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Waldner L, Bernhardsson C, Woda C, Trompier F, Van Hoey O, Kulka U, Oestreicher U, Bassinet C, Rääf C, Discher M, Endesfelder D, Eakins JS, Gregoire E, Wojcik A, Ristic Y, Kim H, Lee J, Yu H, Kim MC, Abend M, Ainsbury E. The 2019-2020 EURADOS WG10 and RENEB Field Test of Retrospective Dosimetry Methods in a Small-Scale Incident Involving Ionizing Radiation. Radiat Res 2021; 195:253-264. [PMID: 33347576 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00243.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
With the use of ionizing radiation comes the risk of accidents and malevolent misuse. When unplanned exposures occur, there are several methods which can be used to retrospectively reconstruct individual radiation exposures; biological methods include analysis of aberrations and damage of chromosomes and DNA, while physical methods rely on luminescence (TL/OSL) or EPR signals. To ensure the quality and dependability of these methods, they should be evaluated under realistic exposure conditions. In 2019, EURADOS Working Group 10 and RENEB organized a field test with the purpose of evaluating retrospective dosimetry methods as carried out in potential real-life exposure scenarios. A 1.36 TBq 192Ir source was used to irradiate anthropomorphic phantoms in different geometries at doses of several Gy in an outdoor open-air geometry. Materials intended for accident dosimetry (including mobile phones and blood) were placed on the phantoms together with reference dosimeters (LiF, NaCl, glass). The objective was to estimate radiation exposures received by individuals as measured using blood and fortuitous materials, and to evaluate these methods by comparing the estimated doses to reference measurements and Monte Carlo simulations. Herein we describe the overall planning, goals, execution and preliminary outcomes of the 2019 field test. Such field tests are essential for the development of new and existing methods. The outputs from this field test include useful experience in terms of planning and execution of future exercises, with respect to time management, radiation protection, and reference dosimetry to be considered to obtain relevant data for analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Waldner
- Lund University, Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö, Sweden
| | - C Bernhardsson
- Lund University, Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö, Sweden
| | - C Woda
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - F Trompier
- Lund University, Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö, Sweden
| | - O Van Hoey
- Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Belgium
| | - U Kulka
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, BfS, Department of Radiation Protection and Health, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - U Oestreicher
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, BfS, Department of Radiation Protection and Health, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - C Bassinet
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - C Rääf
- Lund University, Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Discher
- Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Department of Geography and Geology, Salzburg, Austria
| | - D Endesfelder
- Lund University, Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J S Eakins
- Public Health England, CRCE, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - E Gregoire
- Lund University, Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Wojcik
- Stockholm University, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Sweden and Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Y Ristic
- Lund University, Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö, Sweden
| | - H Kim
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Division of Radiation Safety Management, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - J Lee
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Division of Radiation Safety Management, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - H Yu
- Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, Department of Radiological Emergency Preparedness, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - M C Kim
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Division of Radiation Safety Management, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - M Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - E Ainsbury
- Public Health England, CRCE, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
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McKeever SWS, Sholom S, Chandler JR. DEVELOPMENTS IN THE USE OF THERMOLUMINESCENCE AND OPTICALLY STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE FROM MOBILE PHONES IN EMERGENCY DOSIMETRY. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2020; 192:205-235. [PMID: 33406531 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncaa208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Proposed physical dosimetry methods for emergency dosimetry in radiological, mass-casualty incidents include both thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). Potential materials that could feasibly be used for TL and OSL dosimetry include clothing, shoes and personal accessories. However, the most popular target of study has been personal electronics, especially different components from smartphones. Smartphones have been a focus because they are widely available and, in principle, may be viewed as surrogates for commercial TL or OSL dosimeters. The components of smartphones that have been studied include surface mount devices (such as resistors, capacitors and inductors) and glass materials, including front protective glass, display glass and (with more modern devices) back protective glass. This paper reviews the most recent developments in the use of TL and OSL with these materials and guides the way to future, and urgently needed, research.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W S McKeever
- Radiation Dosimetry Group, Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74074, USA
| | - S Sholom
- Radiation Dosimetry Group, Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74074, USA
| | - J R Chandler
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Tennessee, TN 87996, USA
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