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Stokkevåg CH, Journy N, Vogelius IR, Howell RM, Hodgson D, Bentzen SM. Radiation Therapy Technology Advances and Mitigation of Subsequent Neoplasms in Childhood Cancer Survivors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 119:681-696. [PMID: 38430101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.01.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this Pediatric Normal Tissue Effects in the Clinic (PENTEC) vision paper, challenges and opportunities in the assessment of subsequent neoplasms (SNs) from radiation therapy (RT) are presented and discussed in the context of technology advancement. METHODS AND MATERIALS The paper discusses the current knowledge of SN risks associated with historic, contemporary, and future RT technologies. Opportunities for research and SN mitigation strategies in pediatric patients with cancer are reviewed. RESULTS Present experience with radiation carcinogenesis is from populations exposed during widely different scenarios. Knowledge gaps exist within clinical cohorts and follow-up; dose-response and volume effects; dose-rate and fractionation effects; radiation quality and proton/particle therapy; age considerations; susceptibility of specific tissues; and risks related to genetic predisposition. The biological mechanisms associated with local and patient-level risks are largely unknown. CONCLUSIONS Future cancer care is expected to involve several available RT technologies, necessitating evidence and strategies to assess the performance of competing treatments. It is essential to maximize the utilization of existing follow-up while planning for prospective data collection, including standardized registration of individual treatment information with linkage across patient databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla H Stokkevåg
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Neige Journy
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris Saclay University, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Ivan R Vogelius
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebecca M Howell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David Hodgson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Søren M Bentzen
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
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Kollitz E, Roew M, Han H, Pinto M, Kamp F, Kim CH, Schwarz M, Belka C, Newhauser W, Parodi K, Dedes G. Applications of a patient-specific whole-body CT-mesh hybrid computational phantom in second cancer risk prediction. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac8851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective. CT-mesh hybrid phantoms (or ‘hybrid(s)’) made from integrated patient CT data and mesh-type reference computational phantoms (MRCPs) can be beneficial for patient-specific whole-body dose evaluation, but this benefit has yet to be evaluated for second cancer risk prediction. The purpose of this study is to compare the hybrid’s ability to predict risk throughout the body with a patient-scaled MRCP against ground truth whole-body CTs (WBCTs). Approach. Head and neck active scanning proton treatment plans were created for and simulated on seven hybrids and the corresponding scaled MRCPs and WBCTs. Equivalent dose throughout the body was calculated and input into five second cancer risk models for both excess absolute and excess relative risk (EAR and ERR). The hybrid phantom was evaluated by comparing equivalent dose and risk predictions against the WBCT. Main results. The hybrid most frequently provides whole-body second cancer risk predictions which are closer to the ground truth when compared to a scaled MRCP alone. The performance of the hybrid relative to the scaled MRCP was consistent across ERR, EAR, and all risk models. For all in-field organs, where the hybrid shares the WBCT anatomy, the hybrid was better than or equal to the scaled MRCP for both equivalent dose and risk prediction. For out-of-field organs across all patients, the hybrid’s equivalent dose prediction was superior than the scaled MRCP in 48% of all comparisons, equivalent for 34%, and inferior for 18%. For risk assessment in the same organs, the hybrid’s prediction was superior than the scaled MRCP in 51.8% of all comparisons, equivalent in 28.6%, and inferior in 19.6%. Significance. Whole-body risk predictions from the CT-mesh hybrid have shown to be more accurate than those from a reference phantom alone. These hybrids could aid in risk-optimized treatment planning and individual risk assessment to minimize second cancer incidence.
