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Alipour M, Jafari H, Malekie S, Mosayebi A. Dosimetry characteristics of Epoxy/MWCNT nanocomposite in the field of gamma-rays: Effect of thickness. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 200:110982. [PMID: 37597269 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-carbon nanostructures have been used as gamma-ray dosimeters. The thickness of the sensitive volume material plays an important role in the determination of the dosimetry response. In this work, the thickness effect of a real-time dosimeter based on the Epoxy/Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposite was investigated. The amount of electrical percolation threshold (EPT) for Epoxy/MWCNT nanocomposite was initially simulated using the finite element method. Then, the 0.1 MWCNT wt% nanocomposite was fabricated using a solution method with three thicknesses of 1, 2, and 3 mm. FESEM images demonstrated a good dispersion state of the inclusions into the Epoxy matrix. The samples were irradiated by gamma-rays of Co-60 source over the dose rates of 25-166 mGy/min. In addition, dosimetric characteristics were performed, including linearity, bias-polarity, angular dependence, energy dependence, field size, and repeatability. Results revealed that with increasing the thickness, the dosimetry response was enhanced remarkably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Alipour
- Department of Radiation Application, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Jafari
- Department of Radiation Application, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahryar Malekie
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box 31485-498, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Armin Mosayebi
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box 31485-498, Karaj, Iran
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Alipour M, Jafari H, Malekie S, Mosayebi A. Dosimetry characteristics of Epoxy/MWCNT nanocomposite in the field of gamma-rays: Effect of thickness. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 200:110982. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
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3
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Suman G, Pulikkathara M, Wilkins R, Treadwell LJ. Ionizing Radiation Sensing with Functionalized and Copper-Coated SWCNT/PMMA Thin Film Nanocomposites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2653. [PMID: 37836294 PMCID: PMC10574655 DOI: 10.3390/nano13192653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper studies the ionizing radiation effects on functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) thin-film nanocomposites [SWNT/PMMA]. The functionalized thin-film devices are made of ferrocene-doped SWCNTs, SWCNTs functionalized with carboxylic acid (COOH), and SWCNTs coated/ modified with copper. The nanocomposite was synthesized by the solution blending method and the resulting nanocomposite was spin-cast on interdigitated electrodes (IDEs). A 160 kV X-ray source was used to irradiate the thin film and changes in the electrical resistance of the nanocomposites due to X-rays were measured using a semiconductor device analyzer. Carboxylic acid functionalized and copper-coated SWCNT/PMMA nanocomposite showed a reduced response to X-rays compared to unfunctionalized SWCNT/PMMA nanocomposite. Ferrocene-doped SWCNT showed a higher sensitivity to X-rays at lower dose rates. This is in contrast to a previous study that showed that similar nanocomposites using functionalized multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) had demonstrated an improved response to X-rays ionizing radiation compared to unfunctionalized MWCNTs for all dose rates. Electrical measurements were also performed using the Arduino Nano microcontroller. The result showed that a relatively economical, lightweight-designed prototype radiation sensor based on SWCNT/PMMA thin-film devices could be produced by interfacing the devices with a modest microcontroller. This work also shows that by encapsulating the SWCNT/PMMA thin-film device in a plastic container, the effect of ambient humidity can be reduced and the device can still be used to detect X-ray radiation. This study further shows that the sensitivity of SWCNT to X-rays was dependent on both the functionalization of the SWCNT and the dose rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guddi Suman
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA;
| | - Merlyn Pulikkathara
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA;
| | - Richard Wilkins
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA;
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Hosseini Aghdam SR, Aghamiri SMR, Malekie S, Mosayebi A. Evaluating the linearity response for a PVA/MWCNT-OH nanocomposite dosimeter in photon beam of linear accelerator. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2023; 210:111044. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2023.111044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
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5
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Hosseini Aghdam SR, Aghamiri SMR, Malekie S, Mosayebi A. Evaluating the linearity response for a PVA/MWCNT-OH nanocomposite dosimeter in photon beam of linear accelerator. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2023; 210:111044. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2023.111044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
