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Li JJ, Sun WD, Zhu XJ, Mei YZ, Li WS, Li JH. Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase (NNMT): A New Hope for Treating Aging and Age-Related Conditions. Metabolites 2024; 14:343. [PMID: 38921477 PMCID: PMC11205546 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex process of aging leads to a gradual deterioration in the function of cells, tissues, and the entire organism, thereby increasing the risk of disease and death. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) has attracted attention as a potential target for combating aging and its related pathologies. Studies have shown that NNMT activity increases over time, which is closely associated with the onset and progression of age-related diseases. NNMT uses S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as a methyl donor to facilitate the methylation of nicotinamide (NAM), converting NAM into S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) and methylnicotinamide (MNA). This enzymatic action depletes NAM, a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), and generates SAH, a precursor of homocysteine (Hcy). The reduction in the NAD+ levels and the increase in the Hcy levels are considered important factors in the aging process and age-related diseases. The efficacy of RNA interference (RNAi) therapies and small-molecule inhibitors targeting NNMT demonstrates the potential of NNMT as a therapeutic target. Despite these advances, the exact mechanisms by which NNMT influences aging and age-related diseases remain unclear, and there is a lack of clinical trials involving NNMT inhibitors and RNAi drugs. Therefore, more in-depth research is needed to elucidate the precise functions of NNMT in aging and promote the development of targeted pharmaceutical interventions. This paper aims to explore the specific role of NNMT in aging, and to evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jiang-Hua Li
- Physical Education College, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; (J.-J.L.); (W.-D.S.); (X.-J.Z.); (Y.-Z.M.); (W.-S.L.)
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2
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Ma Y, Huang X, Wang Y, Lei Y, Yu J, Yu S, Gao Y, Yang J, Zhao F, Yu H, Zeng J, Chu Y, Yang M, Li G, Xie X, Zhang J. NNMT/1-MNA Promote Cell-Cycle Progression of Breast Cancer by Targeting UBC12/Cullin-1-Mediated Degradation of P27 Proteins. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305907. [PMID: 38126621 PMCID: PMC10916551 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Cell cycle dysregulation is a defining feature of breast cancer. Here, 1-methyl-nicotinamide (1-MNA), metabolite of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase(NNMT) is identified, as a novel driver of cell-cycle progression in breast cancer. NNMT, highly expressed in breast cancer tissues, positively correlates with tumor grade, TNM stage, Ki-67 index, and tumor size. Ablation of NNMT expression dramatically suppresses cell proliferation and causes cell-cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase. This phenomenon predominantly stems from the targeted action of 1-MNA, resulting in a specific down-regulation of p27 protein expression. Mechanistically, 1-MNA expedites the degradation of p27 proteins by enhancing cullin-1 neddylation, crucial for the activation of Cullin-1-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase(CRL1)-an E3 ubiquitin ligase targeting p27 proteins. NNMT/1-MNA specifically up-regulates the expression of UBC12, an E2 NEDD8-conjugating enzyme required for cullin-1 neddylation. 1-MNA showes high binding affinity to UBC12, extending the half-life of UBC12 proteins via preventing their localization to lysosome for degradation. Therefore, 1-MNA is a bioactive metabolite that promotes breast cancer progression by reinforcing neddylation pathway-mediated p27 degradation. The study unveils the link between NNMT enzymatic activity with cell-cycle progression, indicating that 1-MNA may be involved in the remodeling of tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilei Ma
- Department of Clinical LaboratorySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
| | - Xucheng Huang
- Department of Clinical LaboratorySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
| | - Yanzhong Wang
- Department of Clinical LaboratorySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
| | - Yinjiao Lei
- Department of Clinical LaboratorySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
- Department of PathologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
| | - Jinwei Yu
- Department of Clinical LaboratorySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
| | - Shaobo Yu
- Department of Clinical LaboratorySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
| | - Yuzhen Gao
- Department of Clinical LaboratorySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Clinical LaboratorySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
- Department of CytopathologyNingbo Diagnostic Pathology CenterNingboZhejiang315046P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Clinical LaboratorySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Department of Clinical LaboratorySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
| | - Jin Zeng
- Department of Clinical LaboratorySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
| | - Yadong Chu
- Department of Clinical LaboratorySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryZhejiang Armed Police Corps HospitalHangzhouZhejiang310051P. R. China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Clinical LaboratorySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
| | - Guoli Li
- Department of Clinical LaboratorySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
| | - Xinyou Xie
- Department of Clinical LaboratorySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical LaboratorySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310016P. R. China
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Pan XW, Chen WJ, Xu D, Guan WB, Li L, Chen JX, Chen WJ, Dong KQ, Ye JQ, Gan SS, Zhou W, Cui XG. Molecular subtyping and characterization of clear cell renal cell carcinoma by tumor differentiation trajectories. iScience 2023; 26:108370. [PMID: 38034348 PMCID: PMC10682269 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous bulk RNA sequencing or whole genome sequencing on clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) subtyping mainly focused on ccRCC cell origin or the complex tumor microenvironment (TME). Based on the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of 11 primary ccRCC specimens, cancer stem-cell-like subsets could be differentiated into five trajectories, whereby we further classified ccRCC cells into three groups with diverse molecular features. These three ccRCC subgroups showed significantly different outcomes and potential targets to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) or immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Tumor cells in three differentiation directions exhibited distinct interactions with other subsets in the ccRCC niches. The subtyping model was examined through immunohistochemistry staining in our ccRCC cohort and validated the same classification effect as the public patients. All these findings help gain a deeper understanding about the pathogenesis of ccRCC and provide useful clues for optimizing therapeutic schemes based on the molecular subtype analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-wu Pan
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wen-jin Chen
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, 700 Moyu North Road, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Da Xu
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, 700 Moyu North Road, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Wen-bin Guan
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, 700 Moyu North Road, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Jia-xin Chen
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei-jie Chen
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, 700 Moyu North Road, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Ke-qin Dong
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jian-qing Ye
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Si-shun Gan
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, 700 Moyu North Road, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Wang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xin-gang Cui
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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Shakyawar SK, Mishra NK, Vellichirammal NN, Cary L, Helikar T, Powers R, Oberley-Deegan RE, Berkowitz DB, Bayles KW, Singh VK, Guda C. A Review of Radiation-Induced Alterations of Multi-Omic Profiles, Radiation Injury Biomarkers, and Countermeasures. Radiat Res 2023; 199:89-111. [PMID: 36368026 PMCID: PMC10279411 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00187.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing utilization of nuclear power enhances the risks associated with industrial accidents, occupational hazards, and the threat of nuclear terrorism. Exposure to ionizing radiation interferes with genomic stability and gene expression resulting in the disruption of normal metabolic processes in cells and organs by inducing complex biological responses. Exposure to high-dose radiation causes acute radiation syndrome, which leads to hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, cerebrovascular, and many other organ-specific injuries. Altered genomic variations, gene expression, metabolite concentrations, and microbiota profiles in blood plasma or tissue samples reflect the whole-body radiation injuries. Hence, multi-omic profiles obtained from high-resolution omics platforms offer a holistic approach for identifying reliable biomarkers to predict the radiation injury of organs and tissues resulting from radiation exposures. In this review, we performed a literature search to systematically catalog the radiation-induced alterations from multi-omic studies and radiation countermeasures. We covered radiation-induced changes in the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, lipidomic, and microbiome profiles. Furthermore, we have covered promising multi-omic biomarkers, FDA-approved countermeasure drugs, and other radiation countermeasures that include radioprotectors and radiomitigators. This review presents an overview of radiation-induced alterations of multi-omics profiles and biomarkers, and associated radiation countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil K Shakyawar
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Nitish K Mishra
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Neetha N Vellichirammal
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Lynnette Cary
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Tomáš Helikar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 65888, USA
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 65888, USA
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68588, USA
| | - Rebecca E Oberley-Deegan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - David B Berkowitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 65888, USA
| | - Kenneth W Bayles
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Vijay K Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research and Innovation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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5
