1
|
Federico MB, Siri SO, Calzetta NL, Paviolo NS, de la Vega MB, Martino J, Campana MC, Wiesmüller L, Gottifredi V. Unscheduled MRE11 activity triggers cell death but not chromosome instability in polymerase eta-depleted cells subjected to UV irradiation. Oncogene 2020; 39:3952-3964. [PMID: 32203168 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The elimination of DNA polymerase eta (pol η) causes discontinuous DNA elongation and fork stalling in UV-irradiated cells. Such alterations in DNA replication are followed by S-phase arrest, DNA double-strand break (DSB) accumulation, and cell death. However, their molecular triggers and the relative timing of these events have not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that DSBs accumulate relatively early after UV irradiation in pol η-depleted cells. Despite the availability of repair pathways, DSBs persist and chromosome instability (CIN) is not detectable. Later on cells with pan-nuclear γH2AX and massive exposure of template single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), which indicate severe replication stress, accumulate and such events are followed by cell death. Reinforcing the causal link between the accumulation of pan-nuclear ssDNA/γH2AX signals and cell death, downregulation of RPA increased both replication stress and the cell death of pol η-deficient cells. Remarkably, DSBs, pan-nuclear ssDNA/γH2AX, S-phase arrest, and cell death are all attenuated by MRE11 nuclease knockdown. Such results suggest that unscheduled MRE11-dependent activities at replicating DNA selectively trigger cell death, but not CIN. Together these results show that pol η-depletion promotes a type of cell death that may be attractive as a therapeutic tool because of the lack of CIN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Federico
- Cell Cycle and Genomic Stability laboratory. Fundación Instituto Leloir. CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Omar Siri
- Cell Cycle and Genomic Stability laboratory. Fundación Instituto Leloir. CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Luis Calzetta
- Cell Cycle and Genomic Stability laboratory. Fundación Instituto Leloir. CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Soledad Paviolo
- Cell Cycle and Genomic Stability laboratory. Fundación Instituto Leloir. CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Belén de la Vega
- Cell Cycle and Genomic Stability laboratory. Fundación Instituto Leloir. CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Martino
- Cell Cycle and Genomic Stability laboratory. Fundación Instituto Leloir. CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Carolina Campana
- Cell Cycle and Genomic Stability laboratory. Fundación Instituto Leloir. CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lisa Wiesmüller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, D-89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Vanesa Gottifredi
- Cell Cycle and Genomic Stability laboratory. Fundación Instituto Leloir. CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stewart RD. Induction of DNA Damage by Light Ions Relative to 60Co γ-rays. Int J Part Ther 2018; 5:25-39. [PMID: 31773018 PMCID: PMC6871587 DOI: 10.14338/ijpt-18-00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific types and numbers of clusters of DNA lesions, including both DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and non-DSB clusters, are widely considered 1 of the most important initiating events underlying the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of the light ions of interest in the treatment of cancer related to megavoltage x-rays and 60Co γ-rays. This review summarizes the categorization of DNA damage, reviews the underlying mechanisms of action by ionizing radiation, and quantifies the general trends in DSB and non-DSB cluster formation by light ions under normoxic and anoxic conditions, as predicted by Monte Carlo simulations that reflect the accumulated evidence from decades of research on radiation damage to DNA. The significance of the absolute and relative numbers of clusters and the local complexity of DSB and non-DSB clusters are discussed in relation to the formation of chromosome aberrations and the loss of cell reproductive capacity. Clinical implications of the dependence of DSB induction on ionization density is reviewed with an eye towards increasing the therapeutic ratio of proton and carbon ion therapy through the explicit optimization of RBE-weighted dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Stewart
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sarıgöl Kılıç Z, Aydın S, Ündeğer Bucurgat Ü, Başaran N. In vitro genotoxicity assessment of dinitroaniline herbicides pendimethalin and trifluralin. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 113:90-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
4
|
Orta ML, Pastor N, Burgos-Morón E, Domínguez I, Calderón-Montaño JM, Huertas Castaño C, López-Lázaro M, Helleday T, Mateos S. Zebularine induces replication-dependent double-strand breaks which are preferentially repaired by homologous recombination. DNA Repair (Amst) 2017; 57:116-124. [PMID: 28732309 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Zebularine is a second-generation, highly stable hydrophilic inhibitor of DNA methylation with oral bioavailability that preferentially target cancer cells. It acts primarily as a trap for DNA methyl transferases (DNMTs) protein by forming covalent complexes between DNMT protein and zebularine-substrate DNA. It's well documented that replication-blocking DNA lesions can cause replication fork collapse and thereby to the formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). DSB are dangerous lesions that can lead to potentially oncogenic genomic rearrangements or cell death. The two major pathways for repair of DSB are non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). Recently, multiple functions for the HR machinery have been identified at arrested forks. Here we investigate in more detail the importance of the lesions induced by zebularine in terms of DNA damage and cytotoxicity as well as the role of HR in the repair of these lesions. When we examined the contribution of NHEJ and HR in the repair of DSB induced by zebularine we found that these breaks were preferentially repaired by HR. Also we show that the production of DSB is dependent on active replication. To test this, we determined chromosome damage by zebularine while transiently inhibiting DNA synthesis. Here we report that cells deficient in single-strand break (SSB) repair are hypersensitive to zebularine. We have observed more DSB induced by zebularine in XRCC1 deficient cells, likely to be the result of conversion of SSB into toxic DSB when encountered by a replication fork. Furthermore we demonstrate that HR is required for the repair of these breaks. Overall, our data suggest that zebularine induces replication-dependent DSB which are preferentially repaired by HR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Luis Orta
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, Spain,.
