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Papamentzelopoulou MS, Mavrogianni D, Liokari E, Stavros S, Potiris A, Doumplis D, Loutradis D. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor (FSHR) Ser680Asn Genotype Does Not Affect the Follicular Fluid Hormonal Profile in Stimulated Cycles Using Different Gonadotropin Preparations for Ovulation Induction: A Pilot Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e62116. [PMID: 38863774 PMCID: PMC11165288 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existing literature lacks consensus on the effectiveness of utilizing polymorphisms to enhance outcomes in in vitro fertilization (IVF), particularly regarding ovulation induction protocols, oocyte and embryo quality, and pregnancy rates. Therefore, the present pilot study aims to assess whether the composition of different gonadotropin preparations affects the ovarian stimulation protocol concerning follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) Ser680Asn genotypes (Ser/Ser, Ser/Asn, and Asn/Asn), in terms of ovulation induction parameters, including oocyte maturation rate, embryo quality, and pregnancy rate. METHODOLOGY A total of 94 IVF patients underwent treatment using a GnRH antagonist protocol with four distinct gonadotropin preparations: HMG, HMG/hCG, rFSH, and rFSH/hCG. Follicular fluid (FF) samples were pooled for each patient for analysis. RESULTS No statistical differences in the FF hormonal profile (progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione, estradiol, FSH, hCG) among the FSHR genotypes were reported either separately for each protocol or in combination for the four different preparations of gonadotropins. The maturation rate of MII oocytes and embryo quality did not differ among women carrying either Ser/Ser, Ser/Asn, or Asn/Asn genotype (p-value=0.475, and p-value=1.000, respectively). Moreover, no statistically significant correlation was revealed among Ser/Ser, Ser/Asn, and Asn/Asn carriers and pregnancy rate (p = 0.588). CONCLUSIONS FF hormonal analysis of women undergoing IVF using different ovulation induction protocols and carrying either Ser/Ser, Ser/Asn, or Asn/Asn genotype revealed no significant correlations, in terms of maturation rate of MII oocytes, embryo quality, and pregnancy rate, indicating that the FSHR Ser680Asn genotype does not constitute a biomarker for a positive pregnancy outcome. Therefore, the existence of a different mechanism for the expression of FSHR Ser680Asn genotypes in the FF hormonal profile related to stimulated cycles is implied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrto-Sotiria Papamentzelopoulou
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, GRC
| | - Despoina Mavrogianni
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, GRC
| | - Emmanouela Liokari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fertility Institute, Athens, GRC
| | - Sofoklis Stavros
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Anastasios Potiris
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Dimitris Doumplis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fertility Institute, Athens, GRC
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Dimitrios Loutradis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
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Lazzaretti C, Roy N, Paradiso E, Capponi C, Ferrari T, Reggianini F, Sperduti S, Perri C, Baschieri L, Mascolo E, Varani M, Canu G, Trenti T, Nicoli A, Morini D, Iannotti F, Villani MT, Vicini E, Simoni M, Casarini L. Benzo[a]pyrene disrupts LH/hCG-dependent mouse Leydig cell steroidogenesis through receptor/Gαs protein targeting. Sci Rep 2024; 14:844. [PMID: 38191651 PMCID: PMC10774265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51516-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Steroidogenesis of gonadal cells is tightly regulated by gonadotropins. However, certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), induce reproductive toxicity. Several existing studies have considered higher than environmentally relevant concentrations of BaP on male and female steroidogenesis following long-term exposure. Also, the impact of short-term exposure to BaP on gonadotropin-stimulated cells is understudied. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of 1 nM and 1 µM BaP on luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin (LH/hCG)-mediated signalling in two steroidogenic cell models, i.e. the mouse tumor Leydig cell line mLTC1, and the human primary granulosa lutein cells (hGLC) post 8- and 24-h exposure. Cell signalling studies were performed by homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) assay, bioluminescence energy transfer (BRET) and Western blotting, while immunostainings and immunoassays were used for intracellular protein expression and steroidogenesis analyses, respectively. BaP decreased cAMP production in gonadotropin-stimulated mLTC1 interfering with Gαs activation. Therefore, decrease in gonadotropin-mediated CREB phosphorylation in mLTC1 treated with 1 μM BaP was observed, while StAR protein levels in gonadotropin-stimulated mLTC1 cells were unaffected by BaP. Further, BaP decreased LH- and hCG-mediated progesterone production in mLTC1. Contrastingly, BaP failed to mediate any change in cAMP, genes and proteins of steroidogenic machinery and steroidogenesis of gonadotropin-treated hGLC. Our results indicate that short-term exposure to BaP significantly impairs steroidogenic signalling in mLTC1 interfering with Gαs. These findings could have a significant impact on our understanding of the mechanism of reproductive toxicity by endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Lazzaretti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Baggiovara Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy.
| | - Neena Roy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Baggiovara Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
| | - Elia Paradiso
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Baggiovara Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Capponi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tommaso Ferrari
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Baggiovara Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Reggianini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Baggiovara Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
| | - Samantha Sperduti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Baggiovara Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Carmela Perri
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Baggiovara Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
| | - Lara Baschieri
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Baggiovara Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
- International PhD School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisa Mascolo
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Baggiovara Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
| | - Manuela Varani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Azienda USL/Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 41126, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Canu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Azienda USL/Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 41126, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Azienda USL/Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 41126, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessia Nicoli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Daria Morini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesca Iannotti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Villani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Elena Vicini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic, Section of Histology, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Baggiovara Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Baggiovara Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
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Taggi M, Liuzzi F, Botticelli L, De Carlini S, Longo M, Donno V, Fabbiani L, La Marca A. Evidence for the expression of vasorin in the human female reproductive tissues. Gynecol Endocrinol 2023; 39:2224457. [PMID: 37331376 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2023.2224457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the expression and localization of Vasorin (Vasn) in human female reproductive system. Methods: The presence of Vasorin was evaluated by RT-PCR and immunoblotting analyses in patient-derived endometrial, myometrial and granulosa cells (GCs) primary cultures. Immunostaining analyses were performed to detect Vasn localization in primary cultures and in ovarian and uterine tissues. Results: Vasn mRNA was detected in patient-derived endometrial, myometrial and GCs primary cultures without significant differences at the transcript level. Otherwise, immunoblotting analysis showed that Vasn protein levels were significantly higher in GCs than proliferative endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and myometrial cells. Immunohistochemistry performed in ovarian tissues revealed that Vasn was expressed in the GCs of ovarian follicles at different stages of development with a higher immunostaining signal in mature ovarian follicles such as the antral follicle or on the surface of cumulus oophorus cells than in early-stage follicles. The immunostaining of uterine tissues showed that Vasn was expressed in the proliferative stroma endometrium while it was significantly less expressed in the secretory endometrium. Conversely, no protein immunoreactivity was revealed in health myometrial tissue. Conclusions: Our results revealed the presence of Vasn in the ovary and the endometrium. The pattern of Vasn expression and distribution suggests that this protein may have a role in the regulation of processes such as folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation, and endometrial proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Taggi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University, Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Liuzzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University, Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Botticelli
- Unit of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Serena De Carlini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University, Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Longo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University, Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Valeria Donno
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University, Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Fabbiani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University, Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Unit of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio La Marca
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University, Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Roy N, Lazzaretti C, Paradiso E, Capponi C, Ferrari T, Reggianini F, Sperduti S, Baschieri L, Mascolo E, Perri C, Varani M, Canu G, Trenti T, Nicoli A, Morini D, Iannotti F, Villani MT, Vicini E, Simoni M, Casarini L. Short-Term Exposure to Bisphenol A Does Not Impact Gonadal Cell Steroidogenesis In Vitro. Cells 2023; 12:1537. [PMID: 37296657 PMCID: PMC10252311 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous, synthetic chemical proven to induce reproductive disorders in both men and women. The available studies investigated the effects of BPA on male and female steroidogenesis following long-term exposure to the compound at relatively high environmental concentrations. However, the impact of short-term exposure to BPA on reproduction is poorly studied. We evaluated if 8 and 24 h exposure to 1 nM and 1 µM BPA perturbs luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin (LH/hCG)-mediated signalling in two steroidogenic cell models, i.e., the mouse tumour Leydig cell line mLTC1, and human primary granulosa lutein cells (hGLC). Cell signalling studies were performed using a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) assay and Western blotting, while gene expression analysis was carried out using real-time PCR. Immunostainings and an immunoassay were used for intracellular protein expression and steroidogenesis analyses, respectively. The presence of BPA leads to no significant changes in gonadotropin-induced cAMP accumulation, alongside phosphorylation of downstream molecules, such as ERK1/2, CREB and p38 MAPK, in both the cell models. BPA did not impact STARD1, CYP11A1 and CYP19A1 gene expression in hGLC, nor Stard1 and Cyp17a1 expression in mLTC1 treated with LH/hCG. Additionally, the StAR protein expression was unchanged upon exposure to BPA. Progesterone and oestradiol levels in the culture medium, measured by hGLC, as well as the testosterone and progesterone levels in the culture medium, measured by mLTC1, did not change in the presence of BPA combined with LH/hCG. These data suggest that short-term exposure to environmental concentrations of BPA does not compromise the LH/hCG-induced steroidogenic potential of either human granulosa or mouse Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena Roy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy; (N.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Clara Lazzaretti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy; (N.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Elia Paradiso
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy; (N.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Chiara Capponi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.C.)
| | - Tommaso Ferrari
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy; (N.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Francesca Reggianini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy; (N.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Samantha Sperduti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy; (N.R.); (S.S.)
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy
| | - Lara Baschieri
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy; (N.R.); (S.S.)
- International PhD School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy
| | - Elisa Mascolo
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy; (N.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Carmela Perri
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy; (N.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Manuela Varani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda USL/Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Canu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda USL/Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda USL/Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessia Nicoli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Daria Morini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesca Iannotti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Villani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Elena Vicini
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.C.)
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy; (N.R.); (S.S.)
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy; (N.R.); (S.S.)
