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Ibrahim M, Petrík S. Brake Fluid Condition Monitoring by a Fiber Optic Sensor Using Silica Nanomaterials as Sensing Components. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2524. [PMID: 38676141 PMCID: PMC11053408 DOI: 10.3390/s24082524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In the automotive industry, there has been considerable focus on developing various sensors for engine oil monitoring. However, when it comes to monitoring the condition of brake fluid, which is crucial for ensuring safety, there has been a lack of a secure online method for this monitoring. This study addresses this gap by developing a hybrid silica nanofiber mat, or an aerogel integrated with an optical fiber sensor, to monitor brake fluid condition. The incorporation of silica nanofibers in this hybrid enhances the sensitivity of the optical fiber glass surface by at least 3.75 times. Furthermore, creating an air gap between the glass surface of the optical fiber and the nanofibers boosts sensitivity by at least 5 times, achieving a better correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.98). In the case of silica aerogel, the sensitivity is enhanced by 10 times, but this enhancement relies on the presence of the established air gap. The air gap was adjusted to range from 0.5 mm to 1 mm, without any significant change in the measurement within this range. The response time of the developed sensor is a minimum of 15 min. The sensing material is irreversible and has a diameter of 2.5 mm, making it easily replaceable. Overall, the sensor demonstrates strong repeatability, with approximately 90% consistency, and maintains uncertainty levels below 5% across specific ranges: from 3% to 6% for silica aerogel and from 5% to 6% for silica nanofibers in the presence of an air gap. These findings hold promise for integrating such an optical fiber sensor into a car's electronic system, enabling the direct online monitoring of brake fluid quality. Additionally, the study elucidates the effect of water absorption on the refractive index of brake fluid, as well as on the silica nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayza Ibrahim
- Department of Advanced Materials, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 46001 Liberec, Czech Republic;
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Lee Y, Lee H, Kim EJ, Lee SD, Jung CY. Potential use of polydimethylsiloxane phantom in acupuncture manipulation practice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25428. [PMID: 38322835 PMCID: PMC10845916 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Sufficient trials of acupuncture manipulations should be practiced to obtain proficiency. However, there is not an adequate quantitative methodology for selecting a tissue-mimicking phantom that effectively reproduces the mechanical behavior that occurs during acupuncture. The objective of this study was to determine the proper mixing ratio of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to obtain tissue phantom that is the most similar to porcine phantoms. Design An automatic needle manipulator equipped with a six-degrees-of-freedom force/torque sensor was installed to monitor the interaction force that occurred when the acupuncture needle performed lifting-thrusting and twirling manipulations. Four types of PDMS phantoms, composed of two silicone elastomers with different hardener ratios, were studied alongside four control groups consisting of different porcine sites. A Visual Analog Scale was used to quantify the similarity of the PDMS phantoms to the controls by 11 Korean medical doctors. Results Using the lifting-thrusting method, PDMS D (mixing ratio of 1:4.5) and control 2 (porcine blade shoulder) revealed no significant difference in the dynamic friction coefficients or maximum and minimum friction force values (P < 0.001). Using the twirling method, PDMS D showed no significant difference from all controls in the viscosity coefficient or maximum and minimum torque values (P ≤ 0.001). By practitioners, PDMS D showed the greatest score. Conclusion PDMS D delivered a haptic sensation that is most similar to that of biological tissues in the case of acu-needle lifting-thrusting and twirling methods. This finding guides the preparation of tissue phantoms for acu-needle studies and acupuncture training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsun Lee
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Bucheon Jaseng Hospital of Oriental Medicine, Bucheon, 14598, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosang Lee
- Haptic intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Eun Jung Kim
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Dongguk University Bundang Oriental Hospital, Seongnam, 13601, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Deok Lee
- Dongguk University Los Angeles, 440 Shatto PI, Los Angeles, CA 90020, USA
| | - Chan Yung Jung
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Dongguk University Ilsan Oriental Hospital, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
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Gutzov S. Functional Sol-Gel Composites: Preparation and Applications. Molecules 2023; 29:33. [PMID: 38202615 PMCID: PMC10779668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Stoyan Gutzov
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Veselova VO, Gajtko OM, Sipyagina NA, Volodin VD, Lermontov SA, Egorysheva AV. Scintillation Material Based on SiO2 Aerogel Containing Highly Dispersed Bi4Ge3O12. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s003602362260068x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Yorov KE, Baranchikov AE, Kiskin MA, Sidorov AA, Ivanov VK. Functionalization of Aerogels with Coordination Compounds. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328422020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ghimire S, Sala MR, Chandrasekaran S, Raptopoulos G, Worsley M, Paraskevopoulou P, Leventis N, Sabri F. Noninvasive Detection, Tracking, and Characterization of Aerogel Implants Using Diagnostic Ultrasound. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040722. [PMID: 35215635 PMCID: PMC8875680 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical implants are routinely tracked and monitored using different techniques, such as MRI, X-ray, and ultrasound. Due to the need for ionizing radiation, the two former methods pose a significant risk to tissue. Ultrasound imaging, however, is non-invasive and presents no known risk to human tissue. Aerogels are an emerging material with great potential in biomedical implants. While qualitative observation of ultrasound images by experts can already provide a lot of information about the implants and the surrounding structures, this paper describes the development and study of two simple B-Mode image analysis techniques based on attenuation measurements and echogenicity comparisons, which can further enhance the study of the biological tissues and implants, especially of different types of biocompatible aerogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Ghimire
- Department of Physics and Material Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; (S.G.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Martina Rodriguez Sala
- Department of Physics and Material Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; (S.G.); (M.R.S.)
