms. RADIAT MEAS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2021.106612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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6
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Nadar MY, Akar DK, Mishra L, Patni HK, Singh IS, Sawant PD. Monte Carlo simulation of enriched uranium in the lungs of thorax voxel phantom for assessment of enrichment and its effect on dose. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 173:109721. [PMID: 33895528 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In-vivo lung monitoring is an important technique for the assessment of internal dose of radiation workers handling actinides. At BARC, counting efficiencies (CEs) of detection systems used for estimation of natural uranium in the lungs are evaluated using realistic thorax physical phantoms or computational voxel phantoms. The quantification of 238U and 235U in lungs is done using CEs determined at 63.3 keV and 185.7 keV photon energies respectively. These CEs can also be used for assessment of enriched uranium in the lungs of the workers. In this study, spectra are generated for HPGe array detectors using Monte Carlo simulations of various enriched uranium compositions distributed in the lungs of thorax voxel phantom. A methodology is developed to predict the 235U enrichment from lung spectrum analysis using the ratio of net counts in 185.7 keV and 63.3 keV energy regions. It is possible to estimate enrichments in the range of 2%-30% using the developed method with less than ±9% error. Finally, effect of 235U enrichment on dose assessment using lung monitoring method is studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Nadar
- Radiation Safety Systems Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India.
| | - D K Akar
- Radiation Safety Systems Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - L Mishra
- Radiation Safety Systems Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - H K Patni
- Radiation Safety Systems Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - I S Singh
- Radiation Safety Systems Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - P D Sawant
- Radiation Safety Systems Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
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7
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Rabus H, Gómez-Ros JM, Villagrasa C, Eakins J, Vrba T, Blideanu V, Zankl M, Tanner R, Struelens L, Brkić H, Domingo C, Baiocco G, Caccia B, Huet C, Ferrari P. Quality assurance for the use of computational methods in dosimetry: activities of EURADOS Working Group 6 'Computational Dosimetry'. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2021; 41:46-58. [PMID: 33406511 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/abd914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Working Group (WG) 6 'Computational Dosimetry' of the European Radiation Dosimetry Group promotes good practice in the application of computational methods for radiation dosimetry in radiation protection and the medical use of ionising radiation. Its cross-sectional activities within the association cover a large range of current topics in radiation dosimetry, including more fundamental studies of radiation effects in complex systems. In addition, WG 6 also performs scientific research and development as well as knowledge transfer activities, such as training courses. Monte Carlo techniques, including the use of anthropomorphic and other numerical phantoms based on voxelised geometrical models, play a strong part in the activities pursued in WG 6. However, other aspects and techniques, such as neutron spectra unfolding, have an important role as well. A number of intercomparison exercises have been carried out in the past to provide information on the accuracy with which computational methods are applied and whether best practice is being followed. Within the exercises that are still ongoing, the focus has changed towards assessing the uncertainty that can be achieved with these computational methods. Furthermore, the future strategy of WG 6 also includes an extension of the scope toward experimental benchmark activities and evaluation of cross-sections and algorithms, with the vision of establishing a gold standard for Monte Carlo methods used in medical and radiobiological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rabus
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - J M Gómez-Ros
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - C Villagrasa
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - J Eakins
- Public Health England (PHE), Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - T Vrba
- Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Blideanu
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Saclay, France
| | - M Zankl
- Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - R Tanner
- Public Health England (PHE), Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - L Struelens
- Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK·CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - H Brkić
- J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek (MEFOS), Osijek, Croatia
| | - C Domingo
- Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Baiocco
- Physics Department, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - B Caccia
- National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - C Huet
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - P Ferrari
- National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Bologna, Italy
