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Bai Z, Gao X, Liu Z, Chao D, Wang Y, Yin J, Jiang C, Yang W, Ma J, Chen Y. Direct Observation of the Anisotropic Transport Behavior of Li + in Graphite Anodes and Thermal Runaway Induced by the Interlayer Polarization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:23623-23630. [PMID: 37133314 PMCID: PMC10198158 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Graphite is one of the major anode materials for commercial lithium-ion batteries. Li+ transport in a single graphite granule along intra and interlayer modes is a crucial factor for the battery performance. However, direct evidence and visualized details of the Li+ transports are hardly provided. Here, we report the direct observation of the anisotropic transport behavior of Li+ and investigate the electro-chemo-structure evolution during the lithiation of graphite through both the intra and interlayer pathways via in situ transmission electron microscopy. The in situ experiments of nano batteries give two extreme conditions, in which thermal runaway induced by polarization only occurs along the interlayer, not along the intralayer. The high diffusion energy barrier induced large polarization when the interlayer Li+ transport became dominant. The energy of the polarization electric field would be instantaneously released like a short electric pulse, which generated a substantial amount of joule heat and created an extremely high temperature, causing the melting of the tungsten tip. We provide another possible fundamental mechanism of thermal failure in graphite-based Li-ion batteries and hope this insightful work would help the safety management of graphite-based lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichuan Bai
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan
University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, P. R. China
- Center
for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Chongqing
Talent New Energy Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401133, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- School
of Applied Physics and Materials, Jiangmen Advanced Battery Material
Engineering and Technology Research Center, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Dongliang Chao
- Laboratory
of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis
and Innovative Materials, and School of Chemistry and Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Center
for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yin
- School of
Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, P. R. China
| | - Cairong Jiang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan
University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, P. R. China
| | - Wenge Yang
- Center
for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Ma
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan
University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, P. R. China
| | - Yongjin Chen
- Center
for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Beijing 100094, P. R. China
- Chongqing
Talent New Energy Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401133, P. R. China
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Neov D, Slavov L, Donkov A, Mirzayev M, Popov E, Demir E, Siemek K, Djourelov N, Turchenko V, Sharipov Z, Horodek P, Beskrovnyi A, Valizade A, Samedov O, Vladescu A, Krezhov K, Felicia I. Structural study of W2B obtained via mechanical alloying of W, B4C, TiC and graphite before and after He ions irradiation. NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2022.101201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Lv S, Gao J, Jin Y, Zhou Z, Zhao Y, Yano T, Li Z. The structure evolution in neutron-Irradiated nuclear graphite and post-annealing. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Multifunctional, Robust, and Porous PHBV-GO/MXene Composite Membranes with Good Hydrophilicity, Antibacterial Activity, and Platelet Adsorption Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213748. [PMID: 34771308 PMCID: PMC8588032 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The limitations of hydrophilicity, strength, antibacterial activity adsorption performance of the biobased and biocompatible polymer materials, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), significantly restrict their wider applications especially in medical areas. In this paper, a novel composite membrane with high antibacterial activity and platelet adsorption performance was prepared based on graphene oxide (GO), MXene and 3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV), which are medium-chain-length-copolymers of PHA. The GO/MXene nanosheets can uniformly inset on the surface of PHBV fibre and give the PHBV—GO/MXene composite membranes superior hydrophilicity due to the presence of hydroxyl groups and terminal oxygen on the surface of nanosheets, which further provides the functional site for the free radical polymerization of ester bonds between GO/MXene and PHBV. As a result, the tensile strength, platelet adsorption, and blood coagulation time of the PHBV—GO/MXene composite membranes were remarkably increased compared with those of the pure PHBV membranes. The antibacterial rate of the PHBV—GO/MXene composite membranes against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria can reach 97% due to the antibacterial nature of MXene. The improved strength, hydrophilicity, antibacterial activity and platelet adsorption performance suggest that PHBV—GO/MXene composite membranes might be ideal candidates for multifunctional materials for haemostatic applications.
