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Qin D, Han Y, Jiang H, Hu L. A rhodamine coumarin-derived fluorescence probe that selectively detects Fe 3+ and measures radiation doses. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:403-410. [PMID: 38164930 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01875j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
We synthesized a fluorescence ratiometric probe by combining coumarin and rhodamine B with ethylenediamine to sense Fe3+ and measure ionizing radiation doses. The presence of Fe3+ caused rhodamine to transition from a closed helical structure to an open-ring structure. Additionally, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) occurred between coumarin and rhodamine B. As a result, the fluorescence intensity at 405 nm (I405) due to coumarin was decreased, whereas that at 585 nm (I585) derived from open-ring structure rhodamine B was increased. The ratio of I585 and I405 (I585/I405) linearly increased as the Fe3+ concentration increased. The probe sensed Fe3+ in a 0-110 μM range, with a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.226 μM. Inspired by Fricke dosimeters, we extended the probe to measure X-ray doses using the fluorescence methodology. The probe measured X-ray doses in a 0-30 Gy range with a lower LOD of 0.5 Gy. Additionally, the dosing capability was independent of the dosing rates. Our probe showed potential for detecting Fe3+ and measuring ionizing radiation doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yaqi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Hao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Material Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Abtahi SMM, Bahrami F, Sardari D. An investigation into the dose rate and photon energy dependence of the GENA gel dosimeter in the MeV range. Phys Med 2023; 106:102522. [PMID: 36603480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2022.102522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In the current study, the energy and dose rate dependence of a new genipin-based gel dosimeter, named GENA gel dosimeter, were investigated. METHODS Prepared gel dosimeters exposed using a Varian clinical linac. Beam qualities of 6 and 18 MV were applied to investigate the GENA gel dosimeter's energy dependence. Furthermore, the gel dosimeters were exposed to 50, 100, 200, and 350 cGy/min dose rates, ranging from 0 to 8 Gy. The irradiated gel dosimeters were read out using a double beam UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The absorbance peak (AP) and area under spectrum (AUS) were evaluated. RESULTS Absorbance-dose sensitivities of (8.0 ± 0.18) × 10-3 cm-1Gy-1 and (7.8 ± 0.15) × 10-3 cm-1Gy-1 were obtained for GENA gel dosimeter for 6 and 18 MV beam qualities, respectively. Results specified no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the GENA gel dosimeter's sensitivities irradiated using the two energies mentioned above. For the mentioned dose rates, AP-dose sensitivities of (8.2 ± 0.22) × 10-3, (8.1 ± 0.21) × 10-3, (8.1 ± 0.2) × 10-3 and (8.0 ± 0.18) × 10-3 cm-1Gy-1 were obtained, respectively. Results showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the GENA gel dosimeter's sensitivities for the investigated dose rates and energies. In addition, results revealed that when the incident photon energy and dose rate changed, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the GENA gel dosimeter's dose resolution values. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that the response of the GENA gel dosimeter is not dependent on the energy and dose rate (p > 0.05) within the studied energy and dose rate ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farbod Bahrami
- Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Dariush Sardari
- Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Wang K, Zhang W, Qi Y, Hu X, Zhang X, Chang S, Zhang H. Radiation‐sensitive nanogel‐incorporated Fricke hydrogel dosimeters with reduced diffusion rates. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Wang
- College of Materials Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
| | - Yameng Qi
- College of Materials Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
| | - Xiaodan Hu
- College of Materials Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
| | - Shuquan Chang
- College of Materials Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
| | - Haiqian Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices Southeast University Nanjing China
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Rabaeh KA, Al-Zawaydaih HH, Eyadeh MM, Shatnawi MT. High optical stability of reusable radiochromic polyvinyl alcohol-iodine gel dosimeter for radiotherapy. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhang P, Jiang L, Chen H, Hu L. Recent Advances in Hydrogel-Based Sensors Responding to Ionizing Radiation. Gels 2022; 8:gels8040238. [PMID: 35448139 PMCID: PMC9024575 DOI: 10.3390/gels8040238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation and its applications are widely spread throughout life. Similar to many other things, both the positive and negative aspects of ionizing radiation should always be kept in mind. For example, a proper radiation dose can be delivered to tumor tissue to kill malignant cells in radiotherapy. On the other hand, exceeding this dose can damage the normal tissues of a human organism. Therefore, the application of sensors for measuring ionizing radiation doses is of utmost importance in many fields, especially in cancer therapy. Traditional dosimeters, such as ionization chambers, silicon diodes and thermoluminescence dosimeters, are widely used. However, they have limitations in certain aspects. Hydrogel-based sensors (or dosimeters) for measuring ionizing radiation doses attract extensive attention for decades due to their equivalence to living tissue and biocompatibility. In this review, we catalog hydrogel-based dosimeters such as polymer, Fricke, radio-chromic, radio-fluorescence and NPs-embedded dosimeters. Most of them demonstrate desirable linear response and sensitivity regardless of energy and dose rate of ionizing radiation. We aim to review these dosimeters and their potential applications in radiotherapy as well as to stimulate a joint work of the experts from different fields such as materials science, chemistry, cancer therapy, radiobiology and nuclear science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (P.Z.); (H.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;
| | - Li Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (P.Z.); (H.C.)