| | | | - Grigorios Raptopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (G.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Marcus Worsley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, USA; (S.C.); (M.W.)
| | - Patrina Paraskevopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (G.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Nicholas Leventis
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA;
| | - Firouzeh Sabri
- Department of Physics and Material Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; (S.G.); (M.R.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Ferreira-Gonçalves T, Constantin C, Neagu M, Reis CP, Sabri F, Simón-Vázquez R. Safety and efficacy assessment of aerogels for biomedical applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112356. [PMID: 34710839 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique physicochemical properties of aerogels have made them an attractive class of materials for biomedical applications such as drug delivery, regenerative medicine, and wound healing. Their low density, high porosity, and ability to regulate the pore structure makes aerogels ideal nano/micro-structures for loading of drugs and active biomolecules. As a result of this, the number of in vitro and in vivo studies on the therapeutic efficacy of these porous materials has increased substantially in recent years and continues to be an area of great interest. However, data about their in vivo performance and safety is limited. Studies have shown that polymer-based, silica-based and some hybrid aerogels are generally regarded as safe but given that studies on the acute, subacute, and chronic toxicity for the majority of aerogel types is missing, more work is still needed. This review presents a comprehensive summary of different biomedical applications of aerogels proposed to date as well as new and innovative applications of aerogels in other areas such as decontamination. We have also reviewed their biological effect on cells and living organisms with a focus on therapeutic efficacy and overall safety (in vivo and in vitro).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Ferreira-Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa - Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania; Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, Bucharest 020125, Romania.
| | - Monica Neagu
- Immunology Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania; Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, Bucharest 020125, Romania.
| | - Catarina Pinto Reis
- Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa - Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, IBEB, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Firouzeh Sabri
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Memphis, Memphis 38152, TN, United States.
| | - Rosana Simón-Vázquez
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Immunology Group, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Spain.
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Lebedev A, Suslova E, Runina K, Khomyakov A, Zykova M, Petrova O, Avetisov R, Shepel D, Astafiev A, Menshutina N, Avetissov I. New efficient lighting device. Part 1. hybrid materials based on inorganic aerogel and metal-organic phosphor. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Shandurkov D, Ignatov P, Spassova I, Gutzov S. Spectral and Texture Properties of Hydrophobic Aerogel Powders Obtained from Room Temperature Drying. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061796. [PMID: 33806761 PMCID: PMC8004964 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Attenuated Total Reflectance Infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy and texture measurements based on nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms are combined to characterize silica aerogel granules with different degrees of hydrophobicity. The aerogels were prepared from tetraethoxysilane via a room temperature hydrolysis-gelation process, solvent exchange, hydrophobization, and drying at subcritical conditions. The dependencies between the texture properties, pore architectures, surface fractal dimensions, and degree of hydrophobicity of the samples are extracted from the ATR-IR spectra and the adsorption-desorption isotherms. The IR absorption in the region of the Si-O-Si and Si-OH vibrations is used for a description of the structural and chemical changes in aerogel powders connected with their surface hydrophobization. The Frenkel–Halsey–Hill (FHH) theory is applied to determine the surface fractal dimension of the powder species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar Shandurkov
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Sofia St. Kliment Ohridski, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.S.); (P.I.)
| | - Petar Ignatov
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Sofia St. Kliment Ohridski, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.S.); (P.I.)
| | - Ivanka Spassova
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Stoyan Gutzov
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Sofia St. Kliment Ohridski, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.S.); (P.I.)
