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Mardfar S, Ghaziyani MF, Mortezazadeh T, Zamani H, Rahimiyan M, Khezerloo D. Radiation doses and diagnostic reference levels for common CT scans in adults in Northwest region of Iran. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2024:10.1007/s00411-024-01074-3. [PMID: 38839606 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-024-01074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to estimate organ dose and cancer risks, establish region-specific diagnostic reference levels (DRLs), and determine achievable doses (ADs) for common CT procedures in adults in the northwest of Iran. Effective and organ doses were estimated using VirtualDoseCT software in a sample of 480 adult patients who underwent head, sinus, chest, and abdomen-pelvis (AP) CT scans. The guidelines provided by the BEIR VII report were utilized to estimate cancer risks. Effective and organ doses for specific procedures were determined, with the highest mean organ dose being observed in the brain during head CT examinations, with a value of 54.02 mGy. It was observed that the lungs in chest examinations and the colon in AP examinations had the highest risk of cancer, with rates of 30.72 and 21.37 per 100,000 persons, respectively. Higher cancer risk values were generally exhibited by females compared to males. The DRLs for common CT examinations were established as follows: Head CT (CTDIvol 41 mGy, DLP 760 mGy cm), Sinus CT (CTDIvol 16 mGy, DLP 261 mGy cm), Chest CT (CTDIvol 8 mGy, DLP 287 mGy cm), and AP CT (CTDIvol 9 mGy, DLP 508 mGy cm). Significant variations in dose distribution among facilities were identified, indicating the need for optimization. The study highlights the importance of minimizing radiation exposure to critical organs and promoting patient safety in CT examinations. The establishment of region-specific DRLs and ADs can help optimize radiation doses and reduce cancer risks for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Mardfar
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mona Fazel Ghaziyani
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Mortezazadeh
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Zamani
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Melika Rahimiyan
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davood Khezerloo
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
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Muhamad L, A Karim M, Chew M, Kechik M, Shah N, Ibahim M, Saeed I. Atmospheric dispersion and dose assessment of 137Cs and 131I from hypothetical incidents of nuclear power plant in Southeast Asia. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2023.110941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Sulieman A, Tamam N, Elnour A, Alkhorayef M, Babikir E, Al-Mohammed H, Abuhadi N, Khandaker MU, A.Bradley D. Effective radiation dose and radiogenic cancer risk during contrast enhanced abdominal computed tomography examinations. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Muhammad N, Karim M, Harun H, Rahman M, Azlan R, Sumardi N. The impact of tube current and iterative reconstruction algorithm on dose and image quality of infant CT head examination. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Karim M, Harun H, Kayun Z, Aljewaw O, Azizan S, Rafiz N, Muhammad N. Paediatric radiation dose and cancer risk associated with body effective diameter during CT thorax examination. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Evaluation of Organ Dose and Image Quality Metrics of Pediatric CT Chest-Abdomen-Pelvis (CAP) Examination: An Anthropomorphic Phantom Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11052047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of CT acquisition parameter setting on organ dose and its influence on image quality metrics in pediatric phantom during CT examination. The study was performed on 64-slice multidetector CT scanner (MDCT) Siemens Definition AS (Siemens Sector Healthcare, Forchheim, Germany) using various CT CAP protocols (P1–P9). Tube potential for P1, P2, and P3 protocols were fixed at 100 kVp while P4, P5, and P6 were fixed at 80 kVp with used of various reference noise values. P7, P8, and P9 were the modification of P1 with changes on slice collimation, pitch factor, and tube current modulation (TCM), respectively. TLD-100 chips were inserted into the phantom slab number 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, and 14 to represent thyroid, lung, liver, stomach, gonads, and skin, respectively. The image quality metrics, signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR) values were obtained from the CT console. As a result, this study indicates a potential reduction in the absorbed dose up to 20% to 50% along with reducing tube voltage, tube current, and increasing the slice collimation. There is no significant difference (p > 0.05) observed between the protocols and image metrics.
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Muhammad N, Sabarudin A, Ismail N, Karim M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of radiation dose exposure from computed tomography examination of thorax-abdomen-pelvic regions among paediatric population. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Association of Radiation Doses and Cancer Risks from CT Pulmonary Angiography Examinations in Relation to Body Diameter. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10090681. [PMID: 32917029 PMCID: PMC7554806 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10090681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to estimate the probability of cancer risk induced by CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) examinations concerning effective body diameter. One hundred patients who underwent CTPA examinations were recruited as subjects from a single institution in Kuala Lumpur. Subjects were categorized based on their effective diameter size, where 19–25, 25–28, and >28 cm categorized as Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The mean value of the body diameter of the subjects was 26.82 ± 3.12 cm, with no significant differences found between male and female subjects. The risk of cancer in breast, lung, and liver organs was 0.009%, 0.007%, and 0.005% respectively. The volume-weighted CT dose index (CTDIvol) was underestimated, whereas the size-specific dose estimates (SSDEs) provided a more accurate description of the radiation dose and the risk of cancer. CTPA examinations are considered safe but it is essential to implement a protocol optimized following the As Low as Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) principle.
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Muhammad NA, Abdul Karim MK, Abu Hassan H, Ahmad Kamarudin M, Ding Wong JH, Ng KH. Diagnostic Reference Level of Radiation Dose and Image Quality among Paediatric CT Examinations in A Tertiary Hospital in Malaysia. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E591. [PMID: 32823818 PMCID: PMC7460376 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10080591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatrics are more vulnerable to radiation and are prone to dose compared to adults, requiring more attention to computed tomography (CT) optimization. Hence, diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) have been implemented as part of optimization process in order to monitor CT dose and diagnostic quality. The noise index has recently been endorsed to be included as a part of CT optimization in the DRLs report. In this study, we have therefore set local DRLs for pediatric CT examination with a noise index as an indicator of image quality. One thousand one hundred and ninety-two (1192) paediatric patients undergoing CT brain, CT thorax and CT chest-abdomen-pelvis (CAP) examinations were analyzed retrospectively and categorized into four age groups; group 1 (0-1 year), group 2 (1-5 years), group 3 (5-10 years) and group 4 (10-15 years). For each group, data such as the volume-weighted CT dose index (CTDIvol), dose-length product (DLP) and the effective dose (E) were calculated and DRLs for each age group set at 50th percentile were determined. Both CT dose and image noise values between age groups have differed significantly with p-value < 0.05. The highest CTDIvol and DLP values in all age groups with the lowest noise index value reported in the 10-15 age group were found in CT brain examination. In conclusion, there was a significant variation in doses and noise intensity among children of different ages, and the need to change specific parameters to fit the clinical requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Azura Muhammad
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.M.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Muhammad Khalis Abdul Karim
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.M.); (M.A.K.)
- Centre of Diagnostic Nuclear Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hasyma Abu Hassan
- Department of Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mazliana Ahmad Kamarudin
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.M.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Jeannie Hsiu Ding Wong
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, University Malaya Medical Centre, Petaling Jaya 59100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (J.H.D.W.); (K.H.N.)
| | - Kwan Hoong Ng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, University Malaya Medical Centre, Petaling Jaya 59100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (J.H.D.W.); (K.H.N.)
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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