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Pozzi V, Campagna R, Sartini D, Emanuelli M. Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase as Promising Tool for Management of Gastrointestinal Neoplasms. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091173. [PMID: 36139012 PMCID: PMC9496617 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) neoplasms include esophageal, gastric, colorectal, hepatic, and pancreatic cancers. They are characterized by asymptomatic behavior, being responsible for diagnostic delay. Substantial refractoriness to chemo- and radiotherapy, exhibited by late-stage tumors, contribute to determine poor patient outcome. Therefore, it is of outmost importance to identify new molecular targets for the development of effective therapeutic strategies. In this study, we focused on the enzyme nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), which catalyzes the N-methylation reaction of nicotinamide and whose overexpression has been reported in numerous neoplasms, including GI cancers. The aim of this review was to report data illustrating NNMT involvement in these tumors, highlighting its contribution to tumor cell phenotype. Cited works clearly demonstrate the interesting potential use of enzyme level determination for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes. NNMT was also found to positively affect cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasiveness, contributing to sustain in vitro and in vivo tumor growth and metastatic spread. Moreover, enzyme upregulation featuring tumor cells was significantly associated with enhancement of resistance to treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs. Taken together, these results strongly suggest the possibility to target NNMT for setup of molecular-based strategies to effectively treat GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pozzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberto Campagna
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Davide Sartini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-071-2204673
| | - Monica Emanuelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
- New York-Marche Structural Biology Center (NY-MaSBiC), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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6
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Reustle A, Menig LS, Leuthold P, Hofmann U, Stühler V, Schmees C, Becker M, Haag M, Klumpp V, Winter S, Büttner FA, Rausch S, Hennenlotter J, Fend F, Scharpf M, Stenzl A, Bedke J, Schwab M, Schaeffeler E. Nicotinamide-N-methyltransferase is a promising metabolic drug target for primary and metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e883. [PMID: 35678045 PMCID: PMC9178377 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The metabolic enzyme nicotinamide‐N‐methyltransferase (NNMT) is highly expressed in various cancer entities, suggesting tumour‐promoting functions. We systematically investigated NNMT expression and its metabolic interactions in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), a prominent RCC subtype with metabolic alterations, to elucidate its role as a drug target. Methods NNMT expression was assessed in primary ccRCC (n = 134), non‐tumour tissue and ccRCC‐derived metastases (n = 145) by microarray analysis and/or immunohistochemistry. Findings were validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (kidney renal clear cell carcinoma [KIRC], n = 452) and by single‐cell analysis. Expression was correlated with clinicopathological data and survival. Metabolic alterations in NNMT‐depleted cells were assessed by nontargeted/targeted metabolomics and extracellular flux analysis. The NNMT inhibitor (NNMTi) alone and in combination with the inhibitor 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose for glycolysis and BPTES (bis‐2‐(5‐phenylacetamido‐1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl)ethyl‐sulfide) for glutamine metabolism was investigated in RCC cell lines (786‐O, A498) and in two 2D ccRCC‐derived primary cultures and three 3D ccRCC air–liquid interface models. Results NNMT protein was overexpressed in primary ccRCC (p = 1.32 × 10–16) and ccRCC‐derived metastases (p = 3.92 × 10–20), irrespective of metastatic location, versus non‐tumour tissue. Single‐cell data showed predominant NNMT expression in ccRCC and not in the tumour microenvironment. High NNMT expression in primary ccRCC correlated with worse survival in independent cohorts (primary RCC—hazard ratio [HR] = 4.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5–12.4; KIRC—HR = 3.3, 95% CI: 2.0–5.4). NNMT depletion leads to intracellular glutamine accumulation, with negative effects on mitochondrial function and cell survival, while not affecting glycolysis or glutathione metabolism. At the gene level, NNMT‐depleted cells upregulate glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and apoptosis pathways. NNMTi alone or in combination with 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose and BPTES resulted in inhibition of cell viability in ccRCC cell lines and primary tumour and metastasis‐derived models. In two out of three patient‐derived ccRCC air–liquid interface models, NNMTi treatment induced cytotoxicity. Conclusions Since efficient glutamine utilisation, which is essential for ccRCC tumours, depends on NNMT, small‐molecule NNMT inhibitors provide a novel therapeutic strategy for ccRCC and act as sensitizers for combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Reustle
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lena-Sophie Menig
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Leuthold
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ute Hofmann
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Viktoria Stühler
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schmees
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Michael Becker
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Mathias Haag
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Verena Klumpp
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Winter
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Florian A Büttner
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Rausch
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Hennenlotter
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Falko Fend
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Scharpf
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jens Bedke
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies', University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies', University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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7
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Targeting nicotinamide N-methyltransferase overcomes resistance to EGFR-TKI in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:170. [PMID: 35387964 PMCID: PMC8986855 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00966-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Activating mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) contributes to the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-targeted therapy has become the standard treatment for NSCLC patients with EGFR-mutations. However, acquired resistance to these agents remains a major obstacle for managing NSCLC. Here, we investigated a novel strategy to overcome EGFR TKI resistance by targeting the nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT). Using iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis, we identified that NNMT was significantly increased in EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC cells. Moreover, we found that NNMT expression was increased in EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC tissue samples, and higher levels were correlated with shorter progression-free survival in EGFR-TKI-treated NSCLC patients. Knockdown of NNMT rendered EGFR-TKI-resistant cells more sensitive to EGFR-TKI, whereas overexpression of NNMT in EGFR-TKI-sensitive cells resulted in EGFR-TKI resistance. Mechanically, upregulation of NNMT increased c-myc expression via SIRT1-mediated c-myc deacetylation, which in turn promoted glycolysis and EGFR-TKI resistance. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the combination of NNMT inhibitor and EGFR-TKI strikingly suppressed the growth of EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC cells both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our research indicated that NNMT overexpression is important for acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI and that targeting NNMT might be a potential therapeutic strategy to overcome resistance to EGFR TKI.
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8
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Wang W, Yang C, Wang T, Deng H. Complex roles of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase in cancer progression. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:267. [PMID: 35338115 PMCID: PMC8956669 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is an intracellular methyltransferase, catalyzing the N-methylation of nicotinamide (NAM) to form 1-methylnicotinamide (1-MNAM), in which S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) is the methyl donor. High expression of NNMT can alter cellular NAM and SAM levels, which in turn, affects nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent redox reactions and signaling pathways, and remodels cellular epigenetic states. Studies have revealed that NNMT plays critical roles in the occurrence and development of various cancers, and analysis of NNMT expression levels in different cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset indicated that NNMT might be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for tumor diagnosis and treatment. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of recent advances on NNMT functions in different tumors and deciphers the complex roles of NNMT in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Changmei Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Tatekawa S, Ofusa K, Chijimatsu R, Vecchione A, Tamari K, Ogawa K, Ishii H. Methylosystem for Cancer Sieging Strategy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5088. [PMID: 34680237 PMCID: PMC8534198 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As cancer is a genetic disease, methylation defines a biologically malignant phenotype of cancer in the association of one-carbon metabolism-dependent S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as a methyl donor in each cell. Methylated substances are involved in intracellular metabolism, but via intercellular communication, some of these can also be secreted to affect other substances. Although metabolic analysis at the single-cell level remains challenging, studying the "methylosystem" (i.e., the intercellular and intracellular communications of upstream regulatory factors and/or downstream effectors that affect the epigenetic mechanism involving the transfer of a methyl group from SAM onto the specific positions of nucleotides or other metabolites in the tumor microenvironment) and tracking these metabolic products are important research tasks for understanding spatial heterogeneity. Here, we discuss and highlight the involvement of RNA and nicotinamide, recently emerged targets, in SAM-producing one-carbon metabolism in cancer cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and immune cells. Their significance and implications will contribute to the discovery of efficient methods for the diagnosis of and therapeutic approaches to human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Tatekawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (S.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Ken Ofusa
- Department of Medical Data Science, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (K.O.); (R.C.)