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy
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Sperduti S, Paradiso E, Anzivino C, Lazzaretti C, Limoncella S, D'Alessandro S, Roy N, Reggianini F, Ferrari T, Melli B, La Sala GB, Nicoli A, Daolio J, Villani MT, Tagliavini S, Trenti T, Potì F, Sandhowe R, Centonze C, Lispi M, Simoni M, Casarini L. LH increases the response to FSH in granulosa-lutein cells from sub/poor-responder patients in vitro. Hum Reprod 2023; 38:103-112. [PMID: 36367827 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does LH addition to FSH in vitro recover the human primary granulosa lutein cell (hGLC) sub/poor-response? SUMMARY ANSWER A picomolar concentration of LH may recover the FSH-induced cAMP and progesterone production of hGLC from sub/poor-responder women. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Clinical studies suggested that FSH and LH co-treatment may be beneficial for the ovarian response of sub/poor-responders undergoing ovarian stimulation during ART. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION hGLC samples from 286 anonymous women undergoing oocyte retrieval for ART were collected from October 2017 to February 2021. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS hGLCs from women undergoing ovarian stimulation during ART were blindly purified, cultured, genotyped and treated in vitro by increasing concentrations of FSH (nM) ±0.5 nM LH. cAMP and progesterone levels produced after 3 and 24 h, respectively, were measured. In vitro data were stratified a posteriori, according to the donors' ovarian response, into normo-, sub- and poor-responder groups and statistically compared. The effects of LH addition to FSH were compared with those obtained by FSH alone in all the groups as well. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE hGLCs from normo-responders were shown to have higher sensitivity to FSH treatment than sub-/poor-responders in vitro. Equimolar FSH concentrations induced higher cAMP (about 2.5- to 4.2-fold), and progesterone plateau levels (1.2- to 2.1-fold), in cells from normo-responder women than those from sub-/poor-responders (ANOVA; P < 0.05). The addition of LH to the cell treatment significantly increased overall FSH efficacy, indicated by cAMP and progesterone levels, within all groups (P > 0.05). Interestingly, these in vitro endpoints, collected from the normo-responder group treated with FSH alone, were similar to those obtained in the sub-/poor-responder group under FSH + LH treatment. No different allele frequencies and FSH receptor (FSHR) gene expression levels between groups were found, excluding genetics of gonadotropin and their receptors as a factor linked to the normo-, sub- and poor-response. In conclusion, FSH elicits phenotype-specific ovarian lutein cell response. Most importantly, LH addition may fill the gap between cAMP and steroid production patterns between normo- and sub/poor-responders. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Although the number of experimental replicates is overall high for an in vitro study, clinical trials are required to demonstrate if the endpoints evaluated herein reflect parameters of successful ART. hGLC retrieved after ovarian stimulation may not fully reproduce the response to hormones of granulosa cells from the antral follicular stage. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This in vitro assay may describe the individual response to personalize ART stimulation protocol, according to the normo-, sub- and poor-responder status. Moreover, this in vitro study supports the need to conduct optimally designed, randomized clinical trials exploring the personalized use of LH in assisted reproduction. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by Merck KGaA. M.L. and C.C. are employees of Merck KGaA or of the affiliate Merck Serono SpA. Other authors have no competing interests to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Sperduti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elia Paradiso
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Claudia Anzivino
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Clara Lazzaretti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Limoncella
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sara D'Alessandro
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,International Ph.D. School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Neena Roy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Reggianini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Ferrari
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Melli
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista La Sala
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alessia Nicoli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Jessica Daolio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Villani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Simonetta Tagliavini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda USL/Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda USL/Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Potì
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neurosciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Reinhild Sandhowe
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Chiara Centonze
- Medical Affair, Merck Serono SpA (Rome, Italy), An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Monica Lispi
- International Ph.D. School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Global Medical Affair, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Luongo FP, Passaponti S, Haxhiu A, Raeispour M, Belmonte G, Governini L, Casarini L, Piomboni P, Luddi A. Bitter Taste Receptors and Endocrine Disruptors: Cellular and Molecular Insights from an In Vitro Model of Human Granulosa Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415540. [PMID: 36555195 PMCID: PMC9779643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are compounds that interfere with the synthesis, transport and binding action of hormones responsible for reproduction and homeostasis. Some EDCs compounds are activators of Taste bitter Receptors, a subclass of taste receptors expressed in many extraoral locations, including sperm and follicular somatic cells. This makes TAS2Rs attractive molecules to study and investigate to shed light on the effect of EDCs on female reproduction and fertility. This study aims to assess the effect of selected EDCs [namely Biochanin A (BCA), caffeine, Daidzein, Genistein and Isoflavone] on hGL5, an immortalized cell line exhibiting characteristics coherent with primary follicular granulosa cells. After demonstrating that this model expresses all the TAS2Rs (TAS2R3, TAS2R4, TAS2R14, TAS2R19, TAS2R43) specifically expressed by the primary human granulosa cells, we demonstrated that BCA and caffeine significantly affect mitochondrial footprint and intracellular lipid content, indicating their contribution in steroidogenesis. Our results showed that bitter taste receptors may be involved in steroidogenesis, thus suggesting an appealing mechanism by which these compounds affect the female reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Paola Luongo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sofia Passaponti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alesandro Haxhiu
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maryam Raeispour
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Belmonte
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Governini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Piomboni
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0577586632
| | - Alice Luddi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy
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7
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Schubert M, Pérez Lanuza L, Wöste M, Dugas M, Carmona FD, Palomino-Morales RJ, Rassam Y, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Tüttelmann F, Kliesch S, Gromoll J. A GWAS in Idiopathic/Unexplained Infertile Men Detects a Genomic Region Determining Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:2350-2361. [PMID: 35305013 PMCID: PMC9282256 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Approximately 70% of infertile men are diagnosed with idiopathic (abnormal semen parameters) or unexplained (normozoospermia) infertility, with the common feature of lacking etiologic factors. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is essential for initiation and maintenance of spermatogenesis. Certain single-nucleotide variations (SNVs; formerly single-nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) (ie, FSHB c.-211G > T, FSHR c.2039A > G) are associated with FSH, testicular volume, and spermatogenesis. It is unknown to what extent other variants are associated with FSH levels and therewith resemble causative factors for infertility. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify further genetic determinants modulating FSH levels in a cohort of men presenting with idiopathic or unexplained infertility. METHODS We retrospectively (2010-2018) selected 1900 men with idiopathic/unexplained infertility. In the discovery study (n = 760), a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed (Infinium PsychArrays) in association with FSH values (Illumina GenomeStudio, v2.0). Minor allele frequencies (MAFs) were analyzed for the discovery and an independent normozoospermic cohort. In the validation study (n = 1140), TaqMan SNV polymerase chain reaction was conducted for rs11031005 and rs10835638 in association with andrological parameters. RESULTS Imputation revealed 9 SNVs in high linkage disequilibrium, with genome-wide significance (P < 4.28e-07) at the FSHB locus 11p.14.1 being associated with FSH. The 9 SNVs accounted for up to a 4.65% variance in FSH level. In the oligozoospermic subgroup, this was increased up to 6.95% and the MAF was enhanced compared to an independent cohort of normozoospermic men. By validation, a significant association for rs11031005/rs10835638 with FSH (P = 4.71e-06/5.55e-07) and FSH/luteinizing hormone ratio (P = 2.08e-12/6.4e-12) was evident. CONCLUSIONS This GWAS delineates the polymorphic FSHB genomic region as the main determinant of FSH levels in men with unexplained or idiopathic infertility. Given the essential role of FSH, molecular detection of one of the identified SNVs that causes lowered FSH and therewith decreases spermatogenesis could resolve the idiopathic/unexplained origin by this etiologic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marius Wöste
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia 48149, Germany
| | - Martin Dugas
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia 48149, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F David Carmona
- Department of Genetics and Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, Granada, Andalusia 18016, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Andalusia 18012, Spain
| | - Rogelio J Palomino-Morales
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Andalusia 18012, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Andalusia 18071, Spain
| | - Yousif Rassam
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University of Münster, Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia 48149, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia 53127, Germany
| | - Frank Tüttelmann
- Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia 48149, Germany
| | - Sabine Kliesch
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University of Münster, Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia 48149, Germany
| | - Jörg Gromoll
- Correspondence: Jörg Gromoll, Dr. rer. nat., Institute of Reproductive and Regenerative Biology, Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Geb. D11, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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8
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Casarini L, Paradiso E, Lazzaretti C, D'Alessandro S, Roy N, Mascolo E, Zaręba K, García-Gasca A, Simoni M. Regulation of antral follicular growth by an interplay between gonadotropins and their receptors. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:893-904. [PMID: 35292926 PMCID: PMC9050977 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the growth and maturation of human antral follicles is based mainly on concepts and deductions from clinical observations and animal models. To date, new experimental approaches and in vitro data contributed to a deep comprehension of gonadotropin receptors' functioning and may provide new insights into the mechanisms regulating still unclear physiological events. Among these, the production of androgen in the absence of proper LH levels, the programming of follicular atresia and dominance are some of the most intriguing. Starting from evolutionary issues at the basis of the gonadotropin receptor signal specificity, we draw a new hypothesis explaining the molecular mechanisms of the antral follicular growth, based on the modulation of endocrine signals by receptor-receptor interactions. The "heteromer hypothesis" explains how opposite death and life signals are delivered by gonadotropin receptors and other membrane partners, mediating steroidogenesis, apoptotic events, and the maturation of the dominant follicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Ospedale di Baggiovara, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy.
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
- SIERR, Rome, Italy.
| | - Elia Paradiso
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Ospedale di Baggiovara, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
| | - Clara Lazzaretti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Ospedale di Baggiovara, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
| | - Sara D'Alessandro
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Ospedale di Baggiovara, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
- International PhD School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Neena Roy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Ospedale di Baggiovara, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisa Mascolo
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Ospedale di Baggiovara, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
| | - Kornelia Zaręba
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alejandra García-Gasca
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, 82112, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Ospedale di Baggiovara, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
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9
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Quantification of hormone membrane receptor FSHR, GPER and LHCGR transcripts in human primary granulosa lutein cells by real-time quantitative PCR and digital droplet PCR. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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10
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Paradiso E, Lazzaretti C, Sperduti S, Antoniani F, Fornari G, Brigante G, Di Rocco G, Tagliavini S, Trenti T, Morini D, Falbo AI, Villani MT, Nofer JR, Simoni M, Potì F, Casarini L. Sphingosine-1 phosphate induces cAMP/PKA-independent phosphorylation of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in granulosa cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 520:111082. [PMID: 33189864 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) is a lysosphingolipid present in the ovarian follicular fluid. The role of the lysosphingolipid in gonads of the female is widely unclear. At nanomolar concentrations, S1P binds and activates five specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), known as S1P1-5, modulating different signaling pathways. S1P1 and S1P3 are highly expressed in human primary granulosa lutein cells (hGLC), as well as in the immortalized human primary granulosa cell line hGL5. In this study, we evaluated the signaling cascade activated by S1P and its synthetic analogues in hGLC and hGL5 cells, exploring the biological relevance of S1PR-stimulation in this context. METHODS AND RESULTS hGLC and hGL5 cells were treated with a fixed dose (0.1 μM) of S1P, or by S1P1- and S1P3-specific agonists SEW2871 and CYM5541. In granulosa cells, S1P and, at a lesser extent, SEW2871 and CYM5541, potently induced CREB phosphorylation. No cAMP production was detected and pCREB activation occurred even in the presence of the PKA inhibitor H-89. Moreover, S1P-dependent CREB phosphorylation was dampened by the mitogen-activate protein kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126 and by the L-type Ca2+ channel blocker verapamil. The complete inhibition of CREB phosphorylation occurred by blocking either S1P2 or S1P3 with the specific receptor antagonists JTE-013 and TY52156, or under PLC/PI3K depletion. S1P-dependent CREB phosphorylation induced FOXO1 and the EGF-like epiregulin-encoding gene (EREG), confirming the exclusive role of gonadotropins and interleukins in this process, but did not affect steroidogenesis. However, S1P or agonists did not modulate granulosa cell viability and proliferation in our conditions. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that S1P may induce a cAMP-independent activation of pCREB in granulosa cells, although this is not sufficient to induce intracellular steroidogenic signals and progesterone synthesis. S1P-induced FOXO1 and EREG gene expression suggests that the activation of S1P-S1PR axis may cooperate with gonadotropins in modulating follicle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Paradiso
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; International PhD School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Clara Lazzaretti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; International PhD School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Samantha Sperduti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Antoniani
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Fornari
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Brigante
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Di Rocco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Simonetta Tagliavini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, NOCSAE, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, NOCSAE, Modena, Italy
| | - Daria Morini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN. Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Angela Immacolata Falbo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN. Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Villani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN. Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jerzy-Roch Nofer
- Central Laboratory Facility, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; PR China, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Francesco Potì
- Unit of Neurosciences, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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11
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Effect of luteinizing hormone concentration on transcriptome and subcellular organelle phenotype of ovarian granulosa cells. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:809-824. [PMID: 33447950 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02066-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Granulosa cells (GCs) surrounding oocytes are crucial for follicular growth, oocyte development, ovulation, and luteinization under the dynamic co-stimulation of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). This study aimed to investigate the effect of LH levels on GCs in preovulatory follicles under gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist-based ovarian stimulation. In vitro experiments were also conducted to study the direct effect of LH on GCs. METHODS Twelve infertile women were divided into low (L), medium (M), and high (H) LH groups according to their serum LH levels during ovarian stimulation. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was conducted to examine the transcriptome profiles of GCs obtained from the above patients during the oocyte retrieval. The activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenase was measured under the stimulation of recombinant LH (rLH) concentration gradient combined with recombinant FSH. The ultrastructures of subcellular organelles were observed. RESULTS Bioinformatic analyses showed that compared with the M group, molecule and pathway changes in the L group and in the H group were similar. In cultured GCs, both insufficient and excessive rLH impaired the activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenase. With the medium rLH concentration, numerous cell connections and abundant mitochondria and liposomes were observed. Compared with the medium concentration, GCs showed smaller and rounder mitochondria, more autophagosomes, and massive organelles damages with excessive rLH, and swollen, circular, or forked mitochondria were observed with inadequate rLH. CONCLUSIONS RNA-seq provided a novel spectrum of transcriptome characteristics of GCs potentially affected by serum LH levels during ovarian stimulation. In vitro, rLH could directly affect GCs at the subcellular level.