| | - Nuria Pastor
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Estefanía Burgos-Morón
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, c/Professor García González, No. 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Domínguez
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - José Manuel Calderón-Montaño
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, c/Professor García González, No. 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Carlos Huertas Castaño
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel López-Lázaro
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, c/Professor García González, No. 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, S-17121, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Santiago Mateos
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, Spain,.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jia Y, Weng Z, Wang C, Zhu M, Lu Y, Ding L, Wang Y, Cheng X, Lin Q, Wu K. Increased chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of human breast cancer cell lines treated with novel functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:206-214. [PMID: 28123543 PMCID: PMC5245142 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a major cause of treatment resistance in breast cancer. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) exhibit unique properties that make them promising candidates for breast cancer treatment. In the present study, a new functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube carrying oxygen was synthesized; it was determined whether this material could increase chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of human breast cancer cell lines, and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. MDA-MB-231 cells growing in folic acid (FA) free medium, MDA-MB-231 cells growing in medium containing FA and ZR-75-1 cells were treated with chemotherapy drugs or radiotherapy with or without tombarthite-modified-FA-chitosan (R-O2-FA-CHI)-SWCNTs under hypoxic conditions, and the cell viability was determined by water-soluble tetrazolium salts-1 assay. The cell surviving fractions were determined by colony forming assay. Cell apoptosis induction was monitored by flow cytometry. Expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), survivin, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP-1), P-glycoprotein (P-gp), RAD51 and Ku80 was monitored by western blotting. The novel synthesized R-O2-FA-CHI-SWCNTs were able to significantly enhance the chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of human breast cancer cell lines and the material exhibited its expected function by downregulating the expression of Bcl-2, survivin, HIF-1α, P-gp, MRP-1, RAD51 and Ku80.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Jia
- Department of General Surgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Ziyi Weng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai International Medical Center, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Chuanying Wang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Mingjie Zhu
- Department of Pathology, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yunshu Lu
- Department of General Surgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Longlong Ding
- Department of General Surgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yongkun Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Xianhua Cheng
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Radiology, Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Kejin Wu
- Department of General Surgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Katsube T, Wang B, Tanaka K, Ninomiya Y, Varès G, Kawagoshi T, Shiomi N, Kubota Y, Liu Q, Morita A, Nakajima T, Nenoi M. Effects of chronic restraint-induced stress on radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations in mouse splenocytes. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 813:18-26. [PMID: 28010925 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Both ionizing radiation (IR) and psychological stress (PS) cause detrimental effects on humans. A recent study showed that chronic restraint-induced PS (CRIPS) diminished the functions of Trp53 and enhanced radiocarcinogenesis in Trp53-heterozygous (Trp53+/-) mice. These findings had a marked impact on the academic field as well as the general public, particularly among residents living in areas radioactively contaminated by nuclear accidents. In an attempt to elucidate the modifying effects of CRIPS on radiation-induced health consequences in Trp53 wild-type (Trp53+/+) animals, investigations involving multidisciplinary analyses were performed. We herein demonstrated that CRIPS induced changes in the frequency of IR-induced chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in splenocytes. Five-week-old male Trp53+/+ C57BL/6J mice were restrained for 6h per day for 28 consecutive days, and total body irradiation (TBI) at a dose of 4Gy was performed on the 8th day. Metaphase chromosome spreads prepared from splenocytes at the end of the 28-day restraint regimen were painted with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes for chromosomes 1, 2, and 3. The results obtained showed that CRIPS alone did not induce CAs, while TBI caused significant increases in CAs, mostly translocations. Translocations appeared at a lower frequency in mice exposed to TBI plus CRIPS than in those exposed to TBI alone. No significant differences were observed in the frequencies of the other types of CAs (insertions, dicentrics, and fragments) visualized with FISH between these experimental groups (TBI+CRIPS vs. TBI). These results suggest that CRIPS does not appear to synergize with the clastogenicity of IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Katsube
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Bing Wang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Kaoru Tanaka
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Yasuharu Ninomiya
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Guillaume Varès
- Advanced Medical Instrumentation Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Taiki Kawagoshi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Naoko Shiomi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Yoshihisa Kubota
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, PR China.