- Food and Life-Science Laboratory, Prophoenix Division, Idea Consultants, Inc., Osaka 559-8519, Japan
| | - Ryota Chijimatsu
- Department of Medical Data Science, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (K.O.); (R.C.)
| | - Andrea Vecchione
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Santo Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Keisuke Tamari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (S.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Kazuhiko Ogawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (S.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Hideshi Ishii
- Department of Medical Data Science, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (K.O.); (R.C.)
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10
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Beyond Nicotinamide Metabolism: Potential Role of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase as a Biomarker in Skin Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194943. [PMID: 34638427 PMCID: PMC8508019 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancers (SC) collectively represent the most common type of malignancy in white populations. SC includes two main forms: malignant melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). NMSC includes different subtypes, namely, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), and keratoacanthoma (KA), together with the two pre-neoplastic conditions Bowen disease (BD) and actinic keratosis (AK). Both malignant melanoma and NMSC are showing an increasing incidence rate worldwide, thus representing an important challenge for health care systems, also because, with some exceptions, SC are generally characterized by an aggressive behavior and are often diagnosed late. Thus, identifying new biomarkers suitable for diagnosis, as well as for prognosis and targeted therapy is mandatory. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is an enzyme that is emerging as a crucial player in the progression of several malignancies, while its substrate, nicotinamide, is known to exert chemopreventive effects. Since there is increasing evidence regarding the involvement of this enzyme in the malignant behavior of SC, the current review aims to summarize the state of the art as concerns NNMT role in SC and to support future studies focused on exploring the diagnostic and prognostic potential of NNMT in skin malignancies and its suitability for targeted therapy.
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11
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Parsons RB, Facey PD. Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase: An Emerging Protagonist in Cancer Macro(r)evolution. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1418. [PMID: 34680055 PMCID: PMC8533529 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) has progressed from being considered merely a Phase II metabolic enzyme to one with a central role in cell function and energy metabolism. Over the last three decades, a significant body of evidence has accumulated which clearly demonstrates a central role for NNMT in cancer survival, metastasis, and drug resistance. In this review, we discuss the evidence supporting a role for NNMT in the progression of the cancer phenotype and how it achieves this by driving the activity of pro-oncogenic NAD+-consuming enzymes. We also describe how increased NNMT activity supports the Warburg effect and how it promotes oncogenic changes in gene expression. We discuss the regulation of NNMT activity in cancer cells by both post-translational modification of the enzyme and transcription factor binding to the NNMT gene, and describe for the first time three long non-coding RNAs which may play a role in the regulation of NNMT transcription. We complete the review by discussing the development of novel anti-cancer therapeutics which target NNMT and provide insight into how NNMT-based therapies may be best employed clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B. Parsons
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Paul D. Facey
- Singleton Park Campus, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK;
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12
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The Utility of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase as a Potential Biomarker to Predict the Oncological Outcomes for Urological Cancers: An Update. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081214. [PMID: 34439880 PMCID: PMC8393883 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) catalyzes the N-methylation reaction of nicotinamide, using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as the methyl donor. Enzyme overexpression has been described in many non-neoplastic diseases, as well as in a wide range of solid malignancies. This review aims to report and discuss evidence available in scientific literature, dealing with NNMT expression and the potential involvement in main urologic neoplasms, namely, renal, bladder and prostate cancers. Data illustrated in the cited studies clearly demonstrated NNMT upregulation (pathological vs. normal tissue) in association with these aforementioned tumors. In addition to this, enzyme levels were also found to correlate with key prognostic parameters and patient survival. Interestingly, NNMT overexpression also emerged in peripheral body fluids, such as blood and urine, thus leading to candidate the enzyme as promising biomarker for the early and non-invasive detection of these cancers. Examined results undoubtedly showed NNMT as having the capacity to promote cell proliferation, migration and invasiveness, as well as its potential participation in fundamental events highlighting cancer progression, metastasis and resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. In the light of this evidence, it is reasonable to attribute to NNMT a promising role as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of urologic neoplasms, as well as a molecular target for effective anti-cancer treatment.
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13
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Campagna R, Mateuszuk Ł, Wojnar-Lason K, Kaczara P, Tworzydło A, Kij A, Bujok R, Mlynarski J, Wang Y, Sartini D, Emanuelli M, Chlopicki S. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase in endothelium protects against oxidant stress-induced endothelial injury. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119082. [PMID: 34153425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT, EC 2.1.1.1.) plays an important role in the growth of many different tumours and is also involved in various non-neoplastic disorders. However, the presence and role of NNMT in the endothelium has yet to be specifically explored. Here, we characterized the functional activity of NNMT in the endothelium and tested whether NNMT regulates endothelial cell viability. NNMT in endothelial cells (HAEC, HMEC-1 and EA.hy926) was inhibited using two approaches: pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme by NNMT inhibitors (5-amino-1-methylquinoline - 5MQ and 6-methoxynicotinamide - JBSF-88) or by shRNA-mediated silencing. Functional inhibition of NNMT was confirmed by LC/MS/MS-based analysis of impaired MNA production. The effects of NNMT inhibition on cellular viability were analyzed in both the absence and presence of menadione. Our results revealed that all studied endothelial lines express relatively high levels of functionally active NNMT compared with cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). Although the aldehyde oxidase 1 enzyme was also expressed in the endothelium, the further metabolites of N1-methylnicotinamide (N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide and N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide) generated by this enzyme were not detected, suggesting that endothelial NNMT-derived MNA was not subsequently metabolized in the endothelium by aldehyde oxidase 1. Menadione induced a concentration-dependent decrease in endothelial viability as evidenced by a decrease in cell number that was associated with the upregulation of NNMT and SIRT1 expression in the nucleus in viable cells. The suppression of the NNMT activity either by NNMT inhibitors or shRNA-based silencing significantly decreased the endothelial cell viability in response to menadione. Furthermore, NNMT inhibition resulted in nuclear SIRT1 expression downregulation and upregulation of the phosphorylated form of SIRT1 on Ser47. In conclusion, our results suggest that the endothelial nuclear NNMT/SIRT1 pathway exerts a cytoprotective role that safeguards endothelial cell viability under oxidant stress insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Campagna
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Łukasz Mateuszuk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamila Wojnar-Lason
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kaczara
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Tworzydło
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kij
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Robert Bujok
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Mlynarski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, LKS Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Davide Sartini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Monica Emanuelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland.
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14
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Integrative network analyses of transcriptomics data reveal potential drug targets for acute radiation syndrome. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5585. [PMID: 33692493 PMCID: PMC7946886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent political unrest has highlighted the importance of understanding the short- and long-term effects of gamma-radiation exposure on human health and survivability. In this regard, effective treatment for acute radiation syndrome (ARS) is a necessity in cases of nuclear disasters. Here, we propose 20 therapeutic targets for ARS identified using a systematic approach that integrates gene coexpression networks obtained under radiation treatment in humans and mice, drug databases, disease-gene association, radiation-induced differential gene expression, and literature mining. By selecting gene targets with existing drugs, we identified potential candidates for drug repurposing. Eight of these genes (BRD4, NFKBIA, CDKN1A, TFPI, MMP9, CBR1, ZAP70, IDH3B) were confirmed through literature to have shown radioprotective effect upon perturbation. This study provided a new perspective for the treatment of ARS using systems-level gene associations integrated with multiple biological information. The identified genes might provide high confidence drug target candidates for potential drug repurposing for ARS.