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12
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Dias JA, Ulloa-Aguirre A. New Human Follitropin Preparations: How Glycan Structural Differences May Affect Biochemical and Biological Function and Clinical Effect. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:636038. [PMID: 33815292 PMCID: PMC8018285 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.636038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well accepted that pituitary follitropin is secreted into the circulation as a mixture of variants, which differ not in primary structure but rather at the level of glycosylation. These glycosidic forms vary in the number of glycosylation sites filled, complexity of glycosidic chains, and sialylation and sulfation. It is generally agreed that high sialylation, 2,3 sialic acid capping of terminal N-acetyl galactosamine or galactose leads to longer circulating half-life, by blocking binding of asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) in the liver. In contrast, 2,6 sialic acid found in humans does not prevent recognition of galactose and N-acetyl galactosamine by ASGPR. Few studies on clinical outcomes comparing differences in sialylation of follitropin found in commercially available preparations are available. Thus, there is a clear need for a consortium of open data to address this unmet need. Recently, FSH glycosylation, primarily on the β-subunit, which varies as women age, has emerged as a key modifier of follitropin action, with profound biological effects in vivo in animal models. To date, limited information of recombinant follitropin hormone preparations is available. Thus, most of the studies with FSH that is well characterized biochemically have been done in vitro, with engineered non gonadal host cells bearing recombinant receptors or in animal models. Since limited studies in human granulosa cells are available, a question is whether structural differences in glycosylation in commercially available follitropin affects biological function and clinical effect in humans. The presence of fucose, for example, has not been studied greatly even though, in the case of antibody therapy it has been shown to have a large effect on antibody targeting. This review on glycosidic variability of follitropin from the biochemical/structural point of view reflects on this question and presents an assessment in the context of available published data. If clinical differences are to be expected or not, the readers will have a better understanding of the evidence for and limitations of such expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Dias
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: James A. Dias,
| | - Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, National University of Mexico-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ., Mexico City, Mexico
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13
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Casarini L, Riccetti L, Paradiso E, Benevelli R, Lazzaretti C, Sperduti S, Melli B, Tagliavini S, Varani M, Trenti T, Morini D, Falbo A, Villani MT, Jonas KC, Simoni M. Two human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG) preparations display different early signaling in vitro. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 26:894-905. [PMID: 33084890 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Commercial hMG drugs are marketed for the treatment of infertility and consist of highly purified hormones acting on receptors expressed in target gonadal cells. Menopur® and Meriofert® are combined preparation of FSH and hCG and are compared in vitro herein. To this purpose, the molecular composition of the two drugs was analyzed by immunoassay. The formation of FSH receptor and LH/hCG receptor (FSHR; LHCGR) heteromer, intracellular Ca2+ and cAMP activation, β-arrestin 2 recruitment and the synthesis of progesterone and estradiol were evaluated in transfected HEK293 and human primary granulosa lutein cells treated by drugs administered within the pg-mg/ml concentration range. Molecular characterization revealed that Meriofert® has a higher FSH:hCG ratio than Menopur® which, in turn, displays the presence of LH molecules. While both drugs induced similar FSHR-LHCGR heteromeric formations and intracellular Ca2+ increase, Meriofert® had a higher potency than Menopur® in inducing a cAMP increase. Moreover, Meriofert® revealed a higher potency than Menopur® in recruiting β-arrestin 2, likely due to different FSH content modulating the tridimensional structure of FSHR-LHCGR-β-arrestin 2 complexes, as evidenced by a decrease in bioluminescence resonance energy transfer signal. This drug-specific activation of intracellular signaling pathways is consistent with the molecular composition of these preparations and impacts downstream progesterone and estradiol production, with Menopur® more potent than Meriofert® in inducing the synthesis of both the steroids. These findings are suggestive of distinct in-vivo activities of these preparations, but require cautious interpretation and further validation from clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy.,Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Laura Riccetti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Elia Paradiso
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy.,International PhD School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Riccardo Benevelli
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Clara Lazzaretti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy.,International PhD School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Samantha Sperduti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy.,Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Beatrice Melli
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Simonetta Tagliavini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda USL. NOCSAE, Modena 41126, Italy
| | - Manuela Varani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda USL. NOCSAE, Modena 41126, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda USL. NOCSAE, Modena 41126, Italy
| | - Daria Morini
- Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Angela Falbo
- Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Villani
- Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Kim C Jonas
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life course Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy.,International PhD School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, 41126 Modena, Italy.,PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
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14
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Cannarella R, Musso N, Condorelli RA, Musmeci M, Stefani S, La Vignera S, Calogero AE. Combined Effects of the FSHR 2039 A/G and FSHR -29 G/A Polymorphisms on Male Reproductive Parameters. World J Mens Health 2020; 39:516-525. [PMID: 33151046 PMCID: PMC8255408 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.200070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of FSHR 2039 A/G and FSHR -29 G/A single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the male reproductive function in a cohort of Sicilian men. MATERIALS AND METHODS One-hundred thirty Sicilian men were enrolled and underwent blood withdrawal for hormone measurement and FSHR 2039 A/G and FSHR -29 G/A SNP genotyping, testicular volume evaluation by ultrasound scan, and semen analysis. A meta-analysis of the FSHR -29 G/A SNP, evaluated in a previous study of the Sicilian population was done. RESULTS No genotype of the FSHR 2039 A/G SNP correlated with serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, testicular volume, sperm concentration, and total sperm count. In contrast, normozoospermic men with FSHR -29 GG and FSHR -29 GA genotypes had significantly lower sperm concentrations compared to men with the FSHR -29 AA genotype. The other sperm parameters did not show any significant difference. The meta-analysis showed no significant difference in serum FSH levels, testicular volume, sperm concentration, and total sperm count between FSHR -29 GG and FSHR -29 AA in Sicilian men. No difference was found even when the two SNPs were evaluated in combination. However, this combination was present, as expected, only in a low proportion (3.8%) of the men studied. CONCLUSIONS The SNPs FSHR 2039 A/G and FSHR -29 G/A in combination did not seem to have any effect on male reproductive function in a cohort of Sicilian men. The effect of these SNPs has only been studied in granulosa cells so far. Further studies on their role in Sertoli cells are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Nicolò Musso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, BIOMETEC, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Musmeci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefania Stefani
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, BIOMETEC-Sect. of Microbiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Effect of cryopreservation on human granulosa cell viability and responsiveness to gonadotropin. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 379:635-645. [PMID: 31788759 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In human, the use of freshly recovered granulosa cells for experiments remains difficult. Because of the single use of human cells, the experiments cannot be repeated, and no additional conditions can be tested afterwards with the cells of the same patient. Therefore, granulosa cell cryopreservation could be a good alternative to keep part of these cells for later controls or experiments. The aim of this study is to compare the responsiveness to FSH of fresh and frozen-thawed human primary granulosa-lutein cells (hGLC) and determine if cryopreserved granulosa cells can be used in place of fresh cells. Two cryopreservation methods were also compared: a conventional versus a simplified freezing method. This experimental study was undertaken at Igyxos S.A., Nouzilly, France. Seventy women undergoing oocyte retrieval at the IVF Unit from Bretonneau University Hospital (Tours, France) were recruited in 2016. Fresh and frozen-thawed hGLC were cultured for 7 days and then stimulated by r-FSH for 48 h. To assess r-FSH efficacy and potency, extracellular cAMP accumulated in the supernatant for each stimulation point was measured. We demonstrated that hGLC remain responsive to FSH stimulation after freezing-thawing and 7 days of pre-culture. They are able to secrete cAMP with a similar EC50 value as fresh hGLC, but FSH efficacy is lowered. As our study did not show any significant difference between the two freezing methods concerning the sensitivity of hGLC to FSH, hGLC could be cryopreserved with the simplified freezing method without taking up too much time for IVF laboratories.