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Aboelezz E, Pogue BW. Review of nanomaterial advances for ionizing radiation dosimetry. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 10:021312. [PMID: 37304732 PMCID: PMC10249220 DOI: 10.1063/5.0134982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There are a wide range of applications with ionizing radiation and a common theme throughout these is that accurate dosimetry is usually required, although many newer demands are provided by improved features in higher range, multi-spectral and particle type detected. Today, the array of dosimeters includes both offline and online tools, such as gel dosimeters, thermoluminescence (TL), scintillators, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), radiochromic polymeric films, gels, ionization chambers, colorimetry, and electron spin resonance (ESR) measurement systems. Several future nanocomposite features and interpretation of their substantial behaviors are discussed that can lead to improvements in specific features, such as (1) lower sensitivity range, (2) less saturation at high range, (3) overall increased dynamic range, (4) superior linearity, (5) linear energy transfer and energy independence, (6) lower cost, (7) higher ease of use, and (8) improved tissue equivalence. Nanophase versions of TL and ESR dosimeters and scintillators each have potential for higher range of linearity, sometimes due to superior charge transfer to the trapping center. Both OSL and ESR detection of nanomaterials can have increased dose sensitivity because of their higher readout sensitivity with nanoscale sensing. New nanocrystalline scintillators, such as perovskite, have fundamentally important advantages in sensitivity and purposeful design for key new applications. Nanoparticle plasmon coupled sensors doped within a lower Zeff material have been an effective way to achieve enhanced sensitivity of many dosimetry systems while still achieving tissue equivalency. These nanomaterial processing techniques and unique combinations of them are key steps that lead to the advanced features. Each must be realized through industrial production and quality control with packaging into dosimetry systems that maximize stability and reproducibility. Ultimately, recommendations for future work in this field of radiation dosimetry were summarized throughout the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam Aboelezz
- Ionizing Radiation Metrology Department, National Institute of Standards, Giza, Egypt
| | - Brian W. Pogue
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53705, USA
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Hosseini Aghdam SR, Aghamiri SMR, Malekie S, Mosayebi A. Performance characteristics of a parallel plate dosimeter based on PVA/MWCNT-OH nanocomposite for photon beam radiation. MEASUREMENT 2023; 207:112419. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2022.112419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
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Hosseini Aghdam SR, Aghamiri SMR, Malekie S, Mosayebi A. Performance characteristics of a parallel plate dosimeter based on PVA/MWCNT-OH nanocomposite for photon beam radiation. MEASUREMENT 2023; 207:112419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2022.112419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
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Hosseini MA, Zare H, Malekie S. Raman spectroscopy of electron irradiated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube for dosimetry purposes. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Hosseini MA, Zare H, Malekie S. Raman spectroscopy of electron irradiated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube for dosimetry purposes. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2023; 202:110535. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
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Veiskarami A, Sardari D, Malekie S, Mofrad FB, Kashian S. Computational prediction of electrical percolation threshold in polymer/graphene-based nanocomposites with finite element method. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2022; 42:936-945. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2022-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In this research work, a two-dimensional model to predict the electrical percolation threshold (EPT) of the polymer/graphene-based nanocomposites in different concentrations of the randomly dispersed inclusions in various polymer matrices is introduced using the finite element method (FEM). The predicted EPT values were validated by other experimental results for different nanocomposites. Results showed that the electrical conductivity of different nanocomposites is significantly related to the percentage weight of the reinforcing phase in the polymer matrix. Furthermore, the addition of graphene-based nano-fillers in the polymer matrix caused a decrease in the tunneling distance in nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Veiskarami
- Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Science and Research Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Dariush Sardari
- Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Science and Research Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Shahryar Malekie
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute , P.O. Box 31485-498 , Karaj , Iran
| | - Farshid Babapour Mofrad
- Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Science and Research Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Sedigheh Kashian
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute , P.O. Box 31485-498 , Karaj , Iran