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15
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Cui Y, Yang D, Wang W, Zhang L, Liu H, Ma S, Guo W, Yao M, Zhang K, Li W, Zhang Y, Guan F. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase decreases 5-fluorouracil sensitivity in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through metabolic reprogramming and promoting the Warburg effect. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:940-954. [PMID: 32367570 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common malignant tumor with poor prognosis. And different individuals respond to the same drug differently. Increasing evidence has confirmed that metabolism reprogramming was involved in the drug sensitivity of tumor cells. However, the potential molecular mechanism of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) sensitivity remains to be elucidated in ESCC cells. In this study, we found that the 5-FU sensitivity of TE1 cells was lower than that of EC1 and Eca109 cells. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis results showed that nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle were significantly different in these three cell lines. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), a key enzyme of nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, was significantly higher expressed in TE1 cells than that in EC1 and Eca109 cells. Therefore, the function of NNMT on 5-FU sensitivity was analyzed in vitro and in vivo. NNMT downregulation significantly increased 5-FU sensitivity in TE1 cells. Meanwhile, the glucose consumption and lactate production were decreased, and the expression of glycolysis-related enzymes hexokinase 2, lactate dehydrogenase A, and phosphoglycerate mutase 1 were downregulated in NNMT knockdown TE1 cells. Besides, overexpression of NNMT in EC1 and Eca109 cells caused the opposite effects. Moreover, when glycolysis was inhibited by 2-deoxyglucose, the roles of NNMT on 5-FU sensitivity was weakened. In vivo experiments showed that NNMT knockdown significantly increased the sensitivity of xenografts to 5-FU and suppressed the Warburg effect. Overall, these results demonstrated that NNMT decreases 5-FU sensitivity in human ESCC cells through promoting the Warburg effect, suggesting that NNMT may contribute to predict the treatment effects of the clinical chemotherapy in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Dawei Yang
- Zhongyuan Academy of Biological Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Luyu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Hongtao Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Shanshan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Wenna Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Minghao Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Wencai Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanting Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Fangxia Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou.,Clinical Research Guidance Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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16
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Mascitti M, Sartini D, Togni L, Pozzi V, Rubini C, Santarelli A, Emanuelli M. Differential expression of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase in primary and recurrent ameloblastomas and odontogenic keratocysts. Eur J Clin Invest 2020; 50:e13220. [PMID: 32129473 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Odontogenic tumours are a group of rare heterogeneous diseases that range from hamartomatous tissue proliferations to benign and malignant neoplasms. Recurrences can occur after 10 years, so long-term clinical and radiological follow-up is required. The study of the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of these lesions is necessary to identify new prognostic markers. In this study, we evaluate the possible role of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) in ameloblastomas (AM) and odontogenic keratocysts (OKC). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 105 surgical specimens of primary and recurrent lesions were obtained from 55 patients (25 AM, 30 OKC). In particular, 50 AMs (25 primary, 25 recurrences) and 55 OKCs (30 primary, 25 recurrences) were retrieved. We carried out immunohistochemical analyses to evaluate the cytoplasmic expression of NNMT, measuring the percentage of positive cells and the value of NNMT expression intensity. RESULTS NNMT expression was significantly higher in recurrent than primary AMs (P = .0430). This result was confirmed by staining intensity, showing more cases with moderate/intense staining in recurrent AMs (P = .0470). NNMT expression was significantly lower in recurrent than primary OKC (P = .0014). Staining intensity showed more cases with moderate/intense staining in primary OKCs (P = .0276). CONCLUSIONS This report is the first to evaluate NNMT expression in odontogenic lesions and to demonstrate a differential expression in recurrent AMs and OKCs, suggesting that there is potential for use of NNMT as prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mascitti
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Davide Sartini
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Togni
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Valentina Pozzi
- New York-Marche Structural Biology Center (NY-MaSBiC), Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Corrado Rubini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Santarelli
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy.,Dentistry Clinic, National Institute of Health and Science of Aging, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Monica Emanuelli
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy.,New York-Marche Structural Biology Center (NY-MaSBiC), Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
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17
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Pozzi V, Salvolini E, Lucarini G, Salvucci A, Campagna R, Rubini C, Sartini D, Emanuelli M. Cancer stem cell enrichment is associated with enhancement of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase expression. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1415-1425. [PMID: 32150326 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cancer stem cell theory states that a subset of tumor cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs), has the ability to self-renew and differentiate within the tumors. According to this theory, CSCs would be mainly responsible for tumor initiation, progression, resistance to therapy, recurrence, and metastasis. In this study, a culture system was setup to enrich CSCs from bladder cancer (T24), lung cancer (A549), colorectal cancer (CaCo-2), and osteosarcoma (MG63) cell lines, through sphere formation. Magnetic-activated cell sorting was also used to further increase CSC enrichment. Subsequently, molecular characterization of CSC-enriched cell populations and parental cells was carried out, by exploring the expression levels of stem markers and the enzyme nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT). Results obtained showed a significant upregulation of stem cell markers in CSC-enriched populations, obtained upon sphere formation, compared with parental counterparts. Moreover, NNMT expression levels were markedly increased in samples enriched with CSCs with respect to control cells. Considering the fundamental role played by CSCs in carcinogenesis, reported data strengthen the hypothesis that sustains a pivotal role of NNMT in cancer growth and metastasis. In addition, these findings could represent an important achievement for the development of new and effective anticancer therapies, based on CSC-associated targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pozzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.,New York-Marche Structural Biology Center (NY-MaSBiC), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Salvolini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Guendalina Lucarini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessia Salvucci
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberto Campagna
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Corrado Rubini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Davide Sartini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Monica Emanuelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.,New York-Marche Structural Biology Center (NY-MaSBiC), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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18
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Najafi M, Mortezaee K, Majidpoor J. Cancer stem cell (CSC) resistance drivers. Life Sci 2019; 234:116781. [PMID: 31430455 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a population of self-renewal cells with high tumorigenic potency. CSCs can adopt easily with changes in the nearby milieu, and are more resistant to conventional therapies than other cells within a tumor. CSC resistance can be induced secondary to radio- and chemotherapy, or even after chemotherapy secession. A combination of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors is contributed to CSC-mediated therapy resistance. CSCs represent protective autophagy and efficient cell cycling, along with highly qualified epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulators, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers, drug transporters, and anti-apoptotic and DNA repairing systems. In addition, CSCs develop cross-talking and share some characteristics with other cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) being more intense in higher stage tumors, and thereby sophisticating tumor-targeted therapies. TME, in fact, is a nest for aggravating resistance mechanisms in CSCs. TME is exposed constantly to the nutritional, metabolic and oxygen deprivation; these conditions promote CSC adaptation. This review is aimed to discuss main (intrinsic and extrinsic) mechanisms of CSC resistance and suggest some strategies to revoke this important promoter of therapy failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Schulz A, Meyer F, Dubrovska A, Borgmann K. Cancer Stem Cells and Radioresistance: DNA Repair and Beyond. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060862. [PMID: 31234336 PMCID: PMC6627210 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current preclinical and clinical findings demonstrate that, in addition to the conventional clinical and pathological indicators that have a prognostic value in radiation oncology, the number of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their inherent radioresistance are important parameters for local control after radiotherapy. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of CSC radioresistance attributable to DNA repair mechanisms and the development of CSC-targeted therapies for tumor radiosensitization. We also discuss the current challenges in preclinical and translational CSC research including the high inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity, plasticity of CSCs, and microenvironment-stimulated tumor cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schulz
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Felix Meyer
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Borgmann
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
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20
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Steinbichler TB, Dudás J, Skvortsov S, Ganswindt U, Riechelmann H, Skvortsova II. Therapy resistance mediated by cancer stem cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:156-167. [PMID: 30471331 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) possess abilities generally associated with embryonic or adult stem cells, especially self-renewal and differentiation. The CSC model assumes that this subpopulation of cells sustains malignant growth, which suggests a hierarchical organization of tumors in which CSCs are on top and responsible for the generation of intratumoral heterogeneity. Effective tumor therapy requires the eradication of CSC as they can support regrowth of the tumor resulting in recurrence. However, eradication of CSC is difficult because they frequently are therapy resistant. Therapy resistance is mediated by the acquisition of dormancy, increased DNA repair and drug efflux capacity, decreased apoptosis as well as the interaction between CSC and their supporting microenvironment, the CSC niche. This review highlights the role of CSC in chemo- and radiotherapy resistance as well as possible ways to overcome CSC mediated therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - József Dudás
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sergej Skvortsov
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; EXTRO-Lab, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ute Ganswindt
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Riechelmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ira-Ida Skvortsova
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; EXTRO-Lab, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria.