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Nogueira P, Rühm W. Person-specific calibration of a partial body counter used for individualised Am 241skull measurements. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2020; 40:1362-1389. [PMID: 33017814 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/abbe36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of bone seeking alpha-emitting radionuclides such as241Am are of special concern, due to the potential of alpha particles to damage the extremely radiation-sensitive bone marrow. In the case of an internal contamination with241Am, directin vivomeasurements using Gamma-detectors are typically used to quantify the incorporated activity. Such detectors need to be calibrated with an anatomical phantom, for example of the skull, of known241Am activity that reproduces the anatomy of the measured individual as closely as possible. Any difference in anatomy and material composition between phantom and individual will bias the estimation of the incorporated activity. Consequently, in this work the impact of the most important anatomical parameters on detection efficiency of one of the germanium detectors of the Helmholtz Center Munich (HMGU) partial body counter were systematically studied. For that a detailed model of the germanium detector was implemented in the Monte Carlo codes GEANT4 and MCNPX. To simulate the detector efficiency, various skull voxel phantoms were used. By changing the phantom dimensions and geometry the impact of parameters such as shape and size of the skull, thickness of tissue covering the skull bone, distribution of241Am across the scull and within the skull bone matrix, on the detector efficiency was studied. Approaches to correct for these parameters were specifically developed for three physical skull phantoms for which Voxel phantoms were available: Case 102 USTUR phantom, Max-06 phantom, BfS phantom. Based on the impact of each parameter, correction factors for an 'individual-specific' calibration were calculated and applied to a real241Am contamination case reported in 2014. It was found that the incorporated241Am activity measured with the HMGU partial body counter was about twice as large as that estimated when using the BfS skull phantom without applying any correction factor for person-specific parameters. It is concluded that the approach developed in the present study should in the future be applied routinely for skull phantom measurements, because it allows for a considerably improved reconstruction of incorporated241Am using partial body counters.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Nogueira
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Herwigstraße 31, 27572 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - W Rühm
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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9
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Karami M, Miri-Hakimabad H, Hoseinian-Azghadi E, Mohammadi N. A method for assessing subject-specific counting efficiency of whole-body monitoring systems for radioiodine measurements. RADIAT MEAS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2020.106430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Rühm W, Ainsbury E, Breustedt B, Caresana M, Gilvin P, Knežević Ž, Rabus H, Stolarczyk L, Vargas A, Bottollier-Depois J, Harrison R, Lopez M, Stadtmann H, Tanner R, Vanhavere F, Woda C, Clairand I, Fantuzzi E, Fattibene P, Hupe O, Olko P, Olšovcová V, Schuhmacher H, Alves J, Miljanic S. The European radiation dosimetry group – Review of recent scientific achievements. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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López MA, Nogueira P, Vrba T, Tanner RJ, Rühm W, Tolmachev SY. Measurements and Monte Carlo Simulations of 241Am Activities in Three Skull Phantoms: EURADOS-USTUR Collaboration. HEALTH PHYSICS 2019; 117:193-201. [PMID: 31022011 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An international intercomparison was organized by Working Group 7, Internal Dosimetry, of the European Radiation Dosimetry Group in collaboration with Working Group 6, Computational Dosimetry, for measurement and Monte Carlo simulation of Am in three skull phantoms. The main objectives of this combined exercise were (1) comparison of the results of counting efficiency in fixed positions over each head phantom using different germanium detector systems, (2) calculation of the activity of Am in the skulls, (3) comparison of Monte Carlo simulations with measurements (spectrum and counting efficiency), and (4) comparison of phantom performance. This initiative collected knowledge on equipment, detector arrangements, calibration procedures, and phantoms used around the world for in vivo monitoring of Am in exposed persons, as well as on the Monte Carlo skills and tools of participants. Three skull phantoms (BfS, USTUR, and CSR phantoms) were transported from Europe (10 laboratories) to North America (United States and Canada). The BfS skull was fabricated with real human bone artificially labeled with Am. The USTUR skull phantom was made from the US Transuranium and Uranium Registries whole-body donor (case 0102) who was contaminated due to an occupational intake of Am; one-half of the skull corresponds to real contaminated bone, the other half is real human bone from a noncontaminated person. Finally, the CSR phantom was fabricated as a simple hemisphere of equivalent bone and tissue material. The three phantoms differ in weight, size, and shape, which made them suitable for an efficiency study. Based on their own skull calibration, the participants calculated the activity in the three European Radiation Dosimetry Group head phantoms. The Monte Carlo intercomparison was organized in parallel with the measurement exercise using the voxel representations of the three physical phantoms; there were 16 participants. Three tasks were identified with increasing difficulty: (1) Monte Carlo simulation of the simple CSR hemisphere and the Helmholz Zentrum München high-purity germanium detector for calculating the counting efficiency for the 59.54 keV photons of Am, in established measurement geometry; (2) Monte Carlo simulation of particular measurement geometries using the BfS and USTUR voxel phantoms and the Helmholz Zentrum München high-purity germanium detector detector; and (3) application of Monte Carlo methodology to calculate the calibration factor of each participant for the detector system and counting geometry (single or multidetector arrangement) to be used for monitoring a person in each in vivo facility, using complex skull phantoms. The results of both exercises resulted in the conclusion that none of the three available head phantoms is appropriate as a reference phantom for the calibration of germanium detection systems for measuring Am in exposed adult persons. The main reasons for this are: (1) lack of homogeneous activity distribution in the bone material, or (2) inadequate shape/size for simulating an adult skull. Good agreement was found between Monte Carlo results and measurements, which supports Monte Carlo calibration of body counters as an alternative method when appropriate physical phantoms are not available and the detector and source are well known.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Antonia López
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Radiation Dosimetry Unit, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Tomas Vrba