| | - Liang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;
- Correspondence:
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How Xylenol Orange and Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate Influence the Dosimetric Properties of PVA–GTA Fricke Gel Dosimeters: A Spectrophotometric Study. Gels 2022; 8:gels8040204. [PMID: 35448105 PMCID: PMC9025870 DOI: 10.3390/gels8040204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of Fricke gel (FG) dosimeters based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as the gelling agent and glutaraldehyde (GTA) as the cross-linker has enabled significant improvements in the dose response and the stability over time of spatial radiation dose distributions. However, a standard procedure for preparing FG in terms of reagent concentrations is still missing in the literature. This study aims to investigate, by means of spectrophotometric analyses, how the sensitivity to the radiation dose and the range of linearity of the dose–response curve of PVA-GTA-FG dosimeters loaded with xylenol orange sodium salt (XO) are influenced by ferrous ammonium sulphate (FAS) and XO concentrations. Moreover, the effect of different concentrations of such compounds on self-oxidation phenomena in the dosimeters was evaluated. PVA-GTA-FG dosimeters were prepared using XO concentrations in the range 0.04–0.80 mM and FAS in the range 0.05–5.00 mM. The optical absorbance properties and the dose response of FG were investigated in the interval 0.0–42.0 Gy. The results demonstrate that the amount of FAS and XO determines both the sensitivity to the absorbed dose and the interval of linearity of the dose–response curve. The study suggests that the best performances of FG dosimeters for spectrophotometric analyses can be obtained using 1.00–0.40 mM and 0.200–0.166 mM concentrations of FAS and XO, respectively.
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Pérez P, Torres PR, Bruna A, Brunetto M, Aon E, Franco D, Mattea F, Figueroa R, Santibáñez M, Valente M. Fricke gel xylenol orange dosimeter layers for stereotactic radiosurgery: A preliminary approach. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 178:109936. [PMID: 34592691 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Investigations regarding the feasibility, reliability, and accuracy of Fricke gel dosimeter layers for stereotactic radiosurgery are presented. A representative radiosurgery plan consisting of two targets has been investigated. Absorbed dose distributions measured using radiochromic films and gelatin Fricke Gel dosimetry in layers have been compared with dose distributions calculated by using a treatment planning system and Monte Carlo simulations. The different dose distributions have been compared by means of the gamma index demonstrating that gelatin Fricke gel dosimeter layers showed agreements of 100%, 100%, and 93%, with dose and distance tolerances of 2% and 2 mm, with respect to film dosimetry, treatment planning system and Monte Carlo simulations, respectively. The capability of the developed system for three-dimensional dose mapping was shown, obtaining promising results when compared with well-established dosimetry methods. The obtained results support the viability of Fricke gel dosimeter layers analyzed by optical methods for stereotactic radiosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pérez
- Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes de Rayos X (LIIFAMIR(x)), Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - P Rico Torres
- Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes de Rayos X (LIIFAMIR(x)), Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Venezuela
| | - A Bruna
- FiMe - Física Médica SRL, Argentina
| | - M Brunetto
- Centro Médico Privado Deán Funes, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - E Aon
- Centro Médico Privado Deán Funes, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - D Franco
- Centro Médico Privado Deán Funes, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - F Mattea
- Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes de Rayos X (LIIFAMIR(x)), Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - R Figueroa
- Centro de excelencia de Física e Ingeniería en Salud (CFIS), Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - M Santibáñez
- Departamento de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - M Valente
- Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes de Rayos X (LIIFAMIR(x)), Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina; Centro de excelencia de Física e Ingeniería en Salud (CFIS), Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