| | - Akinori Morita
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Tetsuo Nakajima
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Mitsuru Nenoi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Federico MB, Vallerga MB, Radl A, Paviolo NS, Bocco JL, Di Giorgio M, Soria G, Gottifredi V. Chromosomal Integrity after UV Irradiation Requires FANCD2-Mediated Repair of Double Strand Breaks. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005792. [PMID: 26765540 PMCID: PMC4712966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi Anemia (FA) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hypersensitivity to inter-strand crosslinks (ICLs). FANCD2, a central factor of the FA pathway, is essential for the repair of double strand breaks (DSBs) generated during fork collapse at ICLs. While lesions different from ICLs can also trigger fork collapse, the contribution of FANCD2 to the resolution of replication-coupled DSBs generated independently from ICLs is unknown. Intriguingly, FANCD2 is readily activated after UV irradiation, a DNA-damaging agent that generates predominantly intra-strand crosslinks but not ICLs. Hence, UV irradiation is an ideal tool to explore the contribution of FANCD2 to the DNA damage response triggered by DNA lesions other than ICL repair. Here we show that, in contrast to ICL-causing agents, UV radiation compromises cell survival independently from FANCD2. In agreement, FANCD2 depletion does not increase the amount of DSBs generated during the replication of UV-damaged DNA and is dispensable for UV-induced checkpoint activation. Remarkably however, FANCD2 protects UV-dependent, replication-coupled DSBs from aberrant processing by non-homologous end joining, preventing the accumulation of micronuclei and chromatid aberrations including non-homologous chromatid exchanges. Hence, while dispensable for cell survival, FANCD2 selectively safeguards chromosomal stability after UV-triggered replication stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Federico
- Cell Cycle and Genomic Stability Laboratory, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA/ CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Belén Vallerga
- Cell Cycle and Genomic Stability Laboratory, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA/ CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía Radl
- Laboratorio de Dosimetría Biológica, Autoridad Regulatoria Nuclear, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Soledad Paviolo
- Cell Cycle and Genomic Stability Laboratory, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA/ CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José Luis Bocco
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología/ CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marina Di Giorgio
- Laboratorio de Dosimetría Biológica, Autoridad Regulatoria Nuclear, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gastón Soria
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología/ CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Gottifredi
- Cell Cycle and Genomic Stability Laboratory, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA/ CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rodríguez YA, Christofoletti CA, Pedro J, Bueno OC, Malaspina O, Ferreira RAC, Fontanetti CS. Allium cepa and Tradescantia pallida bioassays to evaluate effects of the insecticide imidacloprid. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 120:438-442. [PMID: 25225953 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of pesticides has become a serious environmental concern. Of them, imidacloprid (IMI) is one of the most widely used worldwide. In 2010 in Brazil, 1.934 tonnes of IMI were sold and mainly used for sugarcane crops. Several studies have examined the toxicity of IMI as well as its possible ecological effects. However, few studies have examined its toxicity at the genetic level. This is one of the biggest challenges for the scientific community, which is concerned about the impacts of these contaminants on the environment and human health. In this study, we evaluated the effects of IMI above the genetic material in Allium cepa and Tradescantia pallida following exposure to different concentrations of this insecticide. The results demonstrated that the concentrations tested induced chromosomal alterations and increased the frequency of micronuclei. Therefore, IMI in these concentrations was genotoxic to the tested organisms. These factors should be taken into account when applying this pesticide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yadira Ansoar Rodríguez
- UNESP - São Paulo State University, Rio Claro Campus, Av. 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Cintya Ap Christofoletti
- UNIARARAS - Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Av. Dr. João Maximiliano Baruto, 500, Jd. Universitário, Araras, São Paulo 13607-339, Brazil
| | - Janaína Pedro
- UNESP - São Paulo State University, Rio Claro Campus, Av. 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Odair Correa Bueno
- UNESP/CEIS - Centre for the Study of Social Insects, Rio Claro Campus, Av. 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- UNESP/CEIS - Centre for the Study of Social Insects, Rio Claro Campus, Av. 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Alexandre Costa Ferreira
- UNESP/CEIS - Centre for the Study of Social Insects, Rio Claro Campus, Av. 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Carmem S Fontanetti
- UNESP - São Paulo State University, Rio Claro Campus, Av. 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Chromosome aberration assays are employed to detect the induction of chromosome breakage (clastogenesis) in somatic and germ cells by direct observation of the chromosomal damage during metaphase analysis, or by indirect observation of chromosomal fragments. Thus, various types of cytogenetic change can be detected such as structural chromosome aberrations (CA), sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), ploidy changes, and micronuclei. Following the induction of the chromosomal damage, most of the aberrations and abnormalities detected by these assays can be detrimental or even lethal to the cell. Their presence, however, indicates a potential to also induce more subtle and therefore transmissible chromosomal damage which survives cell division to produce heritable cytogenetic changes. Usually, induced cytogenetic damage is accompanied by other genotoxic damage such as gene mutations.