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21
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Lupia M, Angiolini F, Bertalot G, Freddi S, Sachsenmeier KF, Chisci E, Kutryb-Zajac B, Confalonieri S, Smolenski RT, Giovannoni R, Colombo N, Bianchi F, Cavallaro U. CD73 Regulates Stemness and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Ovarian Cancer-Initiating Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:1412-1425. [PMID: 29551673 PMCID: PMC5998305 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-initiating cells (CICs) have been implicated in tumor development and aggressiveness. In ovarian carcinoma (OC), CICs drive tumor formation, dissemination, and recurrence, as well as drug resistance, thus accounting for the high death-to-incidence ratio of this neoplasm. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie such a pathogenic role of ovarian CICs (OCICs) remain elusive. Here, we have capitalized on primary cells either from OC or from its tissues of origin to obtain the transcriptomic profile associated with OCICs. Among the genes differentially expressed in OCICs, we focused on CD73, which encodes the membrane-associated 5′-ectonucleotidase. The genetic inactivation of CD73 in OC cells revealed that this molecule is causally involved in sphere formation and tumor initiation, thus emerging as a driver of OCIC function. Furthermore, functional inhibition of CD73 via either a chemical compound or a neutralizing antibody reduced sphere formation and tumorigenesis, highlighting the druggability of CD73 in the context of OCIC-directed therapies. The biological function of CD73 in OCICs required its enzymatic activity and involved adenosine signaling. Mechanistically, CD73 promotes the expression of stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated genes, implying a regulation of OCIC function at the transcriptional level. CD73, therefore, is involved in OCIC biology and may represent a therapeutic target for innovative treatments aimed at OC eradication. CD73 is enriched in ovarian cancer-initiating cells (OCICs) CD73 orchestrates OCIC stemness and EMT OC initiation and growth require CD73 activity OCIC-associated CD73 is a therapeutic target useful for OC eradication
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Lupia
- Unit of Gynecological Oncology Research, European Institute of Oncology, Via G. Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Angiolini
- Unit of Gynecological Oncology Research, European Institute of Oncology, Via G. Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bertalot
- Molecular Medicine Program, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Freddi
- Molecular Medicine Program, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Chisci
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Roberto Giovannoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Colombo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies, IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Ugo Cavallaro
- Unit of Gynecological Oncology Research, European Institute of Oncology, Via G. Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milano, Italy.
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22
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Xie X, Liu H, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Yu H, Li G, Ruan Z, Li F, Wang X, Zhang J. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase enhances resistance to 5-fluorouracil in colorectal cancer cells through inhibition of the ASK1-p38 MAPK pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45837-45848. [PMID: 27323852 PMCID: PMC5216764 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), which converts nicotinamide to 1-methylnicotinamide (1-MNA), is overexpressed in a variety of human cancers and serves as a potential anti-cancer target. In this study, we investigated the effect of NNMT on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) sensitivity of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, and the underlying mechanisms. Our results show that down-regulation of NNMT in CRC HT-29 cells diminishes 5-FU resistance, while over expression of NNMT in SW480 cells enhances it. NNMT reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by 5-FU by increasing 1-MNA in CRC cells. The reduction in ROS leads to inactivation of the ASK1-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which reduces 5-FU-induced apoptosis. In vivo, NNMT attenuates 5-FU-induced inhibition of CRC tumor growth in nude mice. These observations suggest that NNMT and the 1-MNA it produces inhibit the ASK1-p38 MAPK pathway, resulting in increased CRC cell resistance to 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyou Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Huixing Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Yanzhong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Yanwen Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Guiling Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Ruan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Fengying Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Xiuhong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
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23
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Wang WA, Lai LC, Tsai MH, Lu TP, Chuang EY. Development of a prediction model for radiosensitivity using the expression values of genes and long non-coding RNAs. Oncotarget 2018; 7:26739-50. [PMID: 27050376 PMCID: PMC5042011 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy has become a popular and standard approach for treating cancer patients because it greatly improves patient survival. However, some of the patients receiving radiotherapy suffer from adverse effects and do not obtain survival benefits. This may be attributed to the fact that most radiation treatment plans are designed based on cancer type, without consideration of each individual's radiosensitivity. A model for predicting radiosensitivity would help to address this issue. In this study, the expression levels of both genes and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were used to build such a prediction model. Analysis of variance and Tukey's honest significant difference tests (P < 0.001) were utilized in immortalized B cells (GSE26835) to identify differentially expressed genes and lncRNAs after irradiation. A total of 41 genes and lncRNAs associated with radiation exposure were revealed by a network analysis algorithm. To develop a predictive model for radiosensitivity, the expression profiles of NCI-60 cell lines along, with their radiation parameters, were analyzed. A genetic algorithm was proposed to identify 20 predictors, and the support vector machine algorithm was used to evaluate their prediction performance. The model was applied to 2 datasets of glioblastoma, The Cancer Genome Atlas and GSE16011, and significantly better survival was observed in patients with greater predicted radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-An Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Chuan Lai
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center for Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Hsun Tsai
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center for Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Pin Lu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eric Y Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center for Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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24
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Vert A, Castro J, Ribó M, Vilanova M, Benito A. Transcriptional profiling of NCI/ADR-RES cells unveils a complex network of signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms of drug resistance. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:221-237. [PMID: 29379303 PMCID: PMC5757493 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s154378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among all the gynecological cancers. This is mostly due to the resistance of ovarian cancer to current chemotherapy regimens. Therefore, it is of crucial importance to identify the molecular mechanisms associated with chemoresistance. Methods NCI/ADR-RES is a multidrug-resistant cell line that is a model for the study of drug resistance in ovarian cancer. We carried out a microarray-derived transcriptional profiling analysis of NCI/ADR-RES to identify differentially expressed genes relative to its parental OVCAR-8. Results Gene-expression profiling has allowed the identification of genes and pathways that may be important for the development of drug resistance in ovarian cancer. The NCI/ADR-RES cell line has differential expression of genes involved in drug extrusion, inactivation, and efficacy, as well as genes involved in the architectural and functional reorganization of the extracellular matrix. These genes are controlled through different signaling pathways, including MAPK–Akt, Wnt, and Notch. Conclusion Our findings highlight the importance of using orthogonal therapies that target completely independent pathways to overcome mechanisms of resistance to both classical chemotherapeutic agents and molecularly targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vert
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universitat de Girona.,Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IDIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Jessica Castro
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universitat de Girona.,Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IDIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Ribó
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universitat de Girona.,Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IDIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Maria Vilanova
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universitat de Girona.,Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IDIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Antoni Benito
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universitat de Girona.,Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IDIBGi), Girona, Spain
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25
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Clinical performance and utility of a NNMT-based urine test for bladder cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2017; 33:94-101. [PMID: 29148015 DOI: 10.5301/ijbm.5000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Bladder cancer (BC) represents the most common neoplasm of the urinary tract. Although cystoscopy and urine cytology represent the gold standard methods to monitor BC, both procedures have limitations. Therefore, the identification of reliable biomarkers for early and noninvasive detection of BC is urgently required. Methods: In this study, we analyzed nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) expression in urine samples from 55 BC patients and 107 controls, using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to identify the best cutoff value to discriminate BC patients from healthy donors, and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a urine-based NNMT test. Results: The results demonstrated that urinary NNMT expression was significantly (p<0.05) higher in BC patients. Moreover, a significant (p<0.05) inverse correlation was found between NNMT expression and histological grade. The ROC analysis revealed that a ΔCq of 13.3 was the best cutoff value, since it was associated with the highest combination of sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, the area under the curve (AUC) value was 0.913 (p<0.05), indicating the excellent diagnostic accuracy of a urine-based NNMT test. Conclusions: Our data indicate that NNMT is a promising biomarker that could be used to support the early and noninvasive diagnosis of BC.