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Sacchi S, Tenedini E, Tondelli D, Parenti S, Tagliasacchi D, Xella S, Marsella T, Tagliafico E, La Marca A. Gene expression profiles of human granulosa cells treated with bioequivalent doses of corifollitropin alfa (CFA) or recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (recFSH). Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:623-627. [PMID: 30784329 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1576611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Using recombinant DNA technologies, a chimeric gene containing the coding sequences of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) β-subunit and C-terminal peptide of the human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) β-subunit have been designed to generate a new gonadotrophin named corifollitropin alfa (CFA). CFA has longer elimination half-life and slower rate of absorption compared with FSH, which makes CFA a long-acting hormone employed as a substitute of the recombinant FSH (recFSH) in the controlled ovarian stimulation (COS). The purpose of this study is to compare the gene expression profiles elicited by bioequivalent doses of CFA or recFSH in primary cultures of human granulosa cells (hGCs). Gonadotrophins exert their functions by binding FSH receptors (FSHRs), activating signaling pathways that increase the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) intracellular content. Bioequivalence has been defined as the dose/duration of gonadotrophin treatment able to promote the same amount of intracellular cAMP. hGCs were treated with different doses of either gonadotrophin and the cAMP was measured after different incubation times to establish the bioequivalence. Results obtained by comparing the bioequivalent treatments, showed that CFA is more effective than recFSH in inducing aromatase gene expression after 6 and 24 h from the initial stimulation in agreement with its long-acting characteristic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Sacchi
- a Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Elena Tenedini
- b Center for Genome Research , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
- c Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Debora Tondelli
- a Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Sandra Parenti
- b Center for Genome Research , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
- c Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Daniela Tagliasacchi
- a Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Susanna Xella
- a Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Tiziana Marsella
- a Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Enrico Tagliafico
- b Center for Genome Research , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
- c Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Antonio La Marca
- a Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
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Nenonen HA, Lindgren IA, Prahl AS, Trzybulska D, Kharraziha I, Hultén M, Giwercman YL, Henic E. The N680S variant in the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor gene identifies hyperresponders to controlled ovarian stimulation. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2019; 29:114-120. [PMID: 30829738 PMCID: PMC6587209 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study if the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) variant asparagine/serine in amino acid 680 (N680S) can predict hypersensitivity to gonadotropins in women undergoing assisted reproduction. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, 586 women undergoing their first in-vitro fertilisation treatment were enroled, and their FSHR N680S genetic variant was analysed. The main outcome measures were number of retrieved oocytes and any grade of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Experimental studies were performed on FSHR variants transfected into eukaryotic cells treated with 1-90 IU recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone. The receptors' ability to induce a second messenger 3',5'-cyclic AMP was measured. RESULTS The proportion of women who developed OHSS was 6% (n=36). None of the women who developed this condition had the homozygous serine variant. The N680S polymorphism in the FSHR was associated with the condition, Ptrend (genotype)=0.004 and Pallelic (alleles)=0.04. Mean oocyte number was 11±6 in women without OHSS and 16±8 in women who developed OHSS (P=0.001), despite exposure to lower total hormonal dose in the latter group. The odds ratio for developing OHSS in carriers of the asparagine allele was 1.7 (95% confidence interval: 1.025-2.839, P=0.04). A higher receptor activity in cells expressing asparagine compared with the serine was also evident at all concentrations of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone used (P<0.05 for all). CONCLUSION This study confirms previous findings regarding higher hormonal sensitivity in carriers of asparagine in the N680S position. These women are at higher risk for OHSS during in-vitro fertilisation. Genetic testing could identify those at highest risk to develop this adverse effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A. Nenonen
- Department of Translational Medicine, Molecular Genetic Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Lund
| | - Ida A. Lindgren
- Department of Translational Medicine, Molecular Genetic Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Lund
| | - Alexandra S. Prahl
- Department of Translational Medicine, Molecular Genetic Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Lund
| | - Dorota Trzybulska
- Department of Translational Medicine, Molecular Genetic Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Lund
| | - Isabella Kharraziha
- Department of Translational Medicine, Molecular Genetic Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Lund
| | - Mathilda Hultén
- Department of Translational Medicine, Molecular Genetic Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Lund
| | - Yvonne L. Giwercman
- Department of Translational Medicine, Molecular Genetic Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Lund
| | - Emir Henic
- Department of Translational Medicine, Molecular Genetic Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Lund
- Department of Translational Medicine, Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Alviggi C, Conforti A, Santi D, Esteves SC, Andersen CY, Humaidan P, Chiodini P, De Placido G, Simoni M. Clinical relevance of genetic variants of gonadotrophins and their receptors in controlled ovarian stimulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2019; 24:599-614. [PMID: 29924306 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmy019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genotype has been implicated in the outcome of ovarian stimulation. The analysis of patient-specific genotypes might lead to an individualized pharmacogenomic approach to controlled ovarian stimulation (COS). However, the validity of such an approach remains to be established. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE To define the impact of specific genotype profiles of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and their receptors (FSHR, LHR and LHCGR) on ovarian stimulation outcome. Specifically, our aim was to identify polymorphisms that could be useful in clinical practice, and those that need further clinical investigation. SEARCH METHODS A systematic review followed by a meta-analysis was performed according to the Cochrane Collaboration and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines without time restriction. We searched the PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS and EMBASE databases to identify all relevant studies published before January 2017. Only clinical trials published as full-text articles in peer-reviewed journals were included. The primary outcome was the number of oocytes retrieved. OUTCOMES Fifty-seven studies were assessed for eligibility, 33 of which were included in the qualitative and quantitative analyses. Data were independently extracted using quality indicators. COS outcomes related to seven polymorphisms (FSHR [rs6165], FSHR [rs6166], FSHR [rs1394205], LHB [rs1800447], LHB [rs1056917], LHCGR [rs2293275] and LHCGR [rs13405728]) were evaluated. More oocytes were retrieved from FSHR (rs6165) AA homozygotes (five studies, 677 patients, weighted mean difference [WMD]: 1.85, 95% CI: 0.85-2.85, P < 0.001; I2 = 0%) than from GG homozygotes and AG heterozygotes (four studies, 630 patients, WMD: 1.62, 95% CI: 0.28-2.95, P = 0.020; I2 = 56%). Moreover, stimulation duration was shorter in FSHR (rs6165) AA homozygotes than in AG carriers (three studies, 588 patients, WMD -0.48, 95% CI: -0.87 to -0.10, P = 0.010, I2 = 44%). A higher number of oocytes (21 studies, 2632 patients WMD: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.19 to 1.49, P = 0.01, I2 = 76%) and metaphase II oocytes (five studies, 608 patients, WMD: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.01-2.05, P = 0.050, I2 = 0%) was observed in AA than in GG homozygote carriers. FSH consumption was significantly lower in FSHR (rs1394205) GG homozygotes (three studies, 411 patients, WMD: -1294.61 IU, 95% CI: -593.08 to -1996.14 IU, P = 0.0003, I2 = 99%) and AG heterozygotes (three studies, 367 patients, WMD: -1014.36 IU, 95% CI: -364.11 to -1664.61 IU, P = 0.002, I2 = 99%) than in AA homozygotes. WIDER IMPLICATIONS These results support the clinical relevance of specific genotype profiles on reproductive outcome. Further studies are required to determine their application in a pharmacogenomic approach to ovarian stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Alviggi
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.,Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Conforti
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Daniele Santi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, and Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Modena, Italy
| | - Sandro C Esteves
- Androfert, Andrology and Human Reproduction Clinic, and Department of Surgery (Division of Urology), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Claus Yding Andersen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Humaidan
- Fertility Clinic, Skive Regional Hospital, Skive, Denmark, and Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Paolo Chiodini
- Medical Statistics Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Placido
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, and Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Modena, Italy
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Ophir L, Yung Y, Yerushalmi GM, Baum M, Machtinger R, Maman E, Hourvitz A. An optimized model for hCG stimulation of human mural granulosa cell culture. Reprod Biol 2019; 19:67-74. [PMID: 30661769 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian follicular development and ovulation in mammals is a highly-regulated process. Most of the current knowledge of ovarian processes was obtained from the studies of non-human models. Molecular studies on human ovarian processes suffer from lack of material and appropriate research tools. Mural granulosa cells (MGCs) culture is a major tool for studying the effect of different substances but a major problem for using these primary MGCs is their unresponsiveness to hCG stimulation at the time of oocyte retrieval. It is acceptable that MGCs regain responsiveness during days in culture but when the best time is and how to accelerate the regenerative process are unknown. The aim of the current study was to establish an optimized protocol which will provide a practical and efficient tool to examine the effect of LH/hCG on different downstream targets in luteinized MGCs. hCG effects were examined according to days in culture and hCG stimulation time. As read-out, we analyzed the gene expression of known hCG targets, protein production, and progesterone secretion. Our results show that with a daily medium exchange, the strongest effect was achieved already 4 days after seeding. On day 4, hCG stimulation triggers two major patterns of gene expression. Early induced genes were highly expressed 6-8 h after hCG, while 24 h of hCG stimulation was needed for late induced genes. Based on our results, we suggest daily medium exchange for 4 days before adding hCG and examine its effect 6 and 24 h later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libby Ophir
- IVF Unit and Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yuval Yung
- IVF Unit and Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Gil Mordechai Yerushalmi
- IVF Unit and Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Micha Baum
- IVF Unit and Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronit Machtinger
- IVF Unit and Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ettie Maman
- IVF Unit and Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ariel Hourvitz
- IVF Unit and Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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20
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Riccetti L, Sperduti S, Lazzaretti C, Klett D, De Pascali F, Paradiso E, Limoncella S, Potì F, Tagliavini S, Trenti T, Galano E, Palmese A, Satwekar A, Daolio J, Nicoli A, Villani MT, Aguzzoli L, Reiter E, Simoni M, Casarini L. Glycosylation Pattern and in vitro Bioactivity of Reference Follitropin alfa and Biosimilars. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:503. [PMID: 31396162 PMCID: PMC6667556 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (follitropin alfa) and biosimilar preparations are available for clinical use. They have specific FSH activity and a unique glycosylation profile dependent on source cells. The aim of the study is to compare the originator (reference) follitropin alfa (Gonal-f®)- with biosimilar preparations (Bemfola® and Ovaleap®)-induced cellular responses in vitro. Gonadotropin N-glycosylation profiles were analyzed by ELISA lectin assay, revealing preparation specific-patterns of glycan species (Kruskal-Wallis test; p < 0.05, n = 6) and by glycotope mapping. Increasing concentrations of Gonal-f® or biosimilar (1 × 10-3-1 × 103 ng/ml) were used for treating human primary granulosa lutein cells (hGLC) and FSH receptor (FSHR)-transfected HEK293 cells in vitro. Intracellular cAMP production, Ca2+ increase and β-arrestin 2 recruitment were evaluated by BRET, CREB, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation by Western blotting. 12-h gene expression, and 8- and 24-h progesterone and estradiol synthesis were measured by real-time PCR and immunoassay, respectively. We found preparation-specific glycosylation patterns by lectin assay (Kruskal-Wallis test; p < 0.001; n = 6), and similar cAMP production and β-arrestin 2 recruitment in FSHR-transfected HEK293 cells (cAMP EC50 range = 12 ± 0.9-24 ± 1.7 ng/ml; β-arrestin 2 EC50 range = 140 ± 14.1-313 ± 18.7 ng/ml; Kruskal-Wallis test; p ≥ 0.05; n = 4). Kinetics analysis revealed that intracellular Ca2+ increased upon cell treatment by 4 μg/ml Gonal-f®, while equal concentrations of biosimilars failed to induced a response (Kruskal-Wallis test; p < 0.05; n = 3). All preparations induced both 8 and 24 h-progesterone and estradiol synthesis in hGLC, while no different EC50s were demonstrated (Kruskal-Wallis test; p > 0.05; n = 5). Apart from preparation-specific intracellular Ca2+ increases achieved at supra-physiological hormone doses, all compounds induced similar intracellular responses and steroidogenesis, reflecting similar bioactivity, and overall structural homogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Riccetti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Samantha Sperduti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Clara Lazzaretti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- International PhD School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Danièle Klett
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Elia Paradiso
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- International PhD School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Limoncella
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Potì
- Unit of Neurosciences, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Simonetta Tagliavini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda USL, NOCSAE, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda USL, NOCSAE, Modena, Italy
| | - Eugenio Galano
- Analytical Development Biotech Products, Merck Serono S.p.A. (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Palmese
- Analytical Development Biotech Products, Merck Serono S.p.A. (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Rome, Italy
| | - Abhijeet Satwekar
- Analytical Development Biotech Products, Merck Serono S.p.A. (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Rome, Italy
| | - Jessica Daolio
- Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale—IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alessia Nicoli
- Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale—IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Villani
- Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale—IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Aguzzoli
- Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale—IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Eric Reiter
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Modena, Italy
| | - Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- *Correspondence: Livio Casarini
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Schubert M, Pérez Lanuza L, Gromoll J. Pharmacogenetics of FSH Action in the Male. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:47. [PMID: 30873114 PMCID: PMC6403134 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Male infertility is a major contributor to couple infertility, however in most cases it remains "idiopathic" and putative treatment regimens are lacking. This leads to a scenario in which intra-cytoplasmic spermatozoa injection (ICSI) is widely used in idiopathic male infertility, though the treatment burden is high for the couple and it entails considerable costs and risks. Given the crucial role of the Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) for spermatogenesis, FSH has been used empirically to improve semen parameters, but the response to FSH varied strongly among treated infertile men. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within FSH ligand/receptor genes (FSHB/FSHR), significantly influencing reproductive parameters in men, represent promising candidates to serve as pharmacogenetic markers to improve prediction of response to FSH. Consequently, several FSH-based pharmacogenetic studies have been conducted within the last years with unfortunately wide divergence concerning selection criteria, treatment and primary endpoints. In this review we therefore outline the current knowledge on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FSH and FSH receptor genes and their putative functional effects. We compile and critically assess the previously performed pharmacogenetic studies in the male and propose a putative strategy that might allow identifying patients who could benefit from FSH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schubert
