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Xie J, Yang C, Li X, Wu S, Lin Y. Generation and engineering applications of sulfate radicals in environmental remediation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139659. [PMID: 37506891 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate radical (SO4•-)-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have become promising alternatives in environmental remediation due to the higher redox potential (2.6-3.1 V) and longer half-life period (30-40 μs) of sulfate radicals compared with many other radicals such as hydroxyl radicals (•OH). The generation and mechanisms of SO4•- and the applications of SO4•--AOPs have been examined extensively, while those using sulfite as activation precursor and their comparisons among various activation precursors have rarely reviewed comprehensively. In this article, the latest progresses in SO4•--AOPs were comprehensively reviewed and commented on. First of all, the generation of SO4•- was summarized via the two activation methods using various oxidant precursors, and the generation mechanisms were also presented, which provides a reference for guiding researchers to better select two precursors. Secondly, the reaction mechanisms of SO4•- were reviewed for organic pollutant degradation, and the reactivity was systematically compared between SO4•- and •OH. Thirdly, methods for SO4•- detection were reviewed which include quantitative and qualitative ones, over which current controversies were discussed. Fourthly, the applications of SO4•--AOPs in various environmental remediation were summarized, and the advantages, challenges, and prospects were also commented. At last, future research needs for SO4•--AOPs were also proposed consequently. This review could lead to better understanding and applications of SO4•--AOPs in environmental remediations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xie
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Chunping Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Academy of Environmental and Resource Sciences, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, 525000, China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330063, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- Academy of Environmental and Resource Sciences, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, 525000, China
| | - Shaohua Wu
- Academy of Environmental and Resource Sciences, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, 525000, China.
| | - Yan Lin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
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Paradzinsky M, Troya D, Tanko JM. Insight into Hydrogen Abstractions by Nitrate Radical: Structural, Solvent Effects, and Evidence for a Polar Transition State. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5471-5480. [PMID: 34157229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c01726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of a polarized transition state and solvent effects on nitrate radical reactions was examined with a previously under-reported class of substrates, ethers, for their atmospheric implications. Absolute rate constants for hydrogen abstraction from a series of alcohols, ethers, and alkanes by nitrate radical have been measured in acetonitrile, water, and mixtures of these two solvents. Across all of these classes of compounds, using a modified form of the Evans-Polanyi relationship, it is demonstrated that the observed structure/reactivity trends can be reconciled by considering the number of abstractable hydrogens, strength of the C-H bond, and ionization potential (IP) of the substrate. Hydrogen abstractions by nitrate radical occur with low selectivity and are characterized by an early transition state (α ≈ 0.3). The dependence of the rate constant on IP suggests a polar transition state with some degree (<10%) of charge transfer. These conclusions stand for reactions conducted in solution (CH3CN and H2O) as well as gas-phase values. Because of this polar transition state, the rate constants increase going from the gas phase to a polar solvent, and the magnitude of the increase is consistent with Kirkwood theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Paradzinsky
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Diego Troya
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - James M Tanko
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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Wojnárovits L, Takács E. Rate constants of sulfate radical anion reactions with organic molecules: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 220:1014-1032. [PMID: 33395788 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The rate constants of sulfate radical anion reaction (kSO4-) with about 230 organic molecules of environmental interest are tabulated and discussed, together with both the methods of rate constant determinations and the reaction mechanisms. kSO4-'s were collected from the original publications. The highest values in the ∼109 M-1 s-1 range are published for aromatic molecules. There is a tendency that electron donating substituents increase and electron withdrawing substituents decrease these values. There are just a few compounds with rate constants established using different techniques in different laboratories. kSO4-'s determined in different laboratories by the direct techniques, pulse radiolysis or laser flash photolysis, in most cases agree reasonably. The values determined by competitive experimental techniques, by complex kinetics calculations, or by modelling show a large scatter. Some of these techniques seem to be questionable for kSO4- determination. The sulfate radical anion reacts with ketone and amine moieties of molecules by electron transfer. The same mechanism is also suggested for the reaction with aromatic rings. However, in a few cases addition to the double bond and sulfate anion elimination reactions were distinguished. A typical reaction with the aliphatic parts of the molecule is H-abstraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Wojnárovits
- Radiation Chemistry Department, Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Centre for Energy Research, HAS, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary.
| | - Erzsébet Takács
- Radiation Chemistry Department, Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Centre for Energy Research, HAS, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary.