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Hufnagl A, Johansson G, Siegbahn A, Durante M, Friedrich T, Scholz M. Modeling secondary cancer risk ratios for proton versus carbon ion beam therapy: A comparative study based on the local effect model. Med Phys 2022; 49:5589-5603. [PMID: 35717591 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ion beam therapy allows for substantial sparing of normal tissues. Besides deterministic normal-tissue complications, stochastic long-term effects like secondary cancer (SC) induction are of importance when comparing different treatment modalities. PURPOSE To develop a modeling approach for comparison of SC risk in proton and carbon ion therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS The local effect model (LEM) is used to predict the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of SC induction after particle therapy. A key feature of the new approach is the double use of the LEM, reflecting the competition between the two processes of mutation induction (leading to cancer development) and cell inactivation (leading to suppression of cancer development). Based on previous investigations, treatment plans were in this work analyzed for an idealized geometry in order to assess the underlying systematic dependencies of cancer induction. In a further step, relative SC risks were predicted for proton and carbon ion treatment plans prepared for 10 prostate cancer patients. RESULTS We investigated the impact of factors such as treatment plan geometry, fractionation scheme, and tissue radiosensitivity to photon irradiation on the ion beam SC risk. Our model studies do not result in a clear preference for either protons or carbon ions, but rather indicate a complex interplay of different aspects. Reduced lateral scattering leads to a lower SC risk for carbon ions compared to protons at the lateral field margins in the entrance channel, while an increased risk was found closely behind the tumor due to projectile fragmentation. The fractionation scheme had little impact on the expected risk ratio. With respect to sensitivity parameters, those characterizing RBE for cell killing of potentially cancerous cells as well as of the primary tumor had the most significant impact. The observed general systematic dependencies are in agreement with results from previous model studies. The prostate patient study reveals reduced SC risks predictions for skin and bones for carbon ions as compared to protons, but higher mean risks for bladder and rectum. CONCLUSION The methods established in this work provide a basis for further investigating treatment optimizing strategies for ion beam therapy with regard to SC risk comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Hufnagl
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Department of Biophysics, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Albert Siegbahn
- Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco Durante
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Department of Biophysics, Darmstadt, Germany.,Technical University Darmstadt, Institute for Condensed Matter Physics
| | - Thomas Friedrich
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Department of Biophysics, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Scholz
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Department of Biophysics, Darmstadt, Germany
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Chang W, Koba Y, Furuta T, Yonai S, Hashimoto S, Matsumoto S, Sato T. Technical Note: validation of a material assignment method for a retrospective study of carbon-ion radiotherapy using Monte Carlo simulation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021; 62:846-855. [PMID: 33998654 PMCID: PMC8438268 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose a two-step method to converse human tissue materials from patient computed tomography (CT) images, which is required in dose reconstructions for a retrospective study of carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. The first step was to assign the standard tissues of the International Commission on Radiological Protection reference phantoms according to the CT-number. The second step was to determine the mass density of each material based on the relationship between CT-number and stopping power ratio (Hounsfield unit [HU]-SPR) registered in treatment planning system (TPS). Direct implementation of the well-calibrated HU-SPR curve allows the reproduction of previous clinical treatments recorded in TPS without uncertainty due to a mismatch of the CT scanner or scanning conditions, whereas MC simulation with realistic human tissue materials can fulfill the out-of-field dose, which was missing in the record. To validate our proposed method, depth-dose distributions in the homogenous and heterogeneous phantoms irradiated by a 400 MeV/u carbon beam with an 8 cm spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) were computed by the MC simulation in combination with the proposed methods and compared with those of TPS. Good agreement of the depth-dose distributions between the TPS and MC simulation (within a 1% discrepancy in range) was obtained for different materials. In contrast, fluence distributions of secondary particles revealed the necessity of MC simulation using realistic human tissue. The proposed material assignment method will be used for a retrospective study using previous clinical data of CIRT at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Weishan Chang
- Center for Radiation Protection Knowledge, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, QST, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yusuke Koba
- Center for Radiation Protection Knowledge, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, QST, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takuya Furuta
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yonai
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, QST, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hashimoto
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Matsumoto
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, QST, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Sato
