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Senwitz C, Butscher D, Holtmann L, Vogel M, Steudtner R, Drobot B, Stumpf T, Barkleit A, Heller A. Effect of Ba(II), Eu(III), and U(VI) on rat NRK-52E and human HEK-293 kidney cells in vitro. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171374. [PMID: 38432374 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metals pose a potential health risk to humans when they enter the organism. Renal excretion is one of the elimination pathways and, therefore, investigations with kidney cells are of particular interest. In the present study, the effects of Ba(II), Eu(III), and U(VI) on rat and human renal cells were investigated in vitro. A combination of microscopic, biochemical, analytical, and spectroscopic methods was used to assess cell viability, cell death mechanisms, and intracellular metal uptake of exposed cells as well as metal speciation in cell culture medium and inside cells. For Eu(III) and U(VI), cytotoxicity and intracellular uptake are positively correlated and depend on concentration and exposure time. An enhanced apoptosis occurs upon Eu(III) exposure whereas U(VI) exposure leads to enhanced apoptosis and (secondary) necrosis. In contrast to that, Ba(II) exhibits no cytotoxic effect at all and its intracellular uptake is time-independently very low. In general, both cell lines give similar results with rat cells being more sensitive than human cells. The dominant binding motifs of Eu(III) in cell culture medium as well as cell suspensions are (organo-) phosphate groups. Additionally, a protein complex is formed in medium at low Eu(III) concentration. In contrast, U(VI) forms a carbonate complex in cell culture medium as well as each one phosphate and carbonate complex in cell suspensions. Using chemical microscopy, Eu(III) was localized in granular, vesicular compartments near the nucleus and the intracellular Eu(III) species equals the one in cell suspensions. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of the interactions of Ba(II), Eu(III), and U(VI) on a cellular and molecular level. Since Ba(II) and Eu(III) serve as inactive analogs of the radioactive Ra(II) and Am(III)/Cm(III), the results of this study are also of importance for the health risk assessment of these radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Senwitz
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Professorship of Radiochemistry/Radioecology, 01062 Dresden, Germany; Technische Universität Dresden, SG 4.6 Radiation Protection, Central Radionuclide Laboratory, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Butscher
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Linus Holtmann
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute of Radioecology and Radiation Protection, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Manja Vogel
- VKTA - Strahlenschutz, Analytik & Entsorgung Rossendorf e.V, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Robin Steudtner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Björn Drobot
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stumpf
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Professorship of Radiochemistry/Radioecology, 01062 Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Astrid Barkleit
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Heller
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Professorship of Radiochemistry/Radioecology, 01062 Dresden, Germany; Technische Universität Dresden, SG 4.6 Radiation Protection, Central Radionuclide Laboratory, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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Lai EPC, Li C. Actinide Decorporation: A Review on Chelation Chemistry and Nanocarriers for Pulmonary Administration. Radiat Res 2022; 198:430-443. [PMID: 35943882 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00004.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Chelation is considered the best method for detoxification by promoting excretion of actinides (Am, Np, Pu, Th, U) from the human body after internal contamination. Chemical agents that possess carboxylic acid or hydroxypyridinonate groups play a vital role in actinide decorporation. In this review article, we provide considerable background details on the chelation chemistry of actinides with an aim to formulate better decorporation agents. Nanocarriers for pulmonary delivery represent an exciting prospect in the development of novel therapies for actinide decorporation that both reduce toxic side effects of the agent and improve its retention in the body. Recent studies have demonstrated the benefits of using a nebulizer or an inhaler to administer chelating agents for the decorporation of actinides. Effective chelation therapy with large groups of internally contaminated people can be a challenge unless both the agent and the nanocarrier are readily available from strategic national stockpiles for radiological or nuclear emergencies. Sunflower lecithin is particularly adept at alleviating the burden of administration when used to form liposomes as a nanocarrier for pulmonary delivery of diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) or hydroxypyridinone (HOPO). Better physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models must be developed for each agent in order to minimize the frequency of multiple doses that can overload the emergency response operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward P C Lai
- Ottawa-Carleton Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Chunsheng Li
- Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 1C1, Canada
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Zhao Y, Chen C, Feng W, Zhang Z, Xu D, Shi W, Wang S, Li YF. Professor Zhifang Chai: Scientific Contributions and Achievements. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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