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26
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Ramsden DB, Waring RH, Barlow DJ, Parsons RB. Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase in Health and Cancer. Int J Tryptophan Res 2017; 10:1178646917691739. [PMID: 35185340 PMCID: PMC8851132 DOI: 10.1177/1178646917691739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the roles of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase and its product 1-methyl nicotinamide have emerged from playing merely minor roles in phase 2 xenobiotic metabolism as actors in some of the most important scenes of human life. In this review, the structures of the gene, messenger RNA, and protein are discussed, together with the role of the enzyme in many of the common cancers that afflict people today.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Ramsden
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - David J Barlow
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Richard B Parsons
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London, UK
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27
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Palanichamy K, Kanji S, Gordon N, Thirumoorthy K, Jacob JR, Litzenberg KT, Patel D, Chakravarti A. NNMT Silencing Activates Tumor Suppressor PP2A, Inactivates Oncogenic STKs, and Inhibits Tumor Forming Ability. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:2325-2334. [PMID: 27810903 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To identify potential molecular hubs that regulate oncogenic kinases and target them to improve treatment outcomes for glioblastoma patients.Experimental Design: Data mining of The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets identified nicotinamide-N-methyl transferase (NNMT) as a prognostic marker for glioblastoma, an enzyme linked to the reorganization of the methylome. We tested our hypothesis that NNMT plays a crucial role by modulating protein methylation, leading to inactivation of tumor suppressors and activation of oncogenes. Further experiments were performed to understand the underlying biochemical mechanisms using glioblastoma patient samples, established, primary, and isogenic cells.Results: We demonstrate that NNMT outcompetes leucine carboxyl methyl transferase 1 (LCMT1) for methyl transfer from principal methyl donor SAM in biological systems. Inhibiting NNMT increased the availability of methyl groups for LCMT1 to methylate PP2A, resulting in the inhibition of oncogenic serine/threonine kinases (STK). Further, NNMT inhibition retained the radiosensitizer nicotinamide and enhanced radiation sensitivity. We have provided the biochemical rationale of how NNMT plays a vital role in inhibiting tumor suppressor PP2A while concomitantly activating STKs.Conclusions: We report the intricate novel mechanism in which NNMT inhibits tumor suppressor PP2A by reorganizing the methylome both at epigenome and proteome levels and concomitantly activating prosurvival STKs. In glioblastoma tumors with NNMT expression, activation of PP2A can be accomplished by FDA approved perphenazine (PPZ), which is currently used to treat mood disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, etc. This study forms a foundation for further glioblastoma clinical trials using PPZ with standard of care treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 23(9); 2325-34. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalakannan Palanichamy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Suman Kanji
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Nicolaus Gordon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Krishnan Thirumoorthy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - John R Jacob
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kevin T Litzenberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Disha Patel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
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28
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Cruz-Rodriguez N, Combita AL, Enciso LJ, Quijano SM, Pinzon PL, Lozano OC, Castillo JS, Li L, Bareño J, Cardozo C, Solano J, Herrera MV, Cudris J, Zabaleta J. High expression of ID family and IGJ genes signature as predictor of low induction treatment response and worst survival in adult Hispanic patients with B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:64. [PMID: 27044543 PMCID: PMC4820984 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background B-Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) represents a hematologic malignancy with poor clinical outcome and low survival rates in adult patients. Remission rates in Hispanic population are almost 30 % lower and Overall Survival (OS) nearly two years inferior than those reported in other ethnic groups. Only 61 % of Colombian adult patients with ALL achieve complete remission (CR), median overall survival is 11.3 months and event-free survival (EFS) is 7.34 months. Identification of prognostic factors is crucial for the application of proper treatment strategies and subsequently for successful outcome. Our goal was to identify a gene expression signature that might correlate with response to therapy and evaluate the utility of these as prognostic tool in hispanic patients. Methods We included 43 adult patients newly diagnosed with B-ALL. We used microarray analysis in order to identify genes that distinguish poor from good response to treatment using differential gene expression analysis. The expression profile was validated by real-time PCR (RT-PCT). Results We identified 442 differentially expressed genes between responders and non-responders to induction treatment. Hierarchical analysis according to the expression of a 7-gene signature revealed 2 subsets of patients that differed in their clinical characteristics and outcome. Conclusions Our study suggests that response to induction treatment and clinical outcome of Hispanic patients can be predicted from the onset of the disease and that gene expression profiles can be used to stratify patient risk adequately and accurately. The present study represents the first that shows the gene expression profiling of B-ALL Colombian adults and its relevance for stratification in the early course of disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-016-0333-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Cruz-Rodriguez
- Programa de Investigación e Innovación en Leucemias Agudas y Crónicas (PILAC), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia.,Group of Investigation in Biology of Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Calle 1 # 9-85, Bogotá, Colombia.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alba L Combita
- Programa de Investigación e Innovación en Leucemias Agudas y Crónicas (PILAC), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia. .,Group of Investigation in Biology of Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Calle 1 # 9-85, Bogotá, Colombia. .,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Leonardo J Enciso
- Programa de Investigación e Innovación en Leucemias Agudas y Crónicas (PILAC), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia.,Grupo de Hemato Oncología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sandra M Quijano
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Paula L Pinzon
- Group of Investigation in Biology of Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Calle 1 # 9-85, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Olga C Lozano
- Group of Investigation in Biology of Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Calle 1 # 9-85, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan S Castillo
- Programa de Investigación e Innovación en Leucemias Agudas y Crónicas (PILAC), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Li Li
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Center Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Louisiana Cancer Research Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, Room 909, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | | | - Julio Solano
- Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Center Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Louisiana Cancer Research Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, Room 909, New Orleans, LA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Center Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Louisiana Cancer Research Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, Room 909, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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29
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Sternak M, Jakubowski A, Czarnowska E, Slominska EM, Smolenski RT, Szafarz M, Walczak M, Sitek B, Wojcik T, Jasztal A, Kaminski K, Chlopicki S. Differential involvement of IL-6 in the early and late phase of 1-methylnicotinamide (MNA) release in Concanavalin A-induced hepatitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:105-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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30
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Xie X, Yu H, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Li G, Ruan Z, Li F, Wang X, Liu H, Zhang J. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase enhances the capacity of tumorigenesis associated with the promotion of cell cycle progression in human colorectal cancer cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 564:52-66. [PMID: 25201588 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), an enzyme involved in the biotransformation and detoxification of many drugs and xenobiotic compounds, has been found to be overexpressed in several malignancies, including colorectal cancer. However, the biological function of NNMT and the related mechanisms in colorectal cancer have not been elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the effects of NNMT on tumorigenesis by overexpressing NNMT in the human colorectal cancer cells line SW480 which lacks constitutive NNMT expression, and downregulating NNMT expression in HT-29 cells, which exhibit high endogenous expression of NNMT. We found that NNMT significantly accelerates cell proliferation, enhances colony formation in vitro and tumorigenicity in mice; it also inhibits apoptosis, promotes cell cycle progression, increases ATP and 1-methylnicotinamide level and decreases ROS level. We also showed that 1-methylnicotinamide accelerates cell growth, inhibits apoptosis, promotes cell cycle progression, attenuates ROS production and increases ATP level. Our results indicate that NNMT enhances the capacity of tumorigenesis associated with the inhibition of cell apoptosis and the promotion of cell cycle progression in human colorectal cancer cells and the 1-methylnicotinamide increased by NNMT mediates the cellular effects of NNMT in cells. NNMT may play a vital role in energy balance and ROS induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyou Xie
- Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yanzhong Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yanwen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Guiling Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Zhi Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Fengying Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Xiuhong Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Huixing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China.