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, QST, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Zientara N, Giles E, Le H, Short M. A scoping review of patient selection methods for proton therapy. J Med Radiat Sci 2021; 69:108-121. [PMID: 34476905 PMCID: PMC8892419 DOI: 10.1002/jmrs.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to explore various national and international clinical decision‐making tools and dose comparison methods used for selecting cancer patients for proton versus X‐ray radiation therapy. To address this aim, a literature search using defined scoping review methods was performed in Medline and Embase databases as well as grey literature. Articles published between 1 January 2015 and 4 August 2020 and those that clearly stated methods of proton versus X‐ray therapy patient selection and those published in English were eligible for inclusion. In total, 321 studies were identified of which 49 articles met the study’s inclusion criteria representing 13 countries. Six different clinical decision‐making tools and 14 dose comparison methods were identified, demonstrating variability within countries and internationally. Proton therapy was indicated for all paediatric patients except those with lymphoma and re‐irradiation where individualised model‐based selection was required. The most commonly reported patient selection tools included the Normal Tissue Complication Probability model, followed by cost‐effectiveness modelling and dosimetry comparison. Model‐based selection methods were most commonly applied for head and neck clinical indications in adult cohorts (48% of studies). While no ‘Gold Standard’ currently exists for proton therapy patient selection with variations evidenced globally, some of the patient selection methods identified in this review can be used to inform future practice in Australia. As literature was not identified from all countries where proton therapy centres are available, further research is needed to evaluate patient selection methods in these jurisdictions for a comprehensive overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Zientara
- UniSA Cancer Research Institute, UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Liverpool Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eileen Giles
- UniSA Cancer Research Institute, UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hien Le
- UniSA Cancer Research Institute, UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michala Short
- UniSA Cancer Research Institute, UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Carbon Ion Radiobiology. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12103022. [PMID: 33080914 PMCID: PMC7603235 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Radiotherapy with carbon ions has been used for over 20 years in Asia and Europe and is now planned in the USA. The physics advantages of carbon ions compared to X-rays are similar to those of protons, but their radiobiological features are quite distinct and may lead to a breakthrough in the treatment of some cancers characterized by high mortality. Abstract Radiotherapy using accelerated charged particles is rapidly growing worldwide. About 85% of the cancer patients receiving particle therapy are irradiated with protons, which have physical advantages compared to X-rays but a similar biological response. In addition to the ballistic advantages, heavy ions present specific radiobiological features that can make them attractive for treating radioresistant, hypoxic tumors. An ideal heavy ion should have lower toxicity in the entrance channel (normal tissue) and be exquisitely effective in the target region (tumor). Carbon ions have been chosen because they represent the best combination in this direction. Normal tissue toxicities and second cancer risk are similar to those observed in conventional radiotherapy. In the target region, they have increased relative biological effectiveness and a reduced oxygen enhancement ratio compared to X-rays. Some radiobiological properties of densely ionizing carbon ions are so distinct from X-rays and protons that they can be considered as a different “drug” in oncology, and may elicit favorable responses such as an increased immune response and reduced angiogenesis and metastatic potential. The radiobiological properties of carbon ions should guide patient selection and treatment protocols to achieve optimal clinical results.
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Imaoka T, Nishimura M, Daino K, Takabatake M, Moriyama H, Nishimura Y, Morioka T, Shimada Y, Kakinuma S. Risk of second cancer after ion beam radiotherapy: insights from animal carcinogenesis studies. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1431-1440. [PMID: 30495977 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1547848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To review recent studies to better understand the risk of second cancer after ion beam radiotherapy and to clarify the importance of animal radiobiology therein. Results: Risk of developing second cancer after radiotherapy is a concern, particularly for survivors of childhood tumors. Ion beam radiotherapy is expected to reduce the risk of second cancer by reducing exposure of normal tissues to radiation. Large uncertainty lies, however, in the choice of relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation (e.g. carbon ions and neutrons) in cancer induction, especially for children. Studies have attempted to predict the risk of second cancer after ion beam radiotherapy based on an assessment of radiation dose, the risk of low LET radiation, and assumptions about RBE. Animal experiments have yielded RBE values for selected tissues, radiation types, and age at the time of irradiation; the results indicate potentially variable RBE which depends on tissues, ages, and dose levels. Animal studies have also attempted to identify genetic alterations in tumors induced by high LET radiation. Conclusions: Estimating the RBE value for cancer induction is important for understanding the risk of second cancer after ion beam radiotherapy. More comprehensive animal radiobiology studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Imaoka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST) , Chiba , Japan.,Tokyo Metropolitan University , Tokyo , Japan.,QST Advanced Study Laboratory, QST , Chiba , Japan
| | - Mayumi Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST) , Chiba , Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Daino
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST) , Chiba , Japan
| | - Masaru Takabatake
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST) , Chiba , Japan.,Tokyo Metropolitan University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hitomi Moriyama