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang Z, Mayr NA, Lo SS, Wang JZ, Jia G, Yuh WTC, Johnke R. A generalized linear-quadratic model incorporating reciprocal time pattern of radiation damage repair. Med Phys 2011; 39:224-30. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3666760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
11
|
Terzoudi GI, Hatzi VI, Donta-Bakoyianni C, Pantelias GE. Chromatin dynamics during cell cycle mediate conversion of DNA damage into chromatid breaks and affect formation of chromosomal aberrations: biological and clinical significance. Mutat Res 2011; 711:174-186. [PMID: 21185845 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The formation of diverse chromosomal aberrations following irradiation and the variability in radiosensitivity at different cell-cycle stages remain a long standing controversy, probably because most of the studies have focused on elucidating the enzymatic mechanisms involved using simple DNA substrates. Yet, recognition, processing and repair of DNA damage occur within the nucleoprotein complex of chromatin which is dynamic in nature, capable of rapid unfolding, disassembling, assembling and refolding. The present work reviews experimental work designed to investigate the impact of chromatin dynamics and chromosome conformation changes during cell-cycle in the formation of chromosomal aberrations. Using conventional cytogenetics and premature chromosome condensation to visualize interphase chromatin, the data presented support the hypothesis that chromatin dynamic changes during cell-cycle are important determinants in the conversion of sub-microscopic DNA lesions into chromatid breaks. Consequently, the type and yield of radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations at a given cell-cycle-stage depends on the combined effect of DNA repair processes and chromatin dynamics, which is cell-cycle-regulated and subject to up- or down-regulation following radiation exposure or genetic alterations. This new hypothesis is used to explain the variability in radiosensitivity observed at various cell-cycle-stages, among mutant cells and cells of different origin, or among different individuals, and to revisit unresolved issues and unanswered questions. In addition, it is used to better understand hypersensitivity of AT cells and to provide an improved predictive G2-assay for evaluating radiosensitivity at individual level. Finally, experimental data at single cell level obtained using hybrid cells suggest that the proposed hypothesis applies only to the irradiated component of the hybrid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia I Terzoudi
- Institute of Radioisotopes and Radiodiagnostic Products, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15310 Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wilson PF, Hinz JM, Urbin SS, Nham PB, Thompson LH. Influence of homologous recombinational repair on cell survival and chromosomal aberration induction during the cell cycle in gamma-irradiated CHO cells. DNA Repair (Amst) 2010; 9:737-44. [PMID: 20434408 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombinational repair (HRR) underlies the high radioresistance and low mutability observed in S-phase mammalian cells. To evaluate the contributions of HRR and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) to overall DSB repair capacity throughout the cell cycle after gamma-irradiation, we compared HRR-deficient RAD51D-knockout 51D1 to CgRAD51D-complemented 51D1 (51D1.3) CHO cells for survival and chromosomal aberrations (CAs). Asynchronous cultures were irradiated with 150 or 300cGy and separated by cell size using centrifugal elutriation. Cell survival of each synchronous fraction ( approximately 20 fractions total from early G1 to late G2/M) was measured by colony formation. 51D1.3 cells were most resistant in S, while 51D1 cells were most resistant in early G1 (with survival and chromosome-type CA levels similar to 51D1.3) and became progressively more sensitive throughout S and G2. Both cell lines experienced significantly reduced survival from late S into G2. Metaphases were collected from every third elutriation fraction at the first post-irradiation mitosis and scored for CAs. 51D1 cells irradiated in S and G2 had approximately 2-fold higher chromatid-type CAs and a remarkable approximately 25-fold higher level of complex chromatid-type exchanges compared to 51D1.3 cells. Complex exchanges in 51D1.3 cells were only observed in G2. These results show an essential role for HRR in preventing gross chromosomal rearrangements in proliferating cells and, with our previous report of reduced survival of G2-phase NHEJ-deficient prkdc CHO cells [Hinz et al., DNA Repair 4, 782-792, 2005], imply reduced activity/efficiency of both HRR and NHEJ as cells transition from S to G2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Wilson
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551-0808, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pantelias GE, Terzoudi GI. Functional cell-cycle chromatin conformation changes in the presence of DNA damage result into chromatid breaks: A new insight in the formation of radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations based on the direct observation of interphase chromatin. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2010; 701:27-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