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lina Pérez Lanuza
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jörg Gromoll
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jörg Gromoll
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Luddi A, Gori M, Marrocco C, Capaldo A, Pavone V, Bianchi L, Boschi L, Morgante G, Piomboni P, de Leo V. Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in human cumulus and granulosa cells as biomarkers for oocyte quality estimation. Fertil Steril 2018; 109:930-939.e3. [PMID: 29778391 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the molecular profile of metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in granulosa and cumulus cells in a subset of fertile and infertile women. DESIGN Molecular study with granulosa and cumulus cells. SETTING University hospital. PATIENT(S) Forty-four women undergoing assisted reproductive techniques for female infertility factor, with partners having a normal spermiogram and 15 normally fertile women with male partner affected by severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia or nonobstructive azoospermia. INTERVENTION(S) In vitro fertilization. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT(S) We investigated gene expression level of metalloproteinases (MMP2, MMP9, MMP11) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP1, TIMP2) by means of quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, protein quantification by means of Western blot, and localization by means of immunofluorescence. RESULT(S) We firstly validated HPRT1 as the most reliable housekeeping gene enabling correct gene expression analysis in both granulosa and cumulus cells. Gene expression, Western blot, and immunofluorescence analysis of MMP2, MMP9, and MMP11 and their tissue inhibitors TIMP1 and TIMP2 demonstrated that these enzymes are finely tuned in these cells. MMP9 is specifically expressed only in granulosa, whereas MMP2 is more expressed in cumulus and granulosa cells in cases of reduced ovarian response and decreased fertilization rate. CONCLUSION(S) This study sheds light on MMP and TIMP expression in granulosa and cumulus cells, and it may help in understanding the fine regulation of oocyte maturation inside the follicle. Although further studies are needed to fully understand the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes, our findings may be useful in the identification of biomarkers of oocyte maturation, competence acquiring, and fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Luddi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Martina Gori
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Camilla Marrocco
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Angela Capaldo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Laura Bianchi
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Letizia Boschi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Morgante
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Couple Sterility, S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Piomboni
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Couple Sterility, S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital, Siena, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo de Leo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Couple Sterility, S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital, Siena, Italy
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García-Jiménez G, Zariñán T, Rodríguez-Valentín R, Mejía-Domínguez NR, Gutiérrez-Sagal R, Hernández-Montes G, Tovar A, Arechavaleta-Velasco F, Canto P, Granados J, Moreno-Macias H, Tusié-Luna T, Pellicer A, Ulloa-Aguirre A. Frequency of the T307A, N680S, and -29G>A single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor in Mexican subjects of Hispanic ancestry. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:100. [PMID: 30340493 PMCID: PMC6195735 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0420-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FSHR SNPs may influence the ovarian sensitivity to endogenous and exogenous FSH stimulation. Given the paucity of data on the FSHR c.919A > G, c.2039A > G and - 29G > A SNPs in Hispanic population, we here analyzed their frequency distribution in Mexican mestizo women. METHODS Samples from 224 Mexican mestizo women enrolled in an IVF program as well as a genotype database from 8182 Mexican mestizo subjects, were analyzed for FSHR SNPs at positions c.919, c.2039 and - 29G > A. Association between the genetic variants and reproductive outcomes was assessed. RESULTS The c.919 and c.2039 SNPs were in strong linkage disequilibrium and their corresponding genotype frequencies in the IVF group were: AA 46.8%, AG 44.2%, and GG 8.9%, and AA 41.9%, AG 48.2% and GG 9.8%, respectively. For the -29G > A SNP, genotype frequencies were 27% (GG), 50% (GA) and 23% (AA). In normal oocyte donors with the c.2039 GG genotype, the number of oocytes recovered after ovarian stimulation (COS) were significantly (p < 0.01) lower than in those bearing other genotypes in this or the -29G > A SNP. Analysis of the large scale database revealed that both allelic and genotype frequencies for the three SNPs were very similar to those detected in the IVF cohort (p ≥ 0.38) and that female carriers of the c.2039 G allele tended to present lower number of pregnancies than women bearing the AA genotype; this trend was stronger when women with more Native American ancestry was separately analyzed (OR = 2.0, C.I. 95% 1.03-3.90, p = 0.04). There were no differences or trends in the number of pregnancies among the different genotypes of the -29G > A SNP. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of the GG/GG combination genotype for the c.919 and c.2039 SNPs in Mexican hispanics is among the lowest reported. The GG genotype is associated with decreased number of oocytes recovered in response to COS as well as to lower pregnancy rates in Hispanic women from the general population. The absence of any effect of the -29AA genotype on the response to COS, indicates that there is no need to perform this particular genotype testing in Hispanic women with the purpose of providing an individually-tailored COS protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela García-Jiménez
- Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVINSEMER), Thiers 96, Col. Nueva Anzurez, CP 11590 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Teresa Zariñán
- 0000 0001 2159 0001grid.9486.3Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Coordinación de la Investigación Científica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ (INCMNSZ), Calle Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14000 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Rocío Rodríguez-Valentín
- 0000 0004 1773 4764grid.415771.1Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, CP 62100 Cuernavaca, Mor Mexico
| | - Nancy R. Mejía-Domínguez
- 0000 0001 2159 0001grid.9486.3Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Coordinación de la Investigación Científica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ (INCMNSZ), Calle Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14000 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Rubén Gutiérrez-Sagal
- 0000 0001 2159 0001grid.9486.3Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Coordinación de la Investigación Científica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ (INCMNSZ), Calle Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14000 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Georgina Hernández-Montes
- 0000 0001 2159 0001grid.9486.3Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Coordinación de la Investigación Científica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ (INCMNSZ), Calle Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14000 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Armando Tovar
- 0000 0001 0698 4037grid.416850.eDepartment of Physiology of Nutrition, INCMNSZ, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fabián Arechavaleta-Velasco
- Research Unit in Reproductive Medicine, UMAE Hospital de Ginecoobstetricia “Luis Castelazo Ayala”, Río de la Magdalena 289, Tizapán San Ángel, Mexico City, 01090 Mexico
| | - Patricia Canto
- 0000 0001 2159 0001grid.9486.3Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julio Granados
- 0000 0001 0698 4037grid.416850.eDepartment of Transplantation, INCMNSZ, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hortensia Moreno-Macias
- 0000 0001 2157 0393grid.7220.7Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Leyes de Reforma 1ra. Secc., Mexico City, 09340 Mexico
| | - Teresa Tusié-Luna
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, UNAM-INCMNSZ, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonio Pellicer
- Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVINSEMER), Thiers 96, Col. Nueva Anzurez, CP 11590 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre
- 0000 0001 2159 0001grid.9486.3Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Coordinación de la Investigación Científica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ (INCMNSZ), Calle Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14000 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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Sacchi S, Sena P, Degli Esposti C, Lui J, La Marca A. Evidence for expression and functionality of FSH and LH/hCG receptors in human endometrium. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35:1703-1712. [PMID: 29974367 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) mediate intracellular functions by binding their specific protein G-coupled gonadotrophin receptor, respectively FSH receptor (FSHR) and LH/choriogonadotrophin receptor (LHCGR). Whereas the expression of FSHR and LHCGR in mammals was considered gonad-specific and cell-specific, studies identified gonadotrophin receptors in human female extragonadal reproductive tissues. This study aims to demonstrate that gonadotrophin receptors are expressed in endometrium and mediates intracellular functions. METHODS Collected endometria (n = 12) from healthy patients (mean age of 36 ± 6) were primary cultured for 24 h. The presence of gonadotrophin receptors was evaluated by RT-PCR followed by the sequencing of the resulted amplicons and by immunohistochemistry in original samples. Endometrial primary cultures were treated with increasing concentration (range 0-100 ng/ml) of either recombinant human LH (rhLH) or recombinant human FSH (rhFSH). Endometria controls had gonadotrophin replaced by the same volume of the culture medium. In gonadotrophin-treated samples, it was evaluated the intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) content by enzymatic immunoassay and the expression of steroidogenic genes by reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS The sequencing of the RT-PCR amplicons confirmed the presence of both gonadotrophin receptors and immunohistochemistry localized them on the membrane of endometrial glands cells throughout the glandular epithelium. The gonadotrophin-receptor complex was able to increase the intracellular cAMP in a dose-response and time-course manner and to induce steroidogenic genes expression. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that both gonadotrophin receptors are expressed along the glandular epithelium of endometria and they mediate the effects of gonadotrophins on intracellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Sacchi
- Mother-Infant Department, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and Clinica Eugin Modena, 41123, Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Sena
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Section of Human Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Degli Esposti
- Mother-Infant Department, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and Clinica Eugin Modena, 41123, Modena, Italy
| | - Jessica Lui
- Mother-Infant Department, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and Clinica Eugin Modena, 41123, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio La Marca
- Mother-Infant Department, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and Clinica Eugin Modena, 41123, Modena, Italy.
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25
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Riccetti L, Klett D, Ayoub MA, Boulo T, Pignatti E, Tagliavini S, Varani M, Trenti T, Nicoli A, Capodanno F, La Sala GB, Reiter E, Simoni M, Casarini L. Heterogeneous hCG and hMG commercial preparations result in different intracellular signalling but induce a similar long-term progesterone response in vitro. Mol Hum Reprod 2018; 23:685-697. [PMID: 29044421 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gax047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are four urinary hCG/menotropin (hMG) and one recombinant preparation characterized by different molecular features and do they mediate specific intracellular signaling and steroidogenesis? SUMMARY ANSWER hCG and hMG preparations have heterogeneous compositions and mediate preparation-specific cell signaling and early steroidogenesis, although similar progesterone plateau levels are achieved in 24 h-treated human primary granulosa cells in vitro. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY hCG is the pregnancy hormone marketed as a drug for ARTs to induce final oocyte maturation and ovulation, and to support FSH action. Several hCG formulations are commercially available, differing in source, purification methods and biochemical composition. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Commercial hCG preparations for ART or research purposes were compared in vitro. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The different preparations were quantified by immunoassay with calibration against the hCG standard (Fifth IS; NIBSC 07/364). Immunoreactivity patterns, isoelectric points and oligosaccharide contents of hCGs were evaluated using reducing and non-reducing Western blotting, capillary isoelectric-focusing immunoassay and lectin-ELISA, respectively. Functional studies were performed in order to evaluate intracellular and total cAMP, progesterone production and β-arrestin 2 recruitment by ELISA and BRET, in both human primary granulosa lutein cells (hGLC) and luteinizing hormone (LH)/hCG receptor (LHCGR)-transfected HEK293 cells, stimulated by increasing hormone concentrations. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-test or Mann-Whitney's U-test as appropriate. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Heterogeneous profiles were found among preparations, revealing specific molecular weight patterns (20-75 KDa range), isoelectric points (4.0-9.0 pI range) and lectin binding (P < 0.05; n = 7-10). These drug-specific compositions were linked to different potencies on cAMP production (EC50 1.0-400.0 ng/ml range) and β-arrestin 2 recruitment (EC50 0.03-2.0 μg/ml) in hGLC and transfected HEK293 cells (P < 0.05; n = 3-5). In hGLC, these differences were reflected by preparation-specific 8-h progesterone production although similar plateau levels of progesterone were acheived by 24-h treatment (P ≥ 0.05; n = 3). LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The biological activity of commercial hCG/hMG preparations is provided in International Units (IU) by in-vivo bioassay and calibration against an International Standard, although it is an unsuitable unit of measure for in-vitro studies. The re-calibration against recombinant hCG,quantified in grams, is based on the assumption that all of the isoforms and glycosylation variants have similar immunoreactivity. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS hCG/hMG preparation-specific cell responses in vitro may be proposed to ART patients affected by peculiar ovarian response, such as that caused by polycystic ovary syndrome. Otherwise, all the preparations available for ART may provide a similar clinical outcome in healthy women. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by a grant of the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (PRIN 2015XCR88M). The authors have no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Riccetti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Danièle Klett
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- LE STUDIUM® Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, F-45000 Orléans, France
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thomas Boulo
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Elisa Pignatti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Simonetta Tagliavini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda USL, NOCSAE, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Manuela Varani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda USL, NOCSAE, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda USL, NOCSAE, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessia Nicoli
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS-Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, via Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesco Capodanno
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS-Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, via Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista La Sala
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS-Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, via Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Eric Reiter
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Geriatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, NOCSAE, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Sayers N, Hanyaloglu AC. Intracellular Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Trafficking and Signaling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:653. [PMID: 30450081 PMCID: PMC6225286 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Models of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling have dramatically altered over the past two decades. Indeed, GPCRs such as the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) have contributed to these new emerging models. We now understand that receptor signaling is highly organized at a spatial level, whereby signaling not only occurs from the plasma membrane but distinct intracellular compartments. Recent studies in the role of membrane trafficking and spatial organization of GPCR signaling in regulating gonadotropin hormone receptor activity has identified novel intracellular compartments, which are tightly linked with receptor signaling and reciprocally regulated by the cellular trafficking machinery. Understanding the impact of these cell biological mechanisms to physiology and pathophysiology is emerging for certain GPCRs. However, for FSHR, the potential impact in both health and disease and the therapeutic possibilities of these newly identified systems is currently unknown, but offers the potential to reassess prior strategies, or unveil novel opportunities, in targeting this receptor.