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST) , Chiba , Japan.,Tokyo Metropolitan University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST) , Chiba , Japan
| | - Takamitsu Morioka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST) , Chiba , Japan
| | | | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST) , Chiba , Japan
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8
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Impact of dose engine algorithm in pencil beam scanning proton therapy for breast cancer. Phys Med 2018; 50:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Mohamad O, Imai R, Kamada T, Nitta Y, Araki N. Carbon ion radiotherapy for inoperable pediatric osteosarcoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22976-22985. [PMID: 29796166 PMCID: PMC5955418 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Unresectable pediatric osteosarcoma has poor outcomes with conventional treatments. Results Twenty-six patients aged 11–20 years (median 16) had inoperable osteosarcoma of the trunk (24 pelvic, 1 mediastinal and 1 paravertebral) without any other lesion at initial examination. There were 22 primary, 1 locally recurrent and 3 metastatic cases. Median CIRT dose was 70.4 Gy RBE (relative biological effectiveness) delivered in 16 fractions. Median follow-up was 32.7 months. Overall survival was 50.0% and 41.7% at 3 and 5 years, respectively. Ten patients survived for more than 5 years (range 5–20.7 years). Local control was 69.9% and 62.9% at 3 and 5 years, respectively and progression-free survival was 34.6% at 3 and 5 years. Only largest tumor diameter correlated with 5-year overall survival and local control. There were 4 grade 3-4 CIRT-related late toxicities, 1 case of bone fracture and no treatment-related mortalities. All patients (except 1) were able to ambulate after CIRT. Conclusions CIRT was safe and efficacious in the treatment of inoperable pediatric osteosarcoma with improved local control and overall survival compared to conventional treatments. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of pediatric and adolescent patients who received carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) for inoperable osteosarcoma between 1996 and 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Mohamad
- Research Center Hospital for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Reiko Imai
- Research Center Hospital for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kamada
- Research Center Hospital for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuki Nitta
- Research Center Hospital for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Araki
- Ashiya Municipal Hospital, 3 9-1 Asahigaoka, Ashiya City, Hyogo, Japan
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Pedersen J, Petersen JBB, Stokkevåg CH, Ytre-Hauge KS, Flampouri S, Li Z, Mendenhall N, Muren LP. Biological dose and complication probabilities for the rectum and bladder based on linear energy transfer distributions in spot scanning proton therapy of prostate cancer. Acta Oncol 2017; 56:1413-1419. [PMID: 29037095 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2017.1373198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased linear energy transfer (LET) at the end of the Bragg peak causes concern for an elevated and spatially varying relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of proton therapy (PT), often in or close to dose-limiting normal tissues. In this study, we investigated dose-averaged LET (LETd) distributions for spot scanning PT of prostate cancer patients using different beam angle configurations. In addition, we derived RBE-weighted (RBEw) dose distributions and related normal tissue complication probabilities (NTCPs) for the rectum and bladder. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 21 spot scanning proton plans were created for each of six patients using a prescription dose of 78 Gy(RBE1.1), with each plan using two 'mirrored' beams with gantry angles from 110°/250° to 70°/290°, in steps of 2°. Physical dose and LETd distributions were calculated as well as RBEw dose distributions using either RBE = 1.1 or three different variable RBE models. The resulting biological dose distributions were used as input to NTCP models for the rectum and bladder. RESULTS For anterior oblique (AO) configurations, the rectum LETd volume and RBEw dose increased with increasing angles off the lateral opposing axis, with the RBEw rectum dose being higher than for all posterior oblique (PO) configurations. For PO configurations, the corresponding trend was seen for the bladder. Using variable RBE models, the rectum NTCPs were highest for the AO configurations with up to 3% for the 80°/280° configuration while the bladder NTCPs were highest for the PO configurations with up to 32% for the 100°/260°. The rectum D1cm3 constraint was fulfilled for most patients/configurations when using uniform RBE but not for any patient/configuration with variable RBE models. CONCLUSIONS Compared to using constant RBE, the variable RBE models predicted increased biological doses to the rectum, bladder and prostate, which in turn lead to substantially higher estimated rectum and bladder NTCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Pedersen
- Department of Medical Physics, Aarhus University Hospital/Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen B. B. Petersen
- Department of Medical Physics, Aarhus University Hospital/Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Camilla H. Stokkevåg
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Stella Flampouri
- University of Florida Proton Therapy Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zuofeng Li
- University of Florida Proton Therapy Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nancy Mendenhall
- University of Florida Proton Therapy Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ludvig P. Muren
- Department of Medical Physics, Aarhus University Hospital/Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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11