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31
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Quantitative proteomics in resected renal cancer tissue for biomarker discovery and profiling. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:1622-33. [PMID: 24548857 PMCID: PMC3960606 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Proteomics-based approaches for biomarker discovery are promising strategies used in cancer research. We present state-of-art label-free quantitative proteomics method to assess proteome of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) compared with noncancer renal tissues. Methods: Fresh frozen tissue samples from eight primary RCC lesions and autologous adjacent normal renal tissues were obtained from surgically resected tumour-bearing kidneys. Proteins were extracted by complete solubilisation of tissues using filter-aided sample preparation (FASP) method. Trypsin digested proteins were analysed using quantitative label-free proteomics approach followed by data interpretation and pathways analysis. Results: A total of 1761 proteins were identified and quantified with high confidence (MASCOT ion score threshold of 35 and P-value <0.05). Of these, 596 proteins were identified as differentially expressed between cancer and noncancer tissues. Two upregulated proteins in tumour samples (adipose differentiation-related protein and Coronin 1A) were further validated by immunohistochemistry. Pathway analysis using IPA, KOBAS 2.0, DAVID functional annotation and FLink tools showed enrichment of many cancer-related biological processes and pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis and amino acid synthetic pathways. Conclusions: Our study identified a number of differentially expressed proteins and pathways using label-free proteomics approach in RCC compared with normal tissue samples. Two proteins validated in this study are the focus of on-going research in a large cohort of patients.
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Sartini D, Muzzonigro G, Milanese G, Pozzi V, Vici A, Morganti S, Rossi V, Mazzucchelli R, Montironi R, Emanuelli M. Upregulation of tissue and urinary nicotinamide N-methyltransferase in bladder cancer: potential for the development of a urine-based diagnostic test. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 65:473-83. [PMID: 23097023 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-012-9451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Carcinoma of the bladder is one of the most common urologic malignancies occurring worldwide. Diagnosis and monitoring of bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC) are based on cystoscopy and urinary cytology. However, these diagnostic methods still have some limitations, mainly related to invasive nature and lack of sensitivity. New reliable and non-invasive biomarkers for bladder cancer detection are therefore required. To explore the involvement of enzymes of drug metabolism in bladder cancer, in the present study, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of tumor and normal looking tissues obtained from the same patient by cDNA macroarray. The enzyme nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) was identified as a highly expressed gene in bladder cancer. RT-PCR, Real-Time PCR, Western blot analysis, and catalytic activity assay, performed on a large cohort of patients with bladder UC, confirmed NNMT upregulation. NNMT mRNA and protein levels were also determined in urine specimens obtained from patients with bladder UC and healthy subjects. We found that NNMT expression levels were significantly higher in patients with bladder tumor compared to controls that showed very low or undetectable amounts of NNMT transcript and protein. Our results indicate that a marked NNMT increase is a peculiar feature of bladder UC and suggest the potential suitability of urine NNMT expression levels determination for early and non-invasive diagnosis of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Sartini
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Ranieri 65, 60131, Ancona, Italy
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Baumann M, Bodis S, Dikomey E, van der Kogel A, Overgaard J, Rodemann HP, Wouters B. Molecular radiation biology/oncology at its best: Cutting edge research presented at the 13th International Wolfsberg Meeting on Molecular Radiation Biology/Oncology. Radiother Oncol 2013; 108:357-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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RNA-mediated gene silencing of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase is associated with decreased tumorigenicity in human oral carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71272. [PMID: 23990942 PMCID: PMC3749215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer. Despite progress in the treatment of OSCC, overall survival has not improved substantially in the last three decades. Therefore, identification of reliable biomarkers becomes essential to develop effective anti-cancer therapy. In this study, we focused on the enzyme Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), which plays a fundamental role in the biotransformation of many xenobiotics. Although several tumors have been associated with abnormal NNMT expression, its role in cancer cell metabolism remains largely unknown. In this report, 7 human oral cancer cell lines were examined for NNMT expression by Real-Time PCR, Western blot and HPLC-based catalytic assay. Subsequently, we evaluated the in vitro effect of shRNA-mediated silencing of NNMT on cell proliferation. In vivo tumorigenicity of oral cancer cells with stable knockdown of NNMT was assayed by using xenograft models. High expression levels of NNMT were found in PE/CA PJ-15 cells, in keeping with the results of Western blot and catalytic activity assay. PE/CA PJ-15 cell line was stably transfected with shRNA plasmids against NNMT and analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and soft agar Assays. Transfected and control cells were injected into athymic mice in order to evaluate the effect of NNMT silencing on tumor growth. NNMT downregulation resulted in decreased cell proliferation and colony formation ability on soft agar. In athymic mice, NNMT silencing induced a marked reduction in tumour volume. Our results show that the downregulation of NNMT expression in human oral carcinoma cells significantly inhibits cell growth in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. All these experimental data seem to suggest that NNMT plays a critical role in the proliferation and tumorigenic capacity of oral cancer cells, and its inhibition could represent a potential molecular approach to the treatment of oral carcinoma.