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Sacchi S, Marinaro F, Xella S, Marsella T, Tagliasacchi D, La Marca A. The anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) induces forkhead box L2 (FOXL2) expression in primary culture of human granulosa cells in vitro. J Assist Reprod Genet 2017; 34:1131-1136. [PMID: 28660501 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-017-0980-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and forkhead box L2 (FOXL2) are two pivotal genes expressed in human granulosa cells (hGCs) where both genes share similar inhibitory functions on activation and follicular growth in order to preserve the ovarian follicle reserve. Furthermore, AMH and FOXL2 contribute to inhibit steroidogenesis, decreasing or preventing the activation of gonadotrophin-dependent aromatase CYP19A1 cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1 (CYP19A1). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of AMH in regulating the expression of FOXL2. METHODS Primary cultures of hGCs were treated with increasing concentrations of recombinant human AMH (rhAMH; range 10-100 ng/ml) for 3 h. Negative controls were performed using corresponding amounts of AMH vehicle. Total RNA or proteins were purified and quantified by spectrophotometry. FOXL2 and CYP19A1 gene expression, normalized by reference gene ribosomal protein S7 (RpS7), was evaluated by RT-qPCR. Each reaction was repeated in triplicate. Statistical analysis was performed. Extracted proteins were analyzed by immunoblot using anti-FOXL2 and anti-β-actin as primary antibodies. RESULTS rhAMH treatments tested did not modulate the basal expression of aromatase CYP19A1 gene. rhAMH (50 ng/ml) was able to increase FOXL2 gene expression and its intracellular content. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the existence of an AMH-FOXL2 relationship in hGCs. AMH is capable of increasing both gene and protein expression of FOXL2. Because FOXL2 induces AMH transcription, these ovarian factors could be finely regulated by a positive feedback loop mechanism to preserve the ovarian follicle reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Sacchi
- Mother-Infant Department, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and Clinica Eugin Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100, Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Marinaro
- Mother-Infant Department, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and Clinica Eugin Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100, Modena, Italy
| | - Susanna Xella
- Mother-Infant Department, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and Clinica Eugin Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100, Modena, Italy
| | - Tiziana Marsella
- Mother-Infant Department, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and Clinica Eugin Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniela Tagliasacchi
- Mother-Infant Department, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and Clinica Eugin Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio La Marca
- Mother-Infant Department, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and Clinica Eugin Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100, Modena, Italy.
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Estrogen Modulates Specific Life and Death Signals Induced by LH and hCG in Human Primary Granulosa Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050926. [PMID: 28452938 PMCID: PMC5454839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) are glycoprotein hormones used for assisted reproduction acting on the same receptor (LHCGR) and mediating different intracellular signaling. We evaluated the pro- and anti-apoptotic effect of 100 pM LH or hCG, in the presence or in the absence of 200 pg/mL 17β-estradiol, in long-term, serum-starved human primary granulosa cells (hGLC) and a transfected granulosa cell line overexpressing LHCGR (hGL5/LHCGR). To this purpose, phospho-extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2), protein kinase B (pAKT), cAMP-responsive element binding protein (pCREB) activation and procaspase 3 cleavage were evaluated over three days by Western blotting, along with the expression of target genes by real-time PCR and cell viability by colorimetric assay. We found that LH induced predominant pERK1/2 and pAKT activation STARD1, CCND2 and anti-apoptotic XIAP gene expression, while hCG mediated more potent CREB phosphorylation, expression of CYP19A1 and procaspase 3 cleavage than LH. Cell treatment by LH is accompanied by increased (serum-starved) cell viability, while hCG decreased the number of viable cells. The hCG-specific, pro-apoptotic effect was blocked by a physiological dose of 17β-estradiol, resulting in pAKT activation, lack of procaspase 3 cleavage and increased cell viability. These results confirm that relatively high levels of steroidogenic pathway activation are linked to pro-apoptotic signals in vitro, which may be counteracted by other factors, i.e., estrogens.
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MicroRNA Mediating Networks in Granulosa Cells Associated with Ovarian Follicular Development. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4585213. [PMID: 28316977 PMCID: PMC5337806 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4585213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ovaries, which provide a place for follicular development and oocyte maturation, are important organs in female mammals. Follicular development is complicated physiological progress mediated by various regulatory factors including microRNAs (miRNAs). To demonstrate the role of miRNAs in follicular development, this study analyzed the expression patterns of miRNAs in granulosa cells through investigating three previous datasets generated by Illumina miRNA deep sequencing. Furthermore, via bioinformatic analyses, we dissected the associated functional networks of the observed significant miRNAs, in terms of interacting with signal pathways and transcription factors. During the growth and selection of dominant follicles, 15 dysregulated miRNAs and 139 associated pathways were screened out. In comparison of different styles of follicles, 7 commonly abundant miRNAs and 195 pathways, as well as 10 differentially expressed miRNAs and 117 pathways in dominant follicles in comparison with subordinate follicles, were collected. Furthermore, SMAD2 was identified as a hub factor in regulating follicular development. The regulation of miR-26a/b on smad2 messenger RNA has been further testified by real time PCR. In conclusion, we established functional networks which play critical roles in follicular development including pivotal miRNAs, pathways, and transcription factors, which contributed to the further investigation about miRNAs associated with mammalian follicular development.
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Riccetti L, De Pascali F, Gilioli L, Potì F, Giva LB, Marino M, Tagliavini S, Trenti T, Fanelli F, Mezzullo M, Pagotto U, Simoni M, Casarini L. Human LH and hCG stimulate differently the early signalling pathways but result in equal testosterone synthesis in mouse Leydig cells in vitro. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2017; 15:2. [PMID: 28056997 PMCID: PMC5217336 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-016-0224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human luteinizing hormone (LH) and chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) are glycoprotein hormones regulating development and reproductive functions by acting on the same receptor (LHCGR). We compared the LH and hCG activity in gonadal cells from male mouse in vitro, i.e. primary Leydig cells, which is a common tool used for gonadotropin bioassay. Murine Leydig cells are naturally expressing the murine LH receptor (mLhr), which binds human LH/hCG. METHODS Cultured Leydig cells were treated by increasing doses of recombinant LH and hCG, and cell signaling, gene expression and steroid synthesis were evaluated. RESULTS We found that hCG is about 10-fold more potent than LH in cAMP recruitment, and slightly but significantly more potent on cAMP-dependent Erk1/2 phosphorylation. However, no significant differences occur between LH and hCG treatments, measured as activation of downstream signals, such as Creb phosphorylation, Stard1 gene expression and testosterone synthesis. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that the responses to human LH/hCG are only quantitatively and not qualitatively different in murine cells, at least in terms of cAMP and Erk1/2 activation, and equal in activating downstream steroidogenic events. This is at odds with what we previously described in human primary granulosa cells, where LHCGR mediates a different pattern of signaling cascades, depending on the natural ligand. This finding is relevant for gonadotropin quantification used in the official pharmacopoeia, which are based on murine, in vivo bioassay and rely on the evaluation of long-term, testosterone-dependent effects mediated by rodent receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Riccetti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, NOCSAE, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco De Pascali
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, NOCSAE, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Lisa Gilioli
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, NOCSAE, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Potì
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, NOCSAE, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Parma, via Voltuno 39/E, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Lavinia Beatrice Giva
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, NOCSAE, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Marino
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, NOCSAE, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Simonetta Tagliavini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda USL. NOCSAE, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda USL. NOCSAE, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Flaminia Fanelli
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (C.R.B.A.), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital. Alma Mater University of Bologna, via G. Massarenti 9, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Mezzullo
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (C.R.B.A.), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital. Alma Mater University of Bologna, via G. Massarenti 9, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Uberto Pagotto
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (C.R.B.A.), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital. Alma Mater University of Bologna, via G. Massarenti 9, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, NOCSAE, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Geriatrics, Azienda USL. NOCSAE, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, NOCSAE, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Casarini L, Reiter E, Simoni M. β-arrestins regulate gonadotropin receptor-mediated cell proliferation and apoptosis by controlling different FSHR or LHCGR intracellular signaling in the hGL5 cell line. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 437:11-21. [PMID: 27502035 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gonadotropin signaling classically involves proliferative, steroidogenic and apoptotic stimuli. In this study, we used the human granulosa cell line hGL5 to demonstrate how follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) differently control proliferative or apoptotic signals, revealing novel intrinsic properties of their receptors (FSHR, LHCGR). We found that, in this tumor-like cell line, the expression of endogenous FSHR and LHCGR is serum-dependent, but both receptors were unable to activate the canonical cAMP/PKA pathway upon gonadotropin stimulation, failing to produce cAMP, progesterone and G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated apoptosis in vitro. Conversely, ligand treatment resulted in FSHR- and LHCGR-mediated ERK1/2 phosphorylation and cell proliferation due to receptor coupling to β-arrestins. The inactive cAMP/PKA pathway was unlocked by siRNA-mediated knock-down of β-arrestin 1 and 2, leading to progesterone synthesis and apoptosis. Surprisingly, FSH, but not LH treatment accelerated the cAMP/PKA-mediated apoptosis after β-arrestin silencing, an effect which could be reproduced by overexpressing the FSHR, but not the LHCGR. This work demonstrates that the expression of FSHR and LHCGR can be induced in hGL5 cells but that the FSHR-dependent cAMP/PKA pathway is constitutively silenced, possibly to protect cells from FSHR-cAMP-PKA-induced apoptosis. Also, we revealed previously unrecognized features intrinsic to the two structurally similar gonadotropin receptors, oppositely resulting in the regulation of life and death signals in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Eric Reiter
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Azienda USL, NOCSAE, Modena, Italy
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Sacchi S, Marinaro F, Tondelli D, Lui J, Xella S, Marsella T, Tagliasacchi D, Argento C, Tirelli A, Giulini S, La Marca A. Modulation of gonadotrophin induced steroidogenic enzymes in granulosa cells by d-chiroinositol. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2016; 14:52. [PMID: 27582109 PMCID: PMC5006365 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-016-0189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND d-chiroinositol (DCI) is a inositolphosphoglycan (IPG) involved in several cellular functions that control the glucose metabolism. DCI functions as second messenger in the insulin signaling pathway and it is considered an insulin sensitizer since deficiency in tissue availability of DCI were shown to cause insulin resistance (IR). Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a pathological condition that is often accompanied with insulin resistance. DCI can positively affects several aspect of PCOS etiology decreasing the total and free testosterone, lowering blood pressure, improving the glucose metabolism and increasing the ovulation frequency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of DCI and insulin combined with gonadotrophins namely follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) on key steroidogenic enzymes genes regulation, cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1 (CYP19A1) and cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage (P450scc) in primary cultures of human granulosa cells (hGCs). We also investigated whether DCI, being an insulin-sensitizer would be able to counteract the expected stimulator activity of insulin on human granulosa cells (hGCs). METHODS The study was conducted on primary cultures of hGCs. Gene expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR method. Statistical analysis was performed applying student t-test, as appropriate (P < 0.05) set for statistical significance. RESULTS DCI is able to reduce the gene expression of CYP19A1, P450scc and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) in dose-response manner. The presence of DCI impaired the increased expression of steroidogenic enzyme genes generated by the insulin treatment in gonadotrophin-stimulated hGCs. CONCLUSIONS Insulin acts as co-gonadotrophin increasing the expression of steroidogenic enzymes genes in gonadotrophin-stimulated granulosa cells. DCI is an insulin-sensitizer that counteracts this action by reducing the expression of the genes CYP19A1, P450scc and IGF-1R. The ability of DCI to modulate in vitro ovarian activity of insulin could in part explain its beneficial effect when used as treatment for conditions associated to insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Sacchi
- Mother-Infant Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del pozzo 41, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Marinaro
- Mother-Infant Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del pozzo 41, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Debora Tondelli
- Mother-Infant Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del pozzo 41, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Jessica Lui
- Mother-Infant Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del pozzo 41, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Susanna Xella
- Mother-Infant Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del pozzo 41, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Tiziana Marsella
- Mother-Infant Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del pozzo 41, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Daniela Tagliasacchi
- Mother-Infant Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del pozzo 41, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Cindy Argento
- Mother-Infant Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del pozzo 41, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Tirelli
- Mother-Infant Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del pozzo 41, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Simone Giulini
- Mother-Infant Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del pozzo 41, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio La Marca
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and Clinica Eugin Modena, Modena, Italy
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Maraldi T, Resca E, Nicoli A, Beretti F, Zavatti M, Capodanno F, Morini D, Palomba S, La Sala GB, De Pol A. NADPH oxidase-4 and MATER expressions in granulosa cells: Relationships with ovarian aging. Life Sci 2016; 162:108-14. [PMID: 27515505 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Relevant roles in follicular development and ovulation are played by maternal antigen that embryos require (MATER), product of a maternal effect gene, and by reactive oxygen species (ROS), indispensable for the induction of ovulatory genes. At the moment, the relationship between these two biological systems and their involvement in the ovarian aging have not been still clarified. The aim of the current experimental study was to analyse the age-related changes of the MATER and NOX proteins. MATERIALS AND METHODS MATER and ROS homeostasis was studied in granulosa cells (GCs) and cumulus cells (CCs) of infertile patients who undergone oocyte retrieval for in vitro fertilization cycles using Western blot and confocal immunofluorescence analysis. Samples were obtained from subjects with age≥40years (cases) and with age≤37years (controls). KEY FINDINGS The expression pattern of MATER and NOX observed in GCs was not different from that observed in CCs. High levels of both proteins were detected in the control samples. A significant lower expression of both MATER and NOX4 was observed in the case versus control samples. SIGNIFICANCE The expression of MATER and NOX4 proteins are closely related to the follicular development and ovulation with particular regard for ovarian aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tullia Maraldi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | | | - Alessia Nicoli