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Stokkevåg CH, Schneider U, Muren LP, Newhauser W. Radiation-induced cancer risk predictions in proton and heavy ion radiotherapy. Phys Med 2017; 42:259-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Erbeldinger N, Rapp F, Ktitareva S, Wendel P, Bothe AS, Dettmering T, Durante M, Friedrich T, Bertulat B, Meyer S, Cardoso MC, Hehlgans S, Rödel F, Fournier C. Measuring Leukocyte Adhesion to (Primary) Endothelial Cells after Photon and Charged Particle Exposure with a Dedicated Laminar Flow Chamber. Front Immunol 2017; 8:627. [PMID: 28620384 PMCID: PMC5451490 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium interacts with all types of blood cells and is a key modulator of local and systemic inflammatory processes, for example, in the adhesion of blood leukocytes to endothelial cells (EC) and the following extravasation into the injured tissue. The endothelium is constantly exposed to mechanical forces caused by blood flow, and the resulting shear stress is essential for the maintenance of endothelial function. Changes in local hemodynamics are sensed by EC, leading to acute or persistent changes. Therefore, in vitro assessment of EC functionality should include shear stress as an essential parameter. Parallel-plate flow chambers with adjustable shear stress can be used to study EC properties. However, commercially available systems are not suitable for radiation experiments, especially with charged particles, which are increasingly used in radiotherapy of tumors. Therefore, research on charged-particle-induced vascular side effects is needed. In addition, α-particle emitters (e.g., radon) are used to treat inflammatory diseases at low doses. In the present study, we established a flow chamber system, applicable for the investigation of radiation induced changes in the adhesion of lymphocytes to EC as readout for the onset of an inflammatory reaction or the modification of a pre-existing inflammatory state. In this system, primary human EC are cultured under physiological laminar shear stress, subjected to a proinflammatory treatment and/or irradiation with X-rays or charged particles, followed by a coincubation with primary human lymphocytes (peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL)). Analysis is performed by semiautomated quantification of fluorescent staining in microscopic pictures. First results obtained after irradiation with X-rays or helium ions indicate decreased adhesion of PBL to EC under laminar conditions for both radiation qualities, whereas adhesion of PBL under static conditions is not clearly affected by irradiation. Under static conditions, no radiation-induced changes in surface expression of adhesion molecules and activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling were observed after single cell-based high-throughput analysis. In subsequent studies, these investigations will be extended to laminar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Erbeldinger
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany.,Department of Biology, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Felicitas Rapp
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Svetlana Ktitareva
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Philipp Wendel
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Anna S Bothe
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Till Dettmering
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marco Durante
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas Friedrich
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bianca Bertulat
- Department of Biology, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stephanie Meyer
- Department of Biology, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M C Cardoso
- Department of Biology, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hehlgans
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Franz Rödel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Claudia Fournier
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany
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Ödén J, Eriksson K, Toma-Dasu I. Incorporation of relative biological effectiveness uncertainties into proton plan robustness evaluation. Acta Oncol 2017; 56:769-778. [PMID: 28464736 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2017.1290825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The constant relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 1.1 is typically assumed in proton therapy. This study presents a method of incorporating the variable RBE and its uncertainties into the proton plan robustness evaluation. MATERIAL AND METHODS The robustness evaluation was split into two parts. In part one, the worst-case physical dose was estimated using setup and range errors, including the fractionation dependence. The results were fed into part two, in which the worst-case RBE-weighted doses were estimated using a Monte Carlo method for sampling the input parameters of the chosen RBE model. The method was applied to three prostate, breast and head and neck (H&N) plans for several fractionation schedules using two RBE models. The uncertainties in the model parameters, linear energy transfer and α/β were included. The resulting DVH error bands were compared with the use of a constant RBE without uncertainties. RESULTS All plans were evaluated as robust using the constant RBE. Applying the proposed methodology using the variable RBE models broadens the DVH error bands for all structures studied. The uncertainty in α/β was the dominant factor. The variable RBE also shifted the nominal DVHs towards higher doses for most OARs, whereas the direction of this shift for the clinical target volumes (CTVs) depended on the treatment site, RBE model and fractionation schedule. The average RBE within the CTV, using one of the RBE models and 2 Gy(RBE) per fraction, varied between 1.11-1.26, 1.06-1.16 and 1.14-1.25 for the breast, H&N and prostate patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A method of incorporating RBE uncertainties into the robustness evaluation has been proposed. By disregarding the variable RBE and its uncertainties, the variation in the RBE-weighted CTV and OAR doses may be underestimated. This could be an essential factor to take into account, especially in normal tissue complication probabilities based comparisons between proton and photon plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Ödén
- Department of Physics, Medical Radiation Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- RaySearch Laboratories, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Iuliana Toma-Dasu
- Department of Physics, Medical Radiation Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Medical Radiation Physics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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