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Parrino F, Livraghi S, Giamello E, Palmisano L. The Existence of Nitrate Radicals in Irradiated TiO
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Aqueous Suspensions in the Presence of Nitrate Ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Parrino
- Dipartimento di EnergiaIngegneria dell'Informazione e Modelli Matematici (DEIM)University of Palermo viale delle Scienze Ed. 6 90128 Palermo Italy
| | - Stefano Livraghi
- Dipartimento di Chimica and NISUniversity of Torino Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Elio Giamello
- Dipartimento di Chimica and NISUniversity of Torino Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Leonardo Palmisano
- Dipartimento di EnergiaIngegneria dell'Informazione e Modelli Matematici (DEIM)University of Palermo viale delle Scienze Ed. 6 90128 Palermo Italy
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Parrino F, Livraghi S, Giamello E, Palmisano L. The Existence of Nitrate Radicals in Irradiated TiO 2 Aqueous Suspensions in the Presence of Nitrate Ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10702-10706. [PMID: 29938878 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Evidence of the existence of nitrate radical in irradiated aqueous TiO2 suspensions in the presence of nitrate ions are reported for the first time. The joint use of UV/Vis and EPR spectroscopy showed that nitrate radicals are formed by hole induced oxidation of nitrate ions. Photocatalytic degradation of a model alkene compound allowed to highlight the presence of an intermediate organic nitrate deriving from nitrate radical attack to the double bond of the substrate. These results not only allow deeper understanding of photocatalytic processes, but open the route to new green photocatalytic syntheses initiated by nitrate radicals and to new insights in the field of atmospheric chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Parrino
- Dipartimento di Energia, Ingegneria dell'Informazione e Modelli Matematici (DEIM), University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Livraghi
- Dipartimento di Chimica and NIS, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Elio Giamello
- Dipartimento di Chimica and NIS, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Leonardo Palmisano
- Dipartimento di Energia, Ingegneria dell'Informazione e Modelli Matematici (DEIM), University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, 90128, Palermo, Italy
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Shao A, Luo X, Chiang CW, Gao M, Lei A. Furans Accessed through Visible-Light-Mediated Oxidative [3+2] Cycloaddition of Enols and Alkynes. Chemistry 2017; 23:17874-17878. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ailong Shao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 Hubei P.R. China
| | - Xu Luo
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 Hubei P.R. China
| | - Chien-Wei Chiang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 Hubei P.R. China
| | - Meng Gao
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis; Jiangxi Normal University; Nanchang 330022 Jiangxi P.R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 Hubei P.R. China
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis; Jiangxi Normal University; Nanchang 330022 Jiangxi P.R. China
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Zhao C, Si B, Mirza ZA, Liu Y, He X, Li J, Wang Z, Zheng H. Activated carbon fiber (ACF) enhances the UV/EF system to remove nitrobenzene in water. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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The low temperature radiolysis of cis-syn-cis- dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 complexes with alkaline earth metal nitrates: An evidence for energy transfer to the macrocyclic ligand. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Herrmann H, Schaefer T, Tilgner A, Styler SA, Weller C, Teich M, Otto T. Tropospheric aqueous-phase chemistry: kinetics, mechanisms, and its coupling to a changing gas phase. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4259-334. [PMID: 25950643 DOI: 10.1021/cr500447k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Schaefer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Tilgner
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah A Styler
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Weller
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Monique Teich
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Otto
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Jin J, MacMillan DWC. Direct α-arylation of ethers through the combination of photoredox-mediated C-H functionalization and the Minisci reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:1565-9. [PMID: 25470570 PMCID: PMC4311771 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The direct α-arylation of cyclic and acyclic ethers with heteroarenes has been accomplished through the design of a photoredox-mediated CH functionalization pathway. Transiently generated α-oxyalkyl radicals, produced from a variety of widely available ethers through hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), were coupled with a range of electron-deficient heteroarenes in a Minisci-type mechanism. This mild, visible-light-driven protocol allows direct access to medicinal pharmacophores of broad utility using feedstock substrates and a commercial photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jin
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States, Homepage: http://www.princeton.edu/chemistry/macmillan/
| | - David W. C. MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States, Homepage: http://www.princeton.edu/chemistry/macmillan/
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Jin J, MacMillan DWC. Direct α-Arylation of Ethers through the Combination of Photoredox-Mediated CH Functionalization and the Minisci Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Osburn S, O'Hair RAJ. Unleashing radical sites in non-covalent complexes: the case of the protonated S-nitrosocysteine/18-crown-6 complex. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:2783-2788. [PMID: 24214864 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Introducing radicals onto gas-phase non-covalent complexes and studying their chemistry is a relatively unexplored frontier. In generating these radicals via bond homolysis reactions, it is important that the energy necessary for forming the radical does not exceed the energy required for dissociating the complex itself. Based on this consideration, new approaches for creating these radicals will probably have to involve incorporation of weak bonds that can easily undergo homolysis. METHODS The formation of a radical cation, via collision-induced dissociation, of protonated S-nitrosocysteine non-covalently bound to the crown ether 18-crown-6 is described here. The radical cation of this complex was isolated and subjected to collisional activation and ion-molecule reactions with allyl iodide. The results were compared with those of the radical cation of 'bare' cysteine. RESULTS Collisional activation of the radical cation of the cysteine/crown complex led to fragmentation of cysteine as well as of the crown ether. Ion-molecule reactions of the radical cation of the complex with allyl iodide led to products arising from I and allyl abstraction. Isolation and CID of the former product ion led to the loss of iodocysteine. CONCLUSIONS Cleavage of the weak S-NO bond has allowed the formation of a radical site onto a non-covalent complex. Ion-molecule reactions and collisional activation were utilized to probe the chemistry of this radical cation. The approach adopted here for incorporating a radical onto a cysteine/crown complex shows promise for the introduction of radical sites onto other biological non-covalent complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Osburn
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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Zakurdaeva O, Nesterov S, Feldman V. Localization of radiation damages in X-rays irradiated cis-syn-cis-dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 and its inclusion complex with BaCl2. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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