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Batra V, Kislay B. Mitigation of gamma-radiation induced abasic sites in genomic DNA by dietary nicotinamide supplementation: metabolic up-regulation of NAD(+) biosynthesis. Mutat Res 2013; 749:28-38. [PMID: 23891603 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The search for non-toxic radio-protective drugs has yielded many potential agents but most of these compounds have certain amount of toxicity. The objective of the present study was to investigate dietary nicotinamide enrichment dependent adaptive response to potential cytotoxic effect of (60)Co γ-radiation. To elucidate the possible underlying mechanism(s), male Swiss mice were maintained on control diet (CD) and nicotinamide supplemented diet (NSD). After 6 weeks of CD and NSD dietary regimen, we exposed the animals to γ-radiation (2, 4 and 6Gy) and investigated the profile of downstream metabolites and activities of enzymes involved in NAD(+) biosynthesis. Increased activities of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT) were observed up to 48h post-irradiation in NSD fed irradiated mice. Concomitant with increase in liver NAMPT and NMNAT activities, NAD(+) levels were replenished in NSD fed and irradiated animals. However, NAMPT and NMNAT-mediated NAD(+) biosynthesis and ATP levels were severely compromised in liver of CD fed irradiated mice. Another major finding of these studies revealed that under γ-radiation stress, dietary nicotinamide supplementation might induce higher and long-lasting poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) and poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) activities in NSD fed animals compared to CD fed animals. To investigate liver DNA damage, number of apurinic/apyrimidinic sites (AP sites) and level of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) residues were quantified. A significant increase in liver DNA AP sites and 8-oxo-dG levels with concomitant increase in caspase-3 was observed in CD fed and irradiated animals compared to NSD fed and irradiated mice. In conclusion present studies show that under γ-radiation stress conditions, dietary nicotinamide supplementation restores DNA excision repair activity via prolonged activation of PARP1 and PARG activities. Present results clearly indicated that hepatic NAD(+) replenishment might be a novel and potent approach to reduce radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipen Batra
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
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Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Promising Results for Targeted Anti-cancer Therapy. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 67:865-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9574-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Patel M, Vasaya MM, Asker D, Parsons RB. HPLC–UV method for measuring nicotinamide N-methyltransferase activity in biological samples: Evidence for substrate inhibition kinetics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 921-922:87-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Costinean S, Balatti V, Bottoni A, Old M, Croce C, Wakely PE. Primary intrathyroidal paraganglioma: histopathology and novel molecular alterations. Hum Pathol 2012; 43:2371-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Oonishi K, Cui X, Hirakawa H, Fujimori A, Kamijo T, Yamada S, Yokosuka O, Kamada T. Different effects of carbon ion beams and X-rays on clonogenic survival and DNA repair in human pancreatic cancer stem-like cells. Radiother Oncol 2012; 105:258-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Thirant C, Galan-Moya EM, Dubois LG, Pinte S, Chafey P, Broussard C, Varlet P, Devaux B, Soncin F, Gavard J, Junier MP, Chneiweiss H. Differential proteomic analysis of human glioblastoma and neural stem cells reveals HDGF as a novel angiogenic secreted factor. Stem Cells 2012; 30:845-53. [PMID: 22331796 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Presence in glioblastomas of cancer cells with normal neural stem cell (NSC) properties, tumor initiating capacity, and resistance to current therapies suggests that glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) play central roles in glioblastoma development. We cultured human GSCs endowed with all features of tumor stem cells, including tumor initiation after xenograft and radio-chemoresistance. We established proteomes from four GSC cultures and their corresponding whole tumor tissues (TTs) and from human NSCs. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry revealed a twofold increase of hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) in GSCs as compared to TTs and NSCs. Western blot analysis confirmed HDGF overexpression in GSCs as well as its presence in GSC-conditioned medium, while, in contrast, no HDGF was detected in NSC secretome. At the functional level, GSC-conditioned medium induced migration of human cerebral endothelial cells that can be blocked by anti-HDGF antibodies. In vivo, GSC-conditioned medium induced neoangiogenesis, whereas HDGF-targeting siRNAs abrogated this effect. Altogether, our results identify a novel candidate, by which GSCs can support neoangiogenesis, a high-grade glioma hallmark. Our strategy illustrates the usefulness of comparative proteomic analysis to decipher molecular pathways, which underlie GSC properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Thirant
- INSERM U894, Psychiatry and Neuroscience Center, Glial Plasticity Team, Cochin Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
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Burns JS, Safwat A, Grisendi G, Kassem M, Dominici M. Sarcomas as a mise en abyme of mesenchymal stem cells: exploiting interrelationships for cell mediated anticancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2012; 325:1-10. [PMID: 22659735 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mise en abyme meaning "placed into abyss or infinite recurrence" is an apt paradigm for the relentless growth of sarcoma cells. Its alternative meaning, "self-reflexive embedding" fits the central role attributed to cancer stem cells (CSCs). Diversely sourced and defined, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be the cells of sarcoma origin, evolve a CSC phenotype and/or contribute to tumor growth through inherent qualities for homing, neovascularization, paracrine cross-feeding, microvesicle secretion, cell fusion, entosis and immune modulation. Exploiting these qualities, MSC expressing modified forms of the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (Apo2L/TRAIL) are being developed to complement more conventional radiation and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge S Burns
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Advanced Cancer Therapies, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Respiratory Disease, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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D'Andrea FP, Safwat A, Burns JS, Kassem M, Horsman MR, Overgaard J. Tumour microenvironment and radiation response in sarcomas originating from tumourigenic human mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 88:457-65. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2012.683509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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D'Andrea FP, Horsman MR, Kassem M, Overgaard J, Safwat A. Tumourigenicity and radiation resistance of mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Oncol 2012; 51:669-79. [PMID: 22150078 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2011.636752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells are believed to be more radiation resistant than differentiated tumour cells of the same origin. It is not known, however, whether normal nontransformed adult stem cells share the same radioresistance as their cancerous counterpart. MATERIAL AND METHODS Nontumourigenic (TERT4) and tumourigenic (TRET20) cell lines, from an immortalised mesenchymal stem cell line, were grown in culture prior to irradiation and gene expression analysis. Radiation resistance was measured using a clonogenic assay. Differences in gene expression between the two cell lines, both under nontreated and irradiated conditions, were assessed with microarrays (Affymetrix Human Exon 1.0 ST array). The cellular functions affected by the altered gene expressions were assessed through gene pathway mapping (Ingenuity Pathway Analysis). RESULTS Based on the clonogenic assay the nontumourigenic cell line was found to be more sensitive to radiation than the tumourigenic cell line. Using the exon chips, 297 genes were found altered between untreated samples of the cell lines whereas only 16 genes responded to radiation treatment. Among the genes with altered expression between the untreated samples were PLAU, PLAUR, TIMP3, MMP1 and LOX. The pathway analysis based on the alteration between the untreated samples indicated cancer and connective tissue disorders. CONCLUSION This study has shown possible common genetic events linking tumourigenicity and radiation response. The PLAU and PLAUR genes are involved in apoptosis evasion while the genes TIMP3, MMP1 and LOX are involved in regulation of the surrounding matrix. The first group may contribute to the difference in radiation resistance observed and the latter could be a major contributor to the tumourigenic capabilities by degrading the intercellular matrix. These results also indicate that cancer stem cells are more radiation resistant than stem cells of the same origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo P D'Andrea
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Nicotinamide, NAD(P)(H), and Methyl-Group Homeostasis Evolved and Became a Determinant of Ageing Diseases: Hypotheses and Lessons from Pellagra. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res 2012; 2012:302875. [PMID: 22536229 PMCID: PMC3318212 DOI: 10.1155/2012/302875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Compartmentalized redox faults are common to ageing diseases. Dietary constituents are catabolized to NAD(H) donating electrons producing proton-based bioenergy in coevolved, cross-species and cross-organ networks. Nicotinamide and NAD deficiency from poor diet or high expenditure causes pellagra, an ageing and dementing disorder with lost robustness to infection and stress. Nicotinamide and stress induce Nicotinamide-N-methyltransferase (NNMT) improving choline retention but consume methyl groups. High NNMT activity is linked to Parkinson's, cancers, and diseases of affluence. Optimising nicotinamide and choline/methyl group availability is important for brain development and increased during our evolution raising metabolic and methylome ceilings through dietary/metabolic symbiotic means but strict energy constraints remain and life-history tradeoffs are the rule. An optimal energy, NAD and methyl group supply, avoiding hypo and hyper-vitaminoses nicotinamide and choline, is important to healthy ageing and avoids utilising double-edged symbionts or uncontrolled autophagy or reversions to fermentation reactions in inflammatory and cancerous tissue that all redistribute NAD(P)(H), but incur high allostatic costs.
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Rodemann HP, Wouters BG. Frontiers in molecular radiation biology/oncology. Radiother Oncol 2011; 101:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2011.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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