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5
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Structural and mechanical properties of different types of graphite used in nuclear applications. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Manojkumar PA, Krishna NG, Mangamma G, Albert SK. Understanding the structural and chemical changes in vertical graphene nanowalls upon plasma nitrogen ion implantation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:10773-10783. [PMID: 31086928 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02165e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Shallow plasma ion implantation is a versatile method for nitrogen incorporation in vertical graphene nanowalls (VGNs). However, the defects introduced by the process and the preference of nitrogen to occupy various locations in the 2D layered structure make the characterization complex. We have simplified the analysis of 2 kV nitrogen plasma ion implanted VGNs by correlating the binding energy of N1s electrons with the chemical state of nitrogen as lone-pair localized (N1), lone-pair de-localized (N2) and quaternary nitrogen (N3). This new approach helps to understand the electronic nature of implanted VGNs, based on the occupancy of structural locations by nitrogen. The C1s photoelectron spectra and G-peak intensity normalized comparison of the entire Raman spectra revealed large scale sp2C to sp3C conversion and generation of defects upon implantation. The increase in relative stiffness of implanted VGNs, as observed in atomic force acoustic microscopic studies, was correlated with the formation of graphitic CNx (N2), crosslinking of layers by nitrogen (N3) and interlayer sp3 carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Manojkumar
- Surface and Nanoscience Division, MSG, IGCAR, HBNI, Kalpakkam, 603102, India.
| | | | - G Mangamma
- Surface and Nanoscience Division, MSG, IGCAR, HBNI, Kalpakkam, 603102, India.
| | - S K Albert
- Metallurgy and Materials Group, IGCAR, HBNI, Kalpakkam, 603102, India
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März B, Jolley K, Marrow TJ, Zhou Z, Heggie M, Smith R, Wu H. Data related to the mesoscopic structure of iso-graphite for nuclear applications. Data Brief 2018; 19:651-659. [PMID: 29900365 PMCID: PMC5997625 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The data in this article are related to the research article "Mesoscopic structure features in synthetic graphite" (März et al., 2018) [1]. Details of the manufacture of isostatically moulded graphite (iso-graphite), thin foil preparation by focused ion beams (FIB) for analysis, and characterisation methods are provided. The detailed structures of coke filler and binding carbon are presented through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and Raman spectroscopy characterisation. Atomistic modelling results of mesoscopic structural features are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin März
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Kenny Jolley
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Thomas James Marrow
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Zhaoxia Zhou
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Malcolm Heggie
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Roger Smith
- Department of Mathematical Science, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Houzheng Wu
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
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Payne L, Heard PJ, Scott TB. Examination of Surface Deposits on Oldbury Reactor Core Graphite to Determine the Concentration and Distribution of 14C. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164159. [PMID: 27706228 PMCID: PMC5051679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pile Grade A graphite was used as a moderator and reflector material in the first generation of UK Magnox nuclear power reactors. As all of these reactors are now shut down there is a need to examine the concentration and distribution of long lived radioisotopes, such as 14C, to aid in understanding their behaviour in a geological disposal facility. A selection of irradiated graphite samples from Oldbury reactor one were examined where it was observed that Raman spectroscopy can distinguish between underlying graphite and a surface deposit found on exposed channel wall surfaces. The concentration of 14C in this deposit was examined by sequentially oxidising the graphite samples in air at low temperatures (450°C and 600°C) to remove the deposit and then the underlying graphite. The gases produced were captured in a series of bubbler solutions that were analysed using liquid scintillation counting. It was observed that the surface deposit was relatively enriched with 14C, with samples originating lower in the reactor exhibiting a higher concentration of 14C. Oxidation at 600°C showed that the remaining graphite material consisted of two fractions of 14C, a surface associated fraction and a graphite lattice associated fraction. The results presented correlate well with previous studies on irradiated graphite that suggest there are up to three fractions of 14C; a readily releasable fraction (corresponding to that removed by oxidation at 450°C in this study), a slowly releasable fraction (removed early at 600°C in this study), and an unreleasable fraction (removed later at 600°C in this study).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Payne
- Interface Analysis Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Peter J. Heard
- Interface Analysis Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas B. Scott
- Interface Analysis Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
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Krishna R, Jones AN, Edge R, Marsden BJ. Residual stress measurements in polycrystalline graphite with micro-Raman spectroscopy. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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