- Unit of Obstetrics & Gynecology, IRCCS-ASMN of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Francesca Beretti
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Manuela Zavatti
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Francesco Capodanno
- Unit of Obstetrics & Gynecology, IRCCS-ASMN of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Daria Morini
- Unit of Obstetrics & Gynecology, IRCCS-ASMN of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Stefano Palomba
- Unit of Obstetrics & Gynecology, IRCCS-ASMN of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Giovanni B La Sala
- Unit of Obstetrics & Gynecology, IRCCS-ASMN of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy; University of Modena e Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Anto De Pol
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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Busch AS, Hagen CP, Almstrup K, Main KM, Juul A. Genetic variations altering FSH action affect circulating hormone levels as well as follicle growth in healthy peripubertal girls. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:897-904. [PMID: 26905078 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do variants of the genes encoding follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) beta subunit (B) and FSH receptor (R) impact circulating reproductive hormone levels and ovarian follicle maturation in healthy peripubertal girls? SUMMARY ANSWER FSHB and FSHR genetic variants exert, alone or their combination, distinct effects on reproductive hormone levels as well as ovarian follicle maturation in healthy peripubertal girls. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY FSHB and FSHR genetic variants impact reproductive hormone levels as well as associated pathologies in women. While FSHR c. 2039A>G is known to alter gonadotrophin levels in women, FSHR c.-29G>A has not yet been shown to exert effect and there are conflicting results concerning FSHB c.-211G>T. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This population-based study included 633 girls recruited as part of two cohorts, the COPENHAGEN Puberty Study (2006-2014, a cross-sectional and ongoing longitudinal study) and the Copenhagen Mother-Child Cohort (1997-2002, including transabdominal ultrasound (TAUS) of the ovaries in a subset of 91 peripubertal girls). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Clinical examinations, including pubertal breast stage (Tanner's classification B1-B5) were performed. Circulating levels of FSH, luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin-B were assessed by immunoassays. In a subset of the girls (n = 91), ovarian volume and the number/size of antral follicles were assessed by TAUS. Genotypes were determined by competitive PCR. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE FSHR c.2039A>G minor alleles were positively associated with serum FSH (β = 0.08, P = 0.004), LH (β = 0.06, P = 0.012) and estradiol (β = 0.06, P = 0.017) (adjusted for Tanner stages). In a combined model, FSHR c.-29G>A and FSHR c.2039A>G alleles were positively associated with FSH levels in early-pubertal girls (B2 + B3, n = 327, r = 0.1, P = 0.02) and in young adolescents (B4 + B5, n = 149, r = 0.2, P = 0.01). Serum AMH and inhibin B levels were not significantly influenced by the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Single SNPs were not associated with follicles counts, however, a cumulative minor allele count (FSHB c.-211 G>T and FSHR c.-29G>A) was negatively associated with the number of large follicles (≥5 mm) (n = 91, P = 0.04) (adjusted for Tanner stages). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Since we studied girls and young adolescents during pubertal transition, our study may not be fully comparable with previous studies on FSHB and FSHR variants in adult women. The group of young adolescents (Tanner B4 + B5) reflects the endocrine situation in adult women best, however, the group is not large enough to contribute substantially to the conflicting results concerning the influence of FSHB c.-211G>T in adult women. Furthermore, we have no information about the exact day of the menstrual cycle in the subgroup of girls with menarche. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The sex-specific interaction of FSHB and FSHR genetic variants and physiological as well as pathological conditions is being increasingly elucidated. The variant triplet set might serve as diagnostic and pharmacogenetic marker. For the first time, we show an additional effect of FSHR c.-29G>A on serum FSH levels in healthy girls. Moreover, morphological data suggest impaired FSH-induced maturation of ovarian follicles in minor allele carriers of FSHB c.-211G>T and FSHR c.-29G>A. This may explain previous findings of delayed pubertal onset in these girls. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS Funding was provided by the Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation (09-067180), Danish Ministry of the Environment, CeHoS (MST-621-00065), Capital Region of Denmark (December 2011), Ministry of Higher Education and Science (DFF-1331-00113) and EDMaRC (Danish Ministry of Health). A.S.B. was funded from December 2015 by ReproUnion (EU Interreg Öresund-Kattegat-Skagerrak). The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Busch
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, Section 5064, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - Casper P Hagen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, Section 5064, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - Kristian Almstrup
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, Section 5064, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - Katharina M Main
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, Section 5064, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, Section 5064, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark
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Casarini L, Riccetti L, De Pascali F, Nicoli A, Tagliavini S, Trenti T, La Sala GB, Simoni M. Follicle-stimulating hormone potentiates the steroidogenic activity of chorionic gonadotropin and the anti-apoptotic activity of luteinizing hormone in human granulosa-lutein cells in vitro. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 422:103-114. [PMID: 26690776 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and choriogonadotropin (hCG) are glycoprotein hormones regulating ovarian function and pregnancy, respectively. Since these molecules act on the same receptor (LHCGR), they were traditionally assumed as equivalent in assisted reproduction techniques (ART), although differences between LH and hCG were demonstrated at molecular and physiological level. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that co-treatment with a follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) dose in the ART therapeutic range potentiates different LH- and hCG-dependent responses in vitro, measured in terms of cAMP, phospho-CREB, -ERK1/2 and -AKT activation, gene expression, progesterone and estradiol production in human granulosa-lutein cells (hGLC). We show that in the presence of FSH, hCG biopotency is about 5-fold increased, in the presence of FSH, in terms of cAMP activation. Accordingly, CREB phosphorylation and steroid production is increased under hCG and FSH co-treatment. LH effects, evaluated as steroidogenic cAMP/PKA pathway activation, do not change in the presence of FSH, which, however, increases LH-dependent ERK1/2 and AKT, but not CREB phosphorylation, resulting in anti-apoptotic effects. The different modulatory activity of FSH on LH and hCG action in vitro corresponds to their different physiological functions, reflecting proliferative effects exerted by LH during the follicular phase and before trophoblast development, and the high steroidogenic potential of hCG requested to sustain pregnancy from the luteal phase onwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Center for the Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Laura Riccetti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco De Pascali
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessia Nicoli
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS-Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Battista La Sala
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS-Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Dept. of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Center for the Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Dept. of Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Geriatrics, Azienda USL, Modena, Italy
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Lindgren I, Bååth M, Uvebrant K, Dejmek A, Kjaer L, Henic E, Bungum M, Bungum L, Cilio C, Leijonhufvud I, Skouby S, Andersen CY, Giwercman YL. Combined assessment of polymorphisms in the LHCGR and FSHR genes predict chance of pregnancy after in vitro fertilization. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:672-83. [PMID: 26769719 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can gonadotrophin receptor variants separately or in combination, be used for the prediction of pregnancy chances in in vitro fertilization (IVF) trials? SUMMARY ANSWER The luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotrophin receptor (LHCGR) variant N312S and the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) variant N680S can be utilized for the prediction of pregnancy chances in women undergoing IVF. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The FSHR N680S polymorphism has been shown to affect the ovarian response in response to gonadotrophin treatment, while no information is currently available regarding variants of the LHCGR in this context. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Cross-sectional study, duration from September 2010 to February 2015. Women undergoing IVF were consecutively enrolled and genetic variants compared between those who became pregnant and those who did not. The study was subsequently replicated in an independent sample. Granulosa cells from a subset of women were investigated regarding functionality of the genetic variants. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Women undergoing IVF (n = 384) were enrolled in the study and genotyped. Clinical variables were retrieved from medical records. For replication, an additional group of n = 233 women was utilized. Granulosa cells from n = 135 women were isolated by flow cytometry, stimulated with Follitropin alpha or Menotropin, and the downstream targets 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Women homozygous for serine (S) in both polymorphisms displayed higher pregnancy rates than women homozygous asparagine (N) (OR = 14.4, 95% CI: [1.65, 126], P = 0.016). Higher pregnancy rates were also evident for women carrying LHCGR S312, regardless of FSHR variant (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: [1.13, 2.29], P = 0.008). These women required higher doses of FSH for follicle recruitment than women homozygous N (161 versus 148 IU, P = 0.030). When combining the study cohort with the replication cohort (n = 606), even stronger associations with pregnancy rates were noted for the combined genotypes (OR = 11.5, 95% CI: [1.86, 71.0], P = 0.009) and for women carrying LHCGR S312 (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: [1.14, 1.96], P = 0.004). A linear significant trend with pregnancy rate and increasing number of G alleles was also evident in the merged study population (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: [1.10, 1.64], P = 0.004). A lower cAMP response in granulosa cells was noted following Follitropin alpha stimulation for women homozygous N in both polymorphisms, compared with women with other genotypes (0.901 pmol cAMP/mg total protein versus 2.19 pmol cAMP/mg total protein, P = 0.035). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Due to racial differences in LHCGR genotype distribution, these results may not be applicable for all populations. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Despite that >250 000 cycles of gonadotrophin stimulations are performed annually worldwide prior to IVF, it has not been possible to predict neither the pregnancy outcome, nor the response to the hormone with accuracy. If LHCGR and FSHR variants are recognized as biomarkers for chance of pregnancy, more individualized and thereby more efficient treatment modalities can be developed. STUDY FUNDING, COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported by Interreg IV A, EU (grant 167158) and ALF governments grant (F2014/354). Merck-Serono (Darmstadt, Germany) supported the enrollment of the subjects. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lindgren
- Department of Translational Medicine, Molecular Genetic Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Building 91, Plan 10, SE 20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Bååth
- Department of Translational Medicine, Molecular Genetic Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Building 91, Plan 10, SE 20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - K Uvebrant
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cellular Autoimmunity Unit, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Building 91, Plan 10, SE 20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Dejmek
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University and Regional Laboratories, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 59, SE 20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - L Kjaer
- Department of Translational Medicine, Molecular Genetic Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Building 91, Plan 10, SE 20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - E Henic
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 47, Plan 3, SE 20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Bungum
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 47, Plan 3, SE 20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - L Bungum
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - C Cilio
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cellular Autoimmunity Unit, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Building 91, Plan 10, SE 20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - I Leijonhufvud
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 47, Plan 3, SE 20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - S Skouby
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - C Yding Andersen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Y Lundberg Giwercman
- Department of Translational Medicine, Molecular Genetic Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Building 91, Plan 10, SE 20502 Malmö, Sweden
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Casarini L, Brigante G, Simoni M, Santi D. Clinical Applications of Gonadotropins in the Female: Assisted Reproduction and Beyond. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 143:85-119. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Sacchi S, D'Ippolito G, Sena P, Marsella T, Tagliasacchi D, Maggi E, Argento C, Tirelli A, Giulini S, La Marca A. The anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) acts as a gatekeeper of ovarian steroidogenesis inhibiting the granulosa cell response to both FSH and LH. J Assist Reprod Genet 2015; 33:95-100. [PMID: 26631403 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-015-0615-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Anti Müllerian Hormone (AMH) has a negative and inhibitory role in many functions of human granulosa-lutein cells (hGCs) including notoriously the reduction of the aromatase CYP19A1 expression induced by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). No data have been provided on the possible role of AMH in modulating the response to luteinizing hormone (LH) (alone or combined with FSH) as well as its effect on other enzymes involved in steroidogenesis including aromatase P450scc. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of AMH as regulator of the basal and stimulated steroids production by hGCs. METHODS Primary culture of hGCs were incubated with hormones AMH, LH, and FSH, alone or in combination. The CYP19A1 and P450scc messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, normalized by housekeeping ribosomal protein S7 (RpS7) gene, was evaluated by reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Each reaction was repeated in triplicate. Negative controls using corresponding amount of vehicle control for each hormone treatment were performed. RESULT AMH did not modulate the basal mRNA expression of both aromatase genes at any of the concentrations tested. Meanwhile, the strong mRNA induction of CYP19A1 and P450scc generated by a 24-h gonadotropin treatment (alone and combined) was suppressed by 20 ng/ml AMH added to culture medium. CONCLUSIONS These findings contribute in clarifying the relationship between hormones regulating the early phase of steroidogenesis confirming that AMH is playing a suppressive role on CYP19A1 expression stimulated by gonadotropin in hGCs. Furthermore, a similar inhibitory effect for AMH was observed on P450scc gene expression when activated by gonadotropin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Sacchi
- Mother-Infant Department, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, 41100, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni D'Ippolito
- Mother-Infant Department, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, 41100, Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Sena
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Section of Human Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Tiziana Marsella
- Mother-Infant Department, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, 41100, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniela Tagliasacchi
- Mother-Infant Department, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, 41100, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Maggi
- Mother-Infant Department, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, 41100, Modena, Italy
| | - Cindy Argento
- Mother-Infant Department, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, 41100, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Tirelli
- Mother-Infant Department, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, 41100, Modena, Italy
| | - Simone Giulini
- Mother-Infant Department, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, 41100, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio La Marca
- Mother-Infant Department, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, 41100, Modena, Italy.