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Werner Rühm
- HMGU, Helmholtz ZentrumMünchen, National Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sergei Y Tolmachev
- USTUR, US Transuranium and Uranium Registries, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University
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Alves JG, Fantuzzi E, Rühm W, Gilvin P, Vargas A, Tanner R, Rabus H, Lopez MA, Breustedt B, Harrison R, Stolarczyk L, Fattibene P, Woda C, Caresana M, Knežević Ž, Bottollier-Depois JF, Clairand I, Mayer S, Miljanic S, Olko P, Schuhmacher H, Stadtmann H, Vanhavere F. EURADOS education and training activities. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2019; 39:R37-R50. [PMID: 31307030 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ab3256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides a summary of the Education and Training (E&T) activities that have been developed and organised by the European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) in recent years and in the case of Training Courses over the last decade. These E&T actions include short duration Training Courses on well-established topics organised within the activity of EURADOS Working Groups (WGs), or one-day events integrated in the EURADOS Annual Meeting (workshops, winter schools, the intercomparison participants' sessions and the learning network, among others). Moreover, EURADOS has recently established a Young Scientist Grant and a Young Scientist Award. The Grant supports young scientists by encouraging them to perform research projects at other laboratories of the EURADOS network. The Award is given in recognition of excellent work developed within the WGs' work programme. Additionally, EURADOS supports the dissemination of knowledge in radiation dosimetry by promoting and endorsing conferences such as the individual monitoring (IM) series, the neutron and ion dosimetry symposia (NEUDOS) and contributions to E&T sessions at specific events.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Alves
- EURADOS, EURADOS e.V. Postfach 1129, D-85758 Neuherberg, Germany. Universidade de Lisboa (UL), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Laboratório de Proteção e Segurança Radiológica (LPSR), Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal. Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares (DECN), Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), do IST, Portugal
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Beaumont T, Onoma P, Rimlinger M, Broggio D, Caldeira Ideias P, Franck D. Age-Specific Experimental and Computational Calibration of Thyroid <italic>in vivo</italic> Monitoring. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2018.2829931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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14
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Breustedt B, Blanchardon E, Castellani CM, Etherington G, Franck D, Giussani A, Hofmann W, Lebacq AL, Li WB, Noßke D, Lopez MA. EURADOS work on internal dosimetry. Ann ICRP 2018; 47:75-82. [PMID: 29664321 DOI: 10.1177/0146645318756232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) Working Group 7 is a network on internal dosimetry that brings together researchers from more than 60 institutions in 21 countries. The work of the group is organised into task groups that focus on different aspects, such as development and implementation of biokinetic models (e.g. for diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid decorporation therapy), individual monitoring and the dose assessment process, Monte Carlo simulations for internal dosimetry, uncertainties in internal dosimetry, and internal microdosimetry. Several intercomparison exercises and training courses have been organised. The IDEAS guidelines, which describe - based on the International Commission on Radiological Protection's (ICRP) biokinetic models and dose coefficients - a structured approach to the assessment of internal doses from monitoring data, are maintained and updated by the group. In addition, Technical Recommendations for Monitoring Individuals for Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides have been elaborated on behalf of the European Commission, DG-ENER (TECHREC Project, 2014-2016, coordinated by EURADOS). Quality assurance of the ICRP biokinetic models by calculation of retention and excretion functions for different scenarios has been performed and feedback was provided to ICRP. An uncertainty study of the recent caesium biokinetic model quantified the overall uncertainties, and identified the sensitive parameters of the model. A report with guidance on the application of ICRP biokinetic models and dose coefficients is being drafted at present. These and other examples of the group's activities, which complement the work of ICRP, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Breustedt
- a Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Safety and Environment - Radioanalytical Laboratories, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - E Blanchardon
- b Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, France
| | - C-M Castellani
- c ENEA Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Radiation Protection Institute, Italy
| | | | - D Franck
- b Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, France
| | - A Giussani
- e Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Germany
| | - W Hofmann
- f University of Salzburg, Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Austria
| | - A-L Lebacq
- g SCK-CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Belgium
| | - W B Li
- h Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Germany
| | - D Noßke
- i Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Germany (retired)
| | - M A Lopez
- j Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Spain
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15
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Moraleda M, Gómez-Ros JM. NUMERICAL ASSESSMENT OF 131I DEPOSITED IN THYROID FOR NON-STANDARD SITUATIONS. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 170:364-368. [PMID: 26705352 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