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Veiskarami A, Sardari D, Malekie S, Mofrad FB, Kashian S. Computational prediction of electrical percolation threshold in polymer/graphene-based nanocomposites with finite element method. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2022; 42:936-945. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2022-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In this research work, a two-dimensional model to predict the electrical percolation threshold (EPT) of the polymer/graphene-based nanocomposites in different concentrations of the randomly dispersed inclusions in various polymer matrices is introduced using the finite element method (FEM). The predicted EPT values were validated by other experimental results for different nanocomposites. Results showed that the electrical conductivity of different nanocomposites is significantly related to the percentage weight of the reinforcing phase in the polymer matrix. Furthermore, the addition of graphene-based nano-fillers in the polymer matrix caused a decrease in the tunneling distance in nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Veiskarami
- Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Science and Research Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Dariush Sardari
- Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Science and Research Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Shahryar Malekie
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute , P.O. Box 31485-498 , Karaj , Iran
| | - Farshid Babapour Mofrad
- Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Science and Research Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Sedigheh Kashian
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute , P.O. Box 31485-498 , Karaj , Iran
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Veiskarami A, Sardari D, Malekie S, Mofrad FB, Kashian S. Evaluation of dosimetric characteristics of a ternary nanocomposite based on High Density Polyethylene/Bismuth Oxide/Graphene Oxide for gamma-rays. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18798. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-23605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis research aims to investigate a ternary nanocomposite based on High Density Polyethylene/ Bismuth Oxide/Graphene Oxide (HDPE/Bi2O3/GO) at various concentrations. Solution method was used to fabricate the samples. FESEM-EDX mapping, AFM, TEM, XRD, XPS, FTIR, and TGA/DTG analyses were carried out on the samples. XRD analysis demonstrated a semi-crystalline behavior for the samples. TEM analysis exhibited a cauliflower-like structure of the material. The sample was irradiated by gamma-rays of 60Co source over the dose rate of 30–254 mGy/min and the electric current was measured as the response of the real-time dosimeter. Thus, various dosimetric characteristics were performed, namely linearity, angular dependence, energy dependence, bias-polarity, field size, and repeatability of the data. Results showed that response of the dosimeter was linear in the range of the investigated dose rate. The sensitivity of the 60 wt% Bi2O3 sample was measured as 3.4 nC·mGy−1. The angular response variation was 20% for normal beam incidence. The response of the dosimeter to assess the energy dependency was obtained as 2.2% at the radiation field of the 137Cs and 60Co beams. The dosimeter response was dependent on the bias-polarity, with maximum discrepancy of 11.1%. The dosimetry response was highly dependent upon the radiation field size. The repeatability of the dosimeter response was measured with standard deviation less than 1%. As well, the dosimeter response during the one-hour irradiation was stable with a standard deviation of 0.66%. Results showed that considering some correction factors, this material can be used for dosimetry of gamma-rays at the therapy level.
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Evaluation of dosimetric characteristics of a ternary nanocomposite based on High Density Polyethylene/Bismuth Oxide/Graphene Oxide for gamma-rays. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18798. [PMID: 36335163 PMCID: PMC9637186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aims to investigate a ternary nanocomposite based on High Density Polyethylene/ Bismuth Oxide/Graphene Oxide (HDPE/Bi2O3/GO) at various concentrations. Solution method was used to fabricate the samples. FESEM-EDX mapping, AFM, TEM, XRD, XPS, FTIR, and TGA/DTG analyses were carried out on the samples. XRD analysis demonstrated a semi-crystalline behavior for the samples. TEM analysis exhibited a cauliflower-like structure of the material. The sample was irradiated by gamma-rays of 60Co source over the dose rate of 30-254 mGy/min and the electric current was measured as the response of the real-time dosimeter. Thus, various dosimetric characteristics were performed, namely linearity, angular dependence, energy dependence, bias-polarity, field size, and repeatability of the data. Results showed that response of the dosimeter was linear in the range of the investigated dose rate. The sensitivity of the 60 wt% Bi2O3 sample was measured as 3.4 nC·mGy-1. The angular response variation was 20% for normal beam incidence. The response of the dosimeter to assess the energy dependency was obtained as 2.2% at the radiation field of the 137Cs and 60Co beams. The dosimeter response was dependent on the bias-polarity, with maximum discrepancy of 11.1%. The dosimetry response was highly dependent upon the radiation field size. The repeatability of the dosimeter response was measured with standard deviation less than 1%. As well, the dosimeter response during the one-hour irradiation was stable with a standard deviation of 0.66%. Results showed that considering some correction factors, this material can be used for dosimetry of gamma-rays at the therapy level.
