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Sayed FA, Elsayed HA, Mehaney A, Eissa MF, Aly AH. A doped-polymer based porous silicon photonic crystal sensor for the detection of gamma-ray radiation. RSC Adv 2023; 13:3123-3138. [PMID: 36756394 PMCID: PMC9851373 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07637c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research, a theoretical investigation of the one-dimensional defective photonic crystals is considered for the detection of gamma-ray radiation. Each unit cell of the considered one-dimensional photonic crystals (1D PhCs) is composed of two layers designed from porous silicon infiltrated by poly-vinyl alcohol polymer doped with crystal violet (CV) and carbol fuchsine (CF) dyes (doped-polymer) with different porosity. In addition, a single layer of doped-polymer is included in the middle of the designed 1D PhCs to stimulate the localization of a distinct resonant wavelength through the photonic band gap. In particular, the appearance of this resonant mode represents the backbone of our study towards the detection of γ-ray radiation with doses from 0 to 70 Gy. The Bruggeman's effective medium equation, the fitted experimental data to the refractive index of the doped-polymer, and the Transfers Matrix Method (TMM) serve as the mainstay of our theoretical treatment. The numerical findings provide significant contributions to some of the governing parameters such as the thicknesses of the considered materials on the performance of the presented sensor, the effect of incidence angle and the porosity of the considered materials on the resonance wavelength. In this regard, at optimum values of these parameters the sensitivity, quality factor, signal-to-noise ratio, detection limit, sensor resolution, and figure of merit that are obtained are 205.7906 nm RIU-1, 9380.483, 49.315, 2.05 × 10-5 RIU, 3.27 × 10-5, and 2429.31 RIU-1, respectively. Therefore, we believe that the suggested design could be of significant interest in many industrial, medical, and scientific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma A. Sayed
- TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef UniversityBeni-Suef62521Egypt
| | - Hussein A. Elsayed
- TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef UniversityBeni-Suef62521Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mehaney
- TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef 62521 Egypt
| | - M. F. Eissa
- TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef UniversityBeni-Suef62521Egypt
| | - Arafa H. Aly
- TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef UniversityBeni-Suef62521Egypt
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Bajuri F, Bradley D, Mustafa S, Tamchek N, Ahmad Saad F, Mazlan N, Mohd Noor N. Morphology and thermoluminescence characteristics of customised Ge-doped optical fibre under Am–Be neutron source as a potential to be used for space radiation detector. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Alyahyawi A, Alanazi AH, Almurayshid M, Alshahri S, Almeshari M, Bradley DA. Off-the-shelf thermoluminescent silica glass media for use in medical diagnostic dosimetry applications. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 178:109953. [PMID: 34560514 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In respect of radiation exposure assessments, thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) represent a notable and important subset of passive detector technology, gaining widespread use over a period of many decades, not least for medical applications. TLDs are available in a range of physical and chemical forms, in particular the popularity of phosphor-based commercial products arising from features that include availability down to low mm dimensions, soft-tissue equivalence in some cases, and relatively low TL fading. Novel doped silica glass TL material fabricated as fibres also offer favourable responses, recent developments in co-doping leading to their ability to also provide for diagnostic radiology applications, adding to the attractive features of being impervious to water, of good sensitivity, and generally offering wide dynamic range. Thus said, doping and fibre fabrication involve relatively high costs. Accordingly, herein exploratory investigations are made of the cost-effective colourless silica-based glass medium from which marbles are made, reduced into chip form for ease of application, examining sensitivity to dose. In particular, the study focuses on the computerised tomography clinical application regime, 80- to 140 kVp, with excellent response being shown for doses within the range 2- to 50 mGy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Alyahyawi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia; Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Abdulaziz H Alanazi
- Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK; Medical Physics Department, Cancer Centre, Prince Mohammed Medical City, P.O. Box: 2254, Sakaka Aljouf, 42421, Saudi Arabia; University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Mansour Almurayshid
- Nuclear Science Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology (KACST), P. O. Box 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alshahri
- Nuclear Science Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology (KACST), P. O. Box 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshari Almeshari
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - D A Bradley
- Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK; University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK; Sunway University, Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, Jalan Universiti, 47500, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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Begum M, Rahman AKMM, Abdul-Rashid HA, Yusoff Z, Mat Nawi SN, Khandaker MU, Bradley DA. Photonic crystal fibre as a potential medium for radiotherapy dosimetry. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 174:109771. [PMID: 34048992 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Present study concerns the key thermoluminescence (TL) properties of photonic crystal fibres (PCFs), seeking development of alternatively structured TL materials that are able to offer a advantages over existing passive dosimeters. In terms of their internal structure and light guiding properties the PCFs, collapsed and structured, differ significantly from that of conventional optical fibres. To investigate the dosimetric parameters of the PCFs use was made of a linear accelerator producing a 6 MV photon beam, delivering doses ranging from 0.5 Gy to 8 Gy. The parameters studied included TL response, linearity index, glow curves, relative sensitivity and TL signal fading, the results being compared against those obtained using TLD-100 chips. At 4 Gy photon dose the Ge-doped collapsed PCFs were found to provide a response 27 × that of structured PCF, also giving a TL yield similar to that of standard TLD-100 chips. Over post-irradiation periods of 15 and 30 days collapsed PCF TL signal fading were 8% and 17% respectively, with corresponding values of 37% and 64% for the structured PCF. Trapping parameters including the order of kinetics (b), activation energy (E) and frequency factor (s-1) were assessed with Chen's peak shape method. Lifetime of trapping centre was found to be (2.36 E+03) s and (9.03 E +01) s regarding the collapsed and structured PCF respectively with 6 Gy of photon beam. For the Ge-doped collapsed PCF, the high TL yield, sensitivity and low fading provide the basis of a highly promising system of TLD for radiotherapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfuza Begum
- Health Physics & Radioactive Waste Management Unit, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Ganakbari, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - A K M Mizanur Rahman
- Health Physics Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, 4 Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Shahbag, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - H A Abdul-Rashid
- Fiber Optics Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia
| | - Z Yusoff
- Fiber Optics Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurasiah Mat Nawi
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - D A Bradley
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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Sani SA, Othman M, Alqahtani A, Nazeri AA, Almugren K, Ung N, Hashim S, Alkallas F, Bradley D. Passive dosimetry of electron irradiated borosilicate glass slides. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bradley D, Khandaker M, Alanazi A. Irradiated glass and thermoluminescence yield: Dosimetric utility reviewed. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Thermoluminescence features of commercial glass and retrospective accident dosimetry. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Rais NNM, Bradley DA, Hashim A, Osman ND, Noor NM. Fabricated germanium-doped fibres for computed tomography dosimetry. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 153:108810. [PMID: 31351374 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.108810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For a range of doses familiarly incurred in computed tomography (CT), study is made of the performance of Germanium (Ge)-doped fibre dosimeters formed into cylindrical and flat shapes. Indigenously fabricated 2.3 mol% and 6 mol% Ge-dopant concentration preforms have been used to produce flat- and cylindrical-fibres (FF and CF) of various size and diameters; an additional 4 mol% Ge-doped commercial fibre with a core diameter of 50 μm has also been used. The key characteristics examined include the linearity index f(d), dose sensitivity and minimum detectable dose (MDD), the performance of the fibres being compared against that of lithium-fluoride based TLD-100 thermoluminescence (TL) dosimeters. For doses in the range 2-40 milligray (mGy), delivered at constant potential of 120 kilovoltage (kV), both the fabricated and commercial fibres demonstrate supralinear behaviours at doses < 2 mGy, while a value of close to f(D) = 1 (linear) has been obtained for all dosimeters for doses > 4 mGy. In terms of dose sensitivity, all of the fibres show superior TL sensitivity when compared against TLD-100, the 2.3 mol% and 6 mol% Ge-doped FF demonstrating the greatest TL sensitivity at 84 and 87 times that of TLD-100. The TL yields for the novel Ge-doped silica glass render them appealing for use within the present medical imaging dose range, offering linearity at high sensitivity down to less than 2 mGy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N M Rais
- Department of Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25710, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - D A Bradley
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Sunway University, Centre for Biomedical Physics, Jalan Universiti, 46150, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - A Hashim
- Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, 43600, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N D Osman
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - N M Noor