At the CIEMAT whole-body counter, a low-energy germanium detector is used for the in vivo assessment of (131)I activity in thyroid, mainly for the individual monitoring programmes of workers. The detector is calibrated with a cylindrical neck phantom made of polymethyl methacrylate that mimics the neck of an adult, containing a vial with a radioactive solution. For an accurate activity assessment, it is necessary to perform the calibration of the detector with phantoms that closely reproduce the anatomy of a real person. Nevertheless, it is not affordable to count on a variety of physical phantoms covering the different anatomical characteristics that could be found over the whole population, including children. An alternative approach to face this situation is offered by the numerical calibration procedure based on Monte Carlo calculations in conjunction with realistic voxel phantoms. A series of computational voxel phantoms of different ages and dimensions have been used in this work to simulate an internal contamination of the thyroid and to estimate the response of the detector for measurements involving individuals whose anatomical characteristics differ from the reference adult man.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moraleda
- CIEMAT, Avd. Complutense 40, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Breustedt B, Broggio D, Gomez-Ros JM, Leone D, Marzocchi O, Poelz S, Shutt A, Lopez MA. THE EURADOS-KIT TRAINING COURSE ON MONTE CARLO METHODS FOR THE CALIBRATION OF BODY COUNTERS. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 170:446-450. [PMID: 27103642 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Monte Carlo (MC) methods are numerical simulation techniques that can be used to extend the scope of calibrations performed in in vivo monitoring laboratories. These methods allow calibrations to be carried out for a much wider range of body shapes and sizes than would be feasible using physical phantoms. Unfortunately, nowadays, this powerful technique is still used mainly in research institutions only. In 2013, EURADOS and the in vivo monitoring laboratory of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) organized a 3-d training course to disseminate knowledge on the application of MC methods for in vivo monitoring. It was intended as a hands-on course centered around an exercise which guided the participants step by step through the calibration process using a simplified version of KIT's equipment. Only introductory lectures on in vivo monitoring and voxel models were given. The course was based on MC codes of the MCNP family, widespread in the community. The strong involvement of the participants and the working atmosphere in the classroom as well as the formal evaluation of the course showed that the approach chosen was appropriate. Participants liked the hands-on approach and the extensive course materials on the exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Breustedt
- Safety and Environment, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - D Broggio
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN/PRP-HOM/S/LEDI, BP-17 F-92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - D Leone
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - O Marzocchi
- European Patent Office, Patentlaan 1, 2288EE Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - S Poelz
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - A Shutt
- PHE, CRCE, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - M A Lopez
- CIEMAT, Av. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Vrba T, Broggio D, Caldeira M, Capello K, Fantínová K, Franck D, Gómez-Ros JM, Hunt J, Kinase S, Leone D, Lombardo PA, Manohari M, Marzocchi O, Moraleda M, Nogueira P, Ośko J, Arron S, Suhl S, Takahashi M, Teles P, Tremblay M, Tymińska K, Lopez MA, Tanner R. EURADOS intercomparison exercise on MC modelling for the in-vivo monitoring of AM-241 in skull phantoms (Part II and III). Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Monte Carlo simulation of shielded chair whole body counting system with Masonite cut sheet phantom. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Liye L, Hua L, Wei C, Yunshi X, Qinjian C, Yuan Z, Junli L. Adjustment of chest wall thickness of voxel phantom for numerical efficiency calibration of lung counters. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2014; 162:563-568. [PMID: 24399109 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nct359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A modification method was implemented to adjust the chest wall thickness of human voxel phantom for the purpose of numerical efficiency calibration of lung counters. This method was based on two basic mathematical morphology operations (dilation and erosion) and combined with proper structure elements. The voxel model of LLNL torso phantom was used as a reference to validate the modification process. The chest wall was mathematically modified from the starting phantom with no overlay plate to the target with an overlay plate of 24-mm thickness. The influences of different structure elements on detection efficiency were discussed. When diamond or square structure elements were used, the calculated efficiency was overestimated or underestimated by ∼40 % for 17.5-keV photons, compared with that of target phantom. In contrast, it was shown a good agreement with a deviation of <3 % when the hybrid structure elements were adopted. A similar adjustment method can be used for 3D modification of human voxel phantom to keep the body's anatomical geometry without distortion during the adjustment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Liye
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Li Hua
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Cheng Wei
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiao Yunshi
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Cao Qinjian
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhao Yuan
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Li Junli
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Vrba T, Nogueira P, Broggio D, Caldeira M, Capello K, Fantínová K, Figueira C, Hunt J, Leone D, Murugan M, Marzocchi O, Moraleda M, Shutt A, Suh S, Takahashi M, Tymińska K, Antonia Lopez M, Tanner R. EURADOS intercomparison exercise on MC modeling for the in-vivo monitoring of Am-241 in skull phantoms (Part I). Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pölz S, Laubersheimer S, Eberhardt JS, Harrendorf MA, Keck T, Benzler A, Breustedt B. Voxel2MCNP: a framework for modeling, simulation and evaluation of radiation transport scenarios for Monte Carlo codes. Phys Med Biol 2013; 58:5381-400. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/16/5381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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