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Assessment of new composites containing polyamide-6 and lead monoxide as shields against ionizing photonic radiation based on computational and experimental methods. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9259. [PMID: 35665776 PMCID: PMC9166717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to introduce new composites, containing polyamide-6 (PA6) and lead monoxide (PbO), to protect against ionizing photon sources used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Five composites, containing various weight percentages of PbO filler (0, 5, 10, 20, and 50%), were developed in this study. Initially, the numerical attenuation value was estimated using the XMuDat program by calculating the mass attenuation coefficients at different energy levels. Next, the samples were synthesized based on the melt-mixing method in a laboratory mixing extruder. Their characteristics were also determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Finally, experimental radiation attenuation tests were carried out. Based on the SEM results, the acceptable filler weight percentage was up to 20%. However, substantial aggregates were formed at the highest weight percentage. The results of XRD analysis showed a higher tendency for crystallization by decreasing the amorphous area while increasing the filler weight percentage. Moreover, the mass loss rate was monitored at different temperatures, revealing that the filler incorporation improved the thermal durability of the samples. The radiation results showed a good agreement between the experimental and computational data, except when aggregates formation was substantial. The experimental data revealed that when the lead weight percentage increased from 0% (crude PA6) to 50%, the half-value layer decreased from 3.13 to 0.17 cm at an energy level of 59 keV and from 7.28 to 4.97 cm at an energy level of 662 keV. Following the studied mechanism, the superiority of lead/polyamide composites can be found in the high adsorption of photon radiation at low energies (E < 0.20 MeV) and significant attenuation at medium and higher energies. Considering these promising results, the shielding properties of these composites can be further analyzed via more practical investigations.
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Malekie S, Shooli H, Hosseini MA. Assessment of new composites containing polyamide-6 and lead monoxide as shields against ionizing photonic radiation based on computational and experimental methods. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9259. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis study aimed to introduce new composites, containing polyamide-6 (PA6) and lead monoxide (PbO), to protect against ionizing photon sources used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Five composites, containing various weight percentages of PbO filler (0, 5, 10, 20, and 50%), were developed in this study. Initially, the numerical attenuation value was estimated using the XMuDat program by calculating the mass attenuation coefficients at different energy levels. Next, the samples were synthesized based on the melt-mixing method in a laboratory mixing extruder. Their characteristics were also determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Finally, experimental radiation attenuation tests were carried out. Based on the SEM results, the acceptable filler weight percentage was up to 20%. However, substantial aggregates were formed at the highest weight percentage. The results of XRD analysis showed a higher tendency for crystallization by decreasing the amorphous area while increasing the filler weight percentage. Moreover, the mass loss rate was monitored at different temperatures, revealing that the filler incorporation improved the thermal durability of the samples. The radiation results showed a good agreement between the experimental and computational data, except when aggregates formation was substantial. The experimental data revealed that when the lead weight percentage increased from 0% (crude PA6) to 50%, the half-value layer decreased from 3.13 to 0.17 cm at an energy level of 59 keV and from 7.28 to 4.97 cm at an energy level of 662 keV. Following the studied mechanism, the superiority of lead/polyamide composites can be found in the high adsorption of photon radiation at low energies (E < 0.20 MeV) and significant attenuation at medium and higher energies. Considering these promising results, the shielding properties of these composites can be further analyzed via more practical investigations.