14
|
Sasaki MS. Advances in the biophysical and molecular bases of radiation cytogenetics. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 85:26-47. [PMID: 19205983 DOI: 10.1080/09553000802641185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE For more than 70 years radiation cytogenetics has continued to be a topic of major concern in relation to the action of radiation on living cells. To date, diverse cytogenetic findings have developed into orderly, quantitative interpretations and have stimulated numerous biophysical models. However, it is generally agreed that any one of the models used alone is still unable to explain all aspects of the observed chromosomal effects. In this review, a large number of radiation-induced chromosome aberration findings from the literature are reassessed with special attention given to the reaction kinetics and the relevant molecular processes. CONCLUSION It is now clear that DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) are an integral component of radiation-induced chromosome aberration. At the nexus of the maintenance of genome integrity, cells are equipped with excellent systems to repair DSB, notably non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination repair (HRR). These repair mechanisms are strictly regulated along with the DNA turnover cycle. NHEJ functions in all phases of the cell cycle, whereas HRR has a supplementary role specifically in S/G2 phase, where homologous DNA sequences are available in close proximity. The repair pathways are further regulated by a complex nuclear dynamism, where DSB are sensed and large numbers of repair proteins are recruited and assembled to form a repair complex involving multiple DSB. Considering such DSB repair dynamism, radiation-induced chromosome aberrations could be well understood as DSB-DSB pairwise interactions associated with the NHEJ pathway in all phases of the cell cycle and misrepair of a single DSB associated with the complementary HRR pathway in late S/G2 phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S Sasaki
- Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshida-konoecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bignold L. Mechanisms of clastogen-induced chromosomal aberrations: A critical review and description of a model based on failures of tethering of DNA strand ends to strand-breaking enzymes. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2009; 681:271-298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2008.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Revised: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
16
|
Bryant PE, Riches AC, Terry S, Shovman O, Adamson D. Topoisomerase II expression as a determinant of chromosomal radiosensitivity and possible susceptibility in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2008. [PMCID: PMC3300708 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
17
|
Xiong P, Hu Z, Li C, Wang LE, El-Naggar AK, Sturgis EM, Wei Q. In vitro benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide-induced DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations in primary lymphocytes, smoking, and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Int J Cancer 2007; 121:2735-40. [PMID: 17724733 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), but only a fraction of those exposed to cigarette smoke develops SCCHN, suggesting variation in individual susceptibility. Tobacco smoke contains a number of carcinogens that cause various kinds of damage to DNA. In this study, we simultaneously measured benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide-induced DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations by the comet assay and the mutagen sensitivity assay, respectively, in cultured primary lymphocytes from newly recruited 123 patients with SCCHN and 136 age- and sex-matched controls. Using the control median as the cut-off, the elevated risk of SCCHN was 2.35 (95% CI, 1.37-4.03), 2.28 (95% CI, 1.34-3.98) and 3.25 (95% CI, 1.85-5.07) for high levels of tail extension, tail length and oliver tail moment of the comet assay, respectively, and 1.75 (95% CI, 1.04-2.94) for high levels of chromosomal aberrations of the mutagen sensitivity assay. The effects of these 2 types of measurements were additive; subjects with high levels of both DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations had a 4.77-fold increased risk (95% CI, 2.73-8.36) of SCCHN. Cigarette smoking further elevated this risk to more than 20-fold (OR 23.6; 95% CI, 8.92-62.3). These data support our previous finding that suboptimal repair contributed to susceptibility to SCCHN and the new data further suggests a possible gene-environment interaction that may play an important role in the etiology of SCCHN. Further validation studies are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xiong