- Department of Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Rais NNM, Bradley DA, Hashim A, Isa NM, Osman ND, Ismail I, Hassan HA, Noor NM. Dosimetric response of fabricated Ge-doped optical fibres in computed tomography RQT beam quality x-ray beams. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2019; 39:N8-N18. [PMID: 31018196 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ab1c16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Novel germanium (Ge)-doped silica glass fibres tailor-made in Malaysia are fast gaining recognition as potential media for thermoluminescence (TL) dosimetry, with active research ongoing into exploitation of their various beneficial characteristics. Investigation is made herein of the capability of these media for use in diagnostic imaging dosimetry, specifically at the radiation dose levels typically obtained in conduct of Computed Tomography (CT). As a first step within such efforts, there is need to investigate the performance of the fibres using tightly defined spectra, use being made of a Philips constant potential industrial x-ray facility, Model MG165, located at the Malaysian Nuclear Agency Secondary Standards Dosimetry Lab (SSDL). Standard radiation beam qualities (termed RQT) have been established for CT, in accord with IEC 61267: 2003 and IAEA Technical Reports Series No. 457: 2007. A calibrated ionisation chamber has also been utilised, forming a component part of the SSDL equipment. The fabricated fibres used in this study are 2.3 mol% flat fibre (FF) of dimensions 643 × 356 μm2 and 2.3 mol% cylindrical fibre (CF) of 481 μm diameter, while the commercial fibre used is 4 mol% with core diameter of 50 μm. The dopant concentrations are nominal preform values. The fibres have been irradiated to doses of 20, 30 and 40 milligray (mGy) for each of the beam qualities RQT 8, RQT 9 and RQT 10. For x-rays generated at constant potential values from 100 to 150 kV, a discernible energy-dependent response is seen, comparisons being made with that of lithium fluoride (LiF) thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLD-100). TL yield versus dose has also been investigated for x-ray doses from 2 to 40 mGy, all exhibiting linearity. Compared to TLD-100, greater sensitivity is observed for the fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N M Rais
- Department of Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Moradi F, Ung NM, Mahdiraji GA, Khandaker MU, See MH, Taib NA, Bradley DA. Evaluation of Ge-doped silica fibre TLDs forin vivodosimetry during intraoperative radiotherapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 64:08NT04. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab0d4e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Investigations of thermoluminescent silica beads of different manufacturers and colours. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Radioluminescence sensing of radiology exposures using P-doped silica optical fibres. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 141:176-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Alyahyawi A, Jupp T, Alkhorayef M, Bradley D. Tailor-made Ge-doped silica-glass for clinical diagnostic X-ray dosimetry. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 138:45-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Alyahyawi A, Siti Rozaila Z, Siti Shafiqah A, Sabtu SN, Alsubaie A, Alanazi A, Daar E, Abdul Sani S, Bradley D. Investigation of silica-based TL media for diagnostic x-ray dosimetry. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rozaila ZS, Khandaker MU, Abdul Sani SF, Sabtu SN, Amin YM, Maah MJ, Bradley DA. Environmental monitoring through use of silica-based TLD. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2017; 37:761-779. [PMID: 28581438 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/aa770e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity of a novel silica-based fibre-form thermoluminescence dosimeter was tested off-site of a rare-earths processing plant, investigating the potential for obtaining baseline measurements of naturally occurring radioactive materials. The dosimeter, a Ge-doped collapsed photonic crystal fibre (PCFc) co-doped with B, was calibrated against commercially available thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) (TLD-200 and TLD-100) using a bremsstrahlung (tube-based) x-ray source. Eight sampling sites within 1 to 20 km of the perimeter of the rare-earth facility were identified, the TLDs (silica- as well as TLD-200 and TLD-100) in each case being buried within the soil at fixed depth, allowing measurements to be obtained, in this case for protracted periods of exposure of between two to eight months. The values of the dose were then compared against values projected on the basis of radioactivity measurements of the associated soils, obtained via high-purity germanium gamma-ray spectrometry. Accord was found in relative terms between the TL evaluations at each site and the associated spectroscopic results. Thus said, in absolute terms, the TL evaluated doses were typically less than those derived from gamma-ray spectroscopy, by ∼50% in the case of PCFc-Ge. Gamma spectrometry analysis typically provided an upper limit to the projected dose, and the Marinelli beaker contents were formed from sieving to provide a homogenous well-packed medium. However, with the radioactivity per unit mass typically greater for smaller particles, with preferential adsorption on the surface and the surface area per unit volume increasing with decrease in radius, this made for an elevated dose estimate. Prevailing concentrations of key naturally occurring radionuclides in soil, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, were also determined, together with radiological dose evaluation. To date, the area under investigation, although including a rare-earth processing facility, gives no cause for concern from radiological impact. The current study reveals the suitability of the optical fibre based micro-dosimeter for all-weather monitoring of low-level environmental radioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Siti Rozaila
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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