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Hosseini MA, Malekie S, Kazemi F. Experimental evaluation of gamma radiation shielding characteristics of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Tungsten oxide composite: A comparison study of micro and nano sizes of the fillers. NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A: ACCELERATORS, SPECTROMETERS, DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT 2022; 1026:166214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2021.166214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
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Hosseini MA, Malekie S, Kazemi F. Experimental evaluation of gamma radiation shielding characteristics of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Tungsten oxide composite: A comparison study of micro and nano sizes of the fillers. NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A: ACCELERATORS, SPECTROMETERS, DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT 2022; 1026:166214. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2021.166214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
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Safdari SM, Malekie S, Kashian S, Akbari M. Introducing a novel beta-ray sensor based on polycarbonate/bismuth oxide nanocomposite. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2496. [PMID: 35169247 PMCID: PMC8847460 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06544-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, for the first time, the polycarbonate/bismuth oxide (PC-Bi2O3) composite was studied as a beta-ray sensor using a pure beta-emitter 90Sr source. Firstly, the range and stopping power of the electrons in the composite at various loadings of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt% were calculated using the ESTAR program. Results of simulation demonstrated that the concentration of the heavy metal oxide particles into the polymer matrix played an important role in evaluating the range and stopping power of the electrons in the composite. Secondly, at the experimental phase, the pure Polycarbonate and 50 wt% PC-Bi2O3 nanocomposite with dimensions of 4 × 4 × 0.1 cm3 were prepared and irradiated by 90Sr. Also, current-voltage (I-V) plot exhibited linear response ranging from 100 to 1000 V at the fixed source-to-surface distance (SSD). Then the amount of electric current as the sensor response was measured in various dose rates at the fixed voltage of 400 V for the pure Polycarbonate and 50 wt% PC-Bi2O3 nanocomposite using an electrometer, in which results showed that the sensitivities were found as 20.3, and 33.3 nC mSv-1 cm-3, respectively. This study showed that this composite could serve as a novel beta-ray sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Musa Safdari
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahryar Malekie
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box 31485-498, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Sedigheh Kashian
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box 31485-498, Karaj, Iran
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Safdari SM, Malekie S, Kashian S, Akbari M. Introducing a novel beta-ray sensor based on polycarbonate/bismuth oxide nanocomposite. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2496. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-06544-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn this research, for the first time, the polycarbonate/bismuth oxide (PC–Bi2O3) composite was studied as a beta-ray sensor using a pure beta-emitter 90Sr source. Firstly, the range and stopping power of the electrons in the composite at various loadings of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt% were calculated using the ESTAR program. Results of simulation demonstrated that the concentration of the heavy metal oxide particles into the polymer matrix played an important role in evaluating the range and stopping power of the electrons in the composite. Secondly, at the experimental phase, the pure Polycarbonate and 50 wt% PC–Bi2O3 nanocomposite with dimensions of 4 × 4 × 0.1 cm3 were prepared and irradiated by 90Sr. Also, current–voltage (I–V) plot exhibited linear response ranging from 100 to 1000 V at the fixed source‐to‐surface distance (SSD). Then the amount of electric current as the sensor response was measured in various dose rates at the fixed voltage of 400 V for the pure Polycarbonate and 50 wt% PC–Bi2O3 nanocomposite using an electrometer, in which results showed that the sensitivities were found as 20.3, and 33.3 nC mSv−1 cm−3, respectively. This study showed that this composite could serve as a novel beta-ray sensor.
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Ebrahimi N, Hosseini MA, Malekie S. Preliminary study of linearity response of γ-irradiated graphene oxide as a novel dosimeter using the Raman spectroscopy. BULLETIN OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 2020; 43:233. [DOI: 10.1007/s12034-020-02177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
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Hosseini MA, Malekie S, Ebrahimi N. The analysis of linear dose-responses in gamma-irradiated graphene oxide: Can FTIR analysis be considered a novel approach to examining the linear dose-responses in carbon nanostructures? Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rahimi A, Ziaie F, Sheikh N, Malekie S. Calorimetry System Based on Polystyrene/MWCNT Nanocomposite for Electron Beam Dosimetry: A New Approach. NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN RUSSIA 2020; 15:175-181. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995078020020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
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