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Rosa SIG, Rios-Santos F, Balogun SO, de Almeida DAT, Damazo AS, da Cruz TCD, Pavan E, Barbosa RDS, Alvim TDC, Soares IM, Ascêncio SD, Macho A, Martins DTDO. Hydroethanolic extract from Echinodorus scaber Rataj leaves inhibits inflammation in ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 203:191-199. [PMID: 28342859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Echinodorus scaber, Alismataceae, is popularly known in Brazil as "chapéu-de-couro". The plant leaves are used by the population as decoction, infusion, or maceration in bottled spirits, to treat inflammatory respiratory diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of the hydroethanolic extract of leaves of Echinodorus scaber (HEEs) in allergic asthma. A phytochemical analysis of the extract was performed as well. MATERIALS AND METHODS The leaves of Echinodorus scaber were prepared by maceration in 75% ethanol. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was carried out using basic classical methods, and the secondary metabolites detected in HEEs were analyzed and confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of HEEs was evaluated in Swiss male albino mice sensitized and challenged by OVA. The HEEs (1, 5 and 30mg/kg, p.o.) was administered to mice twice a day, 1h before the challenge, from days 19 through 24. The mechanism of action of HEEs was studied by evaluating the levels of TH2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and IgE production in blood plasma. Histopathological changes triggered by OVA-sensitization/challenge in the lung tissue were also investigated. RESULTS HEEs reduced total leukocyte, eosinophil, neutrophil, and mononuclear cell counts at all doses tested, with maximum effect at 30mg/kg (73.9%, 75.9%, 75.5%, and 65.2% reduction, p<0.001, respectively). Increases in TH2 cytokine secretion (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13) and in IgE levels were also attenuated by HEEs. Preliminary phytochemical screening seems to indicated the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and alkaloids. HPLC analyses evidenced the presence of phenolic compounds, such as gallic acid, rutin and vitexin. CONCLUSION Our findings provided pharmacological preclinical evidence for the popular use of the leaves of Echinodorus scaber in allergic inflammation. Its anti-inflammatory effect was dependent on the decrease in migratory inflammatory cells, and both TH2 cytokines and IgE levels. It is suggested that vitexin, gallic acid and rutin, known anti-inflammatory compounds, may participate in the anti-asthamtic effect of the HEEs, by acting jointly along with other components present in the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellen Iara Guirra Rosa
- Pharmacology Area, Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, UFMT, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Rios-Santos
- Physiology Area, Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, UFMT, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Sikiru Olaitan Balogun
- Pharmacology Area, Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, UFMT, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil; Pharmacy Graduation Curse, Faculty of the Northwest of Mato Grosso, Juína Association of Higher Education, AJES, 78320-000 Juína, MT, Brazil
| | - Danielle Ayr Tavares de Almeida
- Pharmacology Area, Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, UFMT, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Amilcar Sabino Damazo
- Histology and Cell Biology Area, Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, UFMT, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Thais Campos Dias da Cruz
- Pharmacology Area, Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, UFMT, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Pavan
- Pharmacology Area, Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, UFMT, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Robson Dos Santos Barbosa
- Laboratory of Natural Research Products, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Tocantins, UFT, 77020-210 Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | - Tarso da Costa Alvim
- Post-Graduate Studies in Agroenergy, Federal University of Tocantins, UFT, 77020-210 Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | - Ilsamar Mendes Soares
- Laboratory of Natural Research Products, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Tocantins, UFT, 77020-210 Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Donizeti Ascêncio
- Laboratory of Natural Research Products, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Tocantins, UFT, 77020-210 Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | - Antonio Macho
- Physiology Area, Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, UFMT, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Domingos Tabajara de Oliveira Martins
- Pharmacology Area, Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, UFMT, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
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Araújo CRR, Silva TDM, Lopes M, Villela P, Alcântara AFDC, Dessimoni-Pinto NAV. Total antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content and mineral elements in the fruit peel of Myrciaria cauliflora. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1981-67232013005000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content and mineral elements of the fruit peel of Myrciaria cauliflora were investigated. The antioxidant capacity was analyzed by the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and β-carotene methods. The assays based on the DPPH (EC50 = 3.18 g sample/g DPPH), ABTS•+ (1017 μmol Trolox/g sample), FRAP (1676 µM Fe2SO4/g sample) and β-carotene/linoleic acid (70% of oxidation inhibition) methods indicated a high antioxidant capacity of the fruit peel extract of the plant. The Folin-Denis method was more efficient in determining the total phenolic compound contents in the different solvents than the Folin-Ciocalteu one. Extractions made with 4:1 methanol-water, 4:1 ethanol-water, 3:2 ethanol-water and 3:2 acetone-water solutions using the Folin-Denis method exhibited high contents of phenolic compounds (18.95, 14.06, 12.93 and 11.99 mg GAE/g, respectively). Potassium was the major element found in the fruit peel, followed by phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and iron, in that order. As a result, the fruit peel of M. cauliflora can be considered as an important source of natural antioxidants and essential elements of easy access for the population and for application in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monica Lopes
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucurí, Brazil
| | - Paula Villela
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucurí, Brazil
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Anti-inflammatory effects in muscle injury by transdermal application of gel with Lychnophora pinaster aerial parts using phonophoresis in rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:270. [PMID: 24138803 PMCID: PMC3874755 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Lycnophora pinaster is used by the traditional Brazilian medicine for the treatment of inflammations. Anti-inflammatory activity of Lycnophora pinaster was investigated for extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds of their aerial parts. The hexane extract (HE) provided α-amyrin, lupeol, mixture of α-amyrin and lupeol, mixture of 3-O-acetyl-lupeol and 3-O-acetyl-pseudotaraxasterol, and mixture of the steroids stigmasterol and sitosterol. The aqueous extract (WE) provided a fraction containing alkaloids (AF) and another one containing phenolic compounds (PF). Methods The crude hexane extract obtained from aerial parts of L. pinaster was submitted to chromatographic fractionation. The fractionation of PF was performed by preparative HPLC analysis, providing the flavonoid quercetin. The extracts, fractions, and compounds isolated from L. pinaster were tested to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity by experimental model of impact injury, followed by transdermal application of gels with these samples. The application of the gels was performed using phonophoresis in rat paws after induction of muscle injury. Histological analysis was based on scores assigned by the capacity of decreasing the lesion. Results HE and WE exhibited anti-inflammatory activity. Some fractions, triterpenes, and steroids also reduced the inflammatory infiltrates caused by muscle injury. Lupeol promoted a significant reduction of inflammation. Quercetin also provided significant results, promoting the greatest decreases in muscle injury. Conclusion The results of this work suggest that topical application of triterpenes, steroids and flavonoid significantly decreases the inflammatory process generated by muscle injury. The transdermal application using phonophoresis in rat paws of gel with lupeol and quercetin attenuates the inflammation.
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