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chankova SG, Dimova E, Dimitrova M, Bryant PE. Induction of DNA double-strand breaks by zeocin in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the role of increased DNA double-strand breaks rejoining in the formation of an adaptive response. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2007; 46:409-16. [PMID: 17639449 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-007-0123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to test the potential of the radiomimetic chemical zeocin to induce DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and "adaptive response" (AR) in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain CW15 as a model system. The AR was measured as cell survival using a micro-colony assay, and by changes in rejoining of DSB DNA. The level of induced DSB was measured by constant field gel electrophoresis based on incorporation of cells into agarose blocks before cell lysis. This avoids the risk of accidental induction of DSB during the manipulation procedures. Our results showed that zeocin could induce DSB in C. reinhardtii strain CW15 in a linear dose-response fashion up to 100 microg ml(-1) which marked the beginning of a plateau. The level of DSB induced by 100 microg ml(-1) zeocin was similar to that induced by 250 Gy of gamma-ray irradiation. It was also found that, similar to gamma rays, zeocin could induce AR measured as DSB in C. reinhardtii CW15 and this AR involved acceleration of the rate of DSB rejoining, too. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that zeocin could induce AR in some low eukaryotes such as C. reinhardtii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S G Chankova
- Central Laboratory of General Ecology-BAS, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chromosomal rearrangements and the pathogenesis of differentiated thyroid cancer. Oncol Rev 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s12156-007-0010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
20
|
Bernier J, Overgaard J. Bridging gaps in translational radiation oncology. Radiother Oncol 2006; 80:109-11. [PMID: 16919823 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2006.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Accepted: 07/24/2006] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
21
|
Abstract
When a double-strand break has a gap between the broken ends, the missing information can be restored through synthesis from a homologous template. Here we address the question of how long such a gap can be before this process fails. We measured the frequency of homologous repair in the Drosophila germ line following the creation of gaps of specific sizes ranging from 3.8 to 210 kb. We found that gaps of <or=11 kb can be repaired with approximately the same efficiency as breaks with no gap at all. However, a gap of 44 kb was repaired only rarely, and one of 210 kb was not repaired at a measurable frequency. We conclude that DNA gap repair is a length-limited process, but that this limitation is critical only for gaps>>11 kb.
Collapse
|
22
|
Dittmann K, Mayer C, Rodemann HP. Inhibition of radiation-induced EGFR nuclear import by C225 (Cetuximab) suppresses DNA-PK activity. Radiother Oncol 2006; 76:157-61. [PMID: 16024112 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2005.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2005] [Revised: 05/13/2005] [Accepted: 06/19/2005] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inhibition of EGFR-function can induce radiosensitization in tumor cells. Purpose of our investigation was to identify the possible molecular mechanism of radiosensitization following treatment with anti-EGFR-antibody C225 (Cetuximab). MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of C225 on radiation response was determined in human cell lines of bronchial carcinoma (A549) and breast adenoma cells (MDA MB 231). The molecular effects of C225 on EGFR-function after irradiation were analyzed applying western blotting, immune-precipitation and kinase assays. Effects on DNA-repair were detected by quantification of gamma-H2AX positive foci 24h after irradiation. RESULTS The EGFR specific antibody C225 induced radiosensitization in A549 and also in MDA MB 231 cells. Radiosensitization in A549 was associated with blockage of radiation-induced EGFR transport into the nucleus, and immobilized the complex of EGFR with DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) in the cytoplasm. As a consequence radiation-induced DNA-PK activation was abolished, a process that is essential for DNA-repair after radiation exposure. Likewise C225 treatment increased the residual amount of gamma-H2AX-positive foci 24h after irradiation in A549 and in MDA MB 231 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that irradiation induced DNA-PK activation-essential for DNA repair-may be hampered specifically by use of the anti-EGFR-antibody C225. This process is associated with radiosensitization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Dittmann
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Overgaard J, van der Kogel A. ESTRO–Wolfsberg a synergistic approach towards modern radiobiology. Radiother Oncol 2005; 76:109-11. [PMID: 16139681 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2005.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
24
|
Overgaard J. Radiotherapy and Oncology comes of age. Radiother Oncol 2005; 75:1-5. [PMID: 15878093 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2005.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2005] [Accepted: 03/29/2005] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Overgaard
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|