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Yang T, Wang J, Tu J, Zhou X, Sun J, Chen J, Wen W, Wang Y. Rare-earth doped radioluminescent hydrogel as a potential phantom material for 3D gel dosimeter. E-POLYMERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2021-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cancer prevention and treatment are currently the focus of most research. Dose verification is an important step for reducing the improper dose deposition during radiotherapy. To mend the traditional gel dosimeters for 3D dose verification, a novel rare-earth nanoparticle-based composite gel was prepared, which has good radioluminescence property and reusability. It is a promising phantom material for the new 3D gel dosimeter. TEM, DLS, FT-IR, TGA, and spectrofluorometer were used to determine the chemical structure, micromorphology, and optical performance. Compared to the traditional gel dosimeters, the composite gel has a good linear relationship between the light intensity excited by X-ray and the tube current. Furthermore, it may measure the dose distribution immediately in situ, which reduces errors and saves time. This work provides a new idea for the research of 3D gel dosimeters and promotes the safe and effective use of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , China
- Research Center of Multimoding Radiation Technology, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Junhui Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Nantong Tumor Hospital , Nantong 226362 , China
| | - Jiali Tu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , China
| | - Jiamin Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , China
| | - Wanxin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
- Research Center of Multimoding Radiation Technology, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , China
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , China
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Low-Diffusion Fricke Gel Dosimeters with Core-Shell Structure Based on Spatial Confinement. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14143932. [PMID: 34300851 PMCID: PMC8304938 DOI: 10.3390/ma14143932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The diffusion of ferric ions is an important challenge to limit the application of Fricke gel dosimeters in accurate three-dimensional dose verification of modern radiotherapy. In this work, low-diffusion Fricke gel dosimeters, with a core-shell structure based on spatial confinement, were constructed by utilizing microdroplet ultrarapid freezing and coating technology. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), with its excellent hydrophobicity, was coated on the surface of the pellets. The concentration gradient of the ferric ion was realized through shielding half of a Co-60 photon beam field size, and ion diffusion was measured by both ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and magnetic resonance imaging. No diffusion occurred between the core-shell pellets, even at 96 h after irradiation, and the diffusion length at the irradiation boundary was limited to the diameter (2-3 mm) of the pellets. Furthermore, Monte Carlo calculations were conducted to study dosimetric properties of the core-shell dosimeter, which indicated that a PDMS shell hardly affected the performance of the dosimeter.
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Marrale M, d’Errico F. Hydrogels for Three-Dimensional Ionizing-Radiation Dosimetry. Gels 2021; 7:74. [PMID: 34205640 PMCID: PMC8293215 DOI: 10.3390/gels7020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-sensitive gels are among the most recent and promising developments for radiation therapy (RT) dosimetry. RT dosimetry has the twofold goal of ensuring the quality of the treatment and the radiation protection of the patient. Benchmark dosimetry for acceptance testing and commissioning of RT systems is still based on ionization chambers. However, even the smallest chambers cannot resolve the steep dose gradients of up to 30-50% per mm generated with the most advanced techniques. While a multitude of systems based, e.g., on luminescence, silicon diodes and radiochromic materials have been developed, they do not allow the truly continuous 3D dose measurements offered by radiation-sensitive gels. The gels are tissue equivalent, so they also serve as phantoms, and their response is largely independent of radiation quality and dose rate. Some of them are infused with ferrous sulfate and rely on the radiation-induced oxidation of ferrous ions to ferric ions (Fricke-gels). Other formulations consist of monomers dispersed in a gelatinous medium (Polyacrylamide gels) and rely on radiation-induced polymerization, which creates a stable polymer structure. In both gel types, irradiation causes changes in proton relaxation rates that are proportional to locally absorbed dose and can be imaged using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Changes in color and/or opacification of the gels also occur upon irradiation, allowing the use of optical tomography techniques. In this work, we review both Fricke and polyacrylamide gels with emphasis on their chemical and physical properties and on their applications for radiation dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Marrale
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, “Emilio Segrè” ATeN Center, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco d’Errico
- Scuola di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- School of Medicine, Yale University New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Dosimetric properties of sulfosalicylic acid-ferrous-polyvinyl alcohol-glutaraldehyde hydrogel dosimeters using magnetic and optical techniques. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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