- Correspondence:
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Pogue BW, Zhang R, Cao X, Jia JM, Petusseau A, Bruza P, Vinogradov SA. Review of in vivo optical molecular imaging and sensing from x-ray excitation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-200308VR. [PMID: 33386709 PMCID: PMC7778455 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.1.010902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Deep-tissue penetration by x-rays to induce optical responses of specific molecular reporters is a new way to sense and image features of tissue function in vivo. Advances in this field are emerging, as biocompatible probes are invented along with innovations in how to optimally utilize x-ray sources. AIM A comprehensive review is provided of the many tools and techniques developed for x-ray-induced optical molecular sensing, covering topics ranging from foundations of x-ray fluorescence imaging and x-ray tomography to the adaptation of these methods for sensing and imaging in vivo. APPROACH The ways in which x-rays can interact with molecules and lead to their optical luminescence are reviewed, including temporal methods based on gated acquisition and multipoint scanning for improved lateral or axial resolution. RESULTS While some known probes can generate light upon x-ray scintillation, there has been an emergent recognition that excitation of molecular probes by x-ray-induced Cherenkov light is also possible. Emission of Cherenkov radiation requires a threshold energy of x-rays in the high kV or MV range, but has the advantage of being able to excite a broad range of optical molecular probes. In comparison, most scintillating agents are more readily activated by lower keV x-ray energies but are composed of crystalline inorganic constituents, although some organic biocompatible agents have been designed as well. Methods to create high-resolution structured x-ray-optical images are now available, based upon unique scanning approaches and/or a priori knowledge of the scanned x-ray beam geometry. Further improvements in spatial resolution can be achieved by careful system design and algorithm optimization. Current applications of these hybrid x-ray-optical approaches include imaging of tissue oxygenation and pH as well as of certain fluorescent proteins. CONCLUSIONS Discovery of x-ray-excited reporters combined with optimized x-ray scan sequences can improve imaging resolution and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W. Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Rongxiao Zhang
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Xu Cao
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Jeremy Mengyu Jia
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Palo Alto, California, United States
| | - Arthur Petusseau
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Petr Bruza
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Sergei A. Vinogradov
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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Sala MR, Skalli O, Leventis N, Sabri F. Nerve Response to Superelastic Shape Memory Polyurethane Aerogels. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2995. [PMID: 33334083 PMCID: PMC7765513 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown the suitability of aerogels as scaffolds for neuronal cells. Here, we report on the use of superelastic shape memory polyurethane aerogels (SSMPA). SSMPA have a distinctly different stiffness than previously reported aerogels. The soft and deformable nature of SSMPA allowed for radial compression of the aerogel induced by a custom designed apparatus. This radial compression changed the pore diameter and surface roughness (Sa) of SSMPA, while maintaining similar stiffness. Two varieties of SSMPA were used, Mix-14 and Mix-18, with distinctly different pore diameters and Sa. Radial compression led to a decreased pore diameter, which, in turn, decreased the Sa. The use of custom designed apparatus and two types of SSMPA allowed us to examine the influence of stiffness, pore size, and Sa on the extension of processes (neurites) by PC12 neuronal cells. PC12 cells plated on SSMPA with a higher degree of radial compression extended fewer neurites per cell when compared to other groups. However, the average length of the neurites was significantly longer when compared to the unrestricted group and to those extended by cells plated on SSMPA with less radial compression. These results demonstrate that SSMPA with 1.9 µm pore diameter, 1.17 µm Sa, and 203 kPa stiffness provides the optimum combination of physical parameters for nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rodriguez Sala
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Omar Skalli
- Department of Biological Science, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA;
| | - Nicholas Leventis
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA;
| | - Firouzeh Sabri
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
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Growing Neural PC-12 Cell on Crosslinked Silica Aerogels Increases Neurite Extension in the Presence of an Electric Field. J Funct Biomater 2018; 9:jfb9020030. [PMID: 29677113 PMCID: PMC6023435 DOI: 10.3390/jfb9020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Externally applied electrical stimulation (ES) has been shown to enhance the nerve regeneration process and to influence the directionality of neurite outgrowth. In addition, the physical and chemical properties of the substrate used for nerve-cell regeneration is critical in fostering regeneration. Previously, we have shown that polyurea-crosslinked silica aerogels (PCSA) exert a positive influence on the extension of neurites by PC-12 cells, a cell-line model widely used to study neurite extension and electrical excitability. In this work, we have examined how an externally applied electric field (EF) influences the extension of neurites in PC-12 cells grown on two substrates: collagen-coated dishes versus collagen-coated crosslinked silica aerogels. The externally applied direct current (DC) bias was applied in vitro using a custom-designed chamber containing polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) embedded copper electrodes to create an electric field across the substrate for the cultured PC-12 cells. Results suggest orientation preference towards the anode, and, on average, longer neurites in the presence of the applied DC bias than with 0 V DC bias. In addition, neurite length was increased in cells grown on silica-crosslinked aerogel when compared to cells grown on regular petri-dishes. These results further support the notion that PCSA is a promising material for nerve regeneration.
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Walters BM, León RV, Jahan MS, Sabri F. ESR Detection of X-Ray-Induced Free Radicals in Crosslinked Silica Aerogels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1557/adv.2017.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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