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Song J, Luo S, Li SW. miRNA-592 is downregulated and may target LHCGR in polycystic ovary syndrome patients. Reprod Biol 2015; 15:229-37. [PMID: 26679164 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder mainly associated with infertility. Abnormal regulation of relevant genes is required for follicular development in PCOS. In the current study, the expression of serum miRNAs of PCOS patients was explored using miRNA array followed by qRT-PCR assays. The circulating level of miR-592 was significantly down-regulated in PCOS patients in comparison with healthy controls. Furthermore, we found that miR-592 was inversely correlated with the level of luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR). Computational analysis predicted that miR-592 interacts with the LHCGR mRNA via binding to a site located in the 3'UTR region. Using a luciferase-based reporter assay we found that miR-592 directly targeted the LHCGR. In KGN cell line, miR-592 overexpression inhibited cell viability and the transition of phase G1 to phase S. Knocking down of LHCGR inhibited cell viability and cell cycle progression in KGN cells, and LHCGR co-transfection reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-592. These results shed new light on the diagnosis and treatment of PCOS syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Song
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Shan Luo
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Shang-Wei Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, China.
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Cordes A, Kiesel L, Schüring A. FSH-Rezeptor-Polymorphismen und kontrollierte ovarielle Stimulation. GYNAKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-015-0007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Huang X, Li L, Hong L, Zhou W, Shi H, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Sun X, Du J. The Ser680Asn polymorphism in the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor gene is associated with the ovarian response in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015; 82:577-83. [PMID: 25132286 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Polymorphisms in the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) gene are reported to be associated with the ovarian response in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH), although there remains some discordance between studies. Here, using the largest patient sample to date, we evaluated the association of the p.Ser680Asn (S(680)N) polymorphism in the FSHR gene with the outcome of COH. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Medical academy and hospital. PATIENTS A total of 1250 infertile Chinese women undergoing IVF/ICIS-ET treatment were included. MEASURES The association between an FSHR polymorphism (S(680)N) and the ovarian response was analysed. Genotyping was performed by utilizing direct sequencing and the Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX platform. Follicular fluid oestradiol (E₂) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations were determined using electrochemiluminesence immunoassays. The ovarian response parameters were analysed based on the FSHR genotypes. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for the risk genotypes and alleles. RESULTS There were linear correlations between the basal FSH level, exogenous gonadotropin consumption, and oocytes retrieved and the Ser680 alleles. Patients in the homozygous SS group demonstrated higher basal FSH levels, required more dosage of exogenous gonadotropin for ovarian stimulation, and had fewer numbers of oocytes retrieved compared with patients in the homozygous NN and heterozygous groups. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the OR of a poor ovarian response for the NS genotype was 1·79 (95% CI 1·28-2·61; P < 0·001), whereas that for the SS genotype was 2·25 (95% CI 1·40-3·58; P < 0·001) after adjusting for age, BMI and basal FSH level. The concentration of E2 in the follicular fluid was significantly higher in subjects with the NN genotype than the SS genotype (772 ± 545 ng/ml vs. 1299 ± 504 ng/ml). CONCLUSIONS Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor gene polymorphism at position 680 is associated with different ovarian responses to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Huang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NPFPC Laboratory of Contraception and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
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Kollmann Z, Bersinger NA, McKinnon BD, Schneider S, Mueller MD, von Wolff M. Anti-Müllerian hormone and progesterone levels produced by granulosa cells are higher when derived from natural cycle IVF than from conventional gonadotropin-stimulated IVF. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:21. [PMID: 25889012 PMCID: PMC4379743 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study was designed to compare the effect of in vitro FSH stimulation on the hormone production and gene expression profile of granulosa cells (GCs) isolated from single naturally matured follicles obtained from natural cycle in vitro fertilization (NC-IVF) with granulosa cells obtained from conventional gonadotropin-stimulated IVF (c-IVF). METHODS Lutein granulosa cells from the dominant follicle were isolated and cultured in absence or presence of recombinant FSH. The cultures were run for 48 h and six days. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and FSH receptor were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). AMH protein and progesterone concentration (P4) in cultured supernatant were measured by ELISA and RIA. RESULTS Our results showed that the mRNA expression of AMH was significantly higher in GCs from NC- than from c-IVF on day 6 after treatment with FSH (1 IU/mL). The FSH stimulation increased the concentration of AMH in the culture supernatant of GCs from NC-IVF compared with cells from c-IVF. In the culture medium, the AMH level was correlated significantly and positively to progesterone concentration. CONCLUSIONS Differences in the levels of AMH and progesterone released into the medium by cultured GC as well as in AMH gene expression were observed between GCs obtained under natural and stimulated IVF protocols. The results suggest that artificial gonadotropin stimulation may have an effect on the intra-follicular metabolism. A significant positive correlation between AMH and progesterone may suggest progesterone as a factor influencing AMH secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa Kollmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inselspital Berne, Berne University Hospital, Effingerstrasse 102, 3010, Berne, Switzerland.
| | - Nick A Bersinger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inselspital Berne, Berne University Hospital, Effingerstrasse 102, 3010, Berne, Switzerland.
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Berne, Murtenstrasse 35, 3010, Berne, Switzerland.
| | - Brett D McKinnon
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Berne, Murtenstrasse 35, 3010, Berne, Switzerland.
| | - Sophie Schneider
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inselspital Berne, Berne University Hospital, Effingerstrasse 102, 3010, Berne, Switzerland.
| | - Michael D Mueller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inselspital Berne, Berne University Hospital, Effingerstrasse 102, 3010, Berne, Switzerland.
| | - Michael von Wolff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inselspital Berne, Berne University Hospital, Effingerstrasse 102, 3010, Berne, Switzerland.
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Borgbo T, Jeppesen J, Lindgren I, Lundberg Giwercman Y, Hansen L, Yding Andersen C. Effect of the FSH receptor single nucleotide polymorphisms (FSHR 307/680) on the follicular fluid hormone profile and the granulosa cell gene expression in human small antral follicles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:255-61. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gau106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Hagen CP, Sørensen K, Aksglaede L, Mouritsen A, Mieritz MG, Tinggaard J, Wohlfart-Veje C, Petersen JH, Main KM, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Almstrup K, Juul A. Pubertal onset in girls is strongly influenced by genetic variation affecting FSH action. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6412. [PMID: 25231187 PMCID: PMC4166707 DOI: 10.1038/srep06412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Age at pubertal onset varies substantially in healthy girls. Although genetic factors are responsible for more than half of the phenotypic variation, only a small part has been attributed to specific genetic polymorphisms identified so far. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates ovarian follicle maturation and estradiol synthesis which is responsible for breast development. We assessed the effect of three polymorphisms influencing FSH action on age at breast deveopment in a population-based cohort of 964 healthy girls. Girls homozygous for FSHR -29AA (reduced FSH receptor expression) entered puberty 7.4 (2.5–12.4) months later than carriers of the common variants FSHR -29GG+GA, p = 0.003. To our knowledge, this is the strongest genetic effect on age at pubertal onset in girls published to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper P Hagen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaspar Sørensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Aksglaede
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette Mouritsen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel G Mieritz
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanette Tinggaard
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christine Wohlfart-Veje
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Holm Petersen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katharina M Main
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ewa Rajpert-De Meyts
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Almstrup
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Casarini L, Moriondo V, Marino M, Adversi F, Capodanno F, Grisolia C, La Marca A, La Sala GB, Simoni M. FSHR polymorphism p.N680S mediates different responses to FSH in vitro. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 393:83-91. [PMID: 24970684 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The single nucleotide polymorphism p.N680S of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor (FSHR) is a discrete marker of ovarian response but previous in vitro studies failed to demonstrate differences in the response to FSH between N and S carrier cells. Here we demonstrate that p.N680S mediates different kinetics of the response to FSH in vitro. Intracellular cAMP production is faster in p.N680S N than in S homozygous human granulosa cells (45 versus 90 min to achieve the plateau, respectively; Mann-Whitney's U-test; p < 0.005; n = 4). Reflecting the cAMP kinetics, phospho-ERK1/2 and -CREB activation, AREG and STARD1 gene expressions and progesterone production were qualitatively and quantitatively different in N versus S homozygous cells. Finally, the blockade of ERK pathway by U0126 abolishes the genotype-mediated different effects on gene expression and progesterone production (Mann-Whitney's U-test; p ≥ 0.005; n = 3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Valeria Moriondo
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Marino
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Adversi
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS-Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesco Capodanno
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS-Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Chiarina Grisolia
- Dept. of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Laboratory of Chemical-Clinical Analysis, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio La Marca
- Dept. of Medical and Mother-Infant and Adult Surgical Sciences, Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista La Sala
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS-Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Dept. of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Azienda USL, Modena, Italy
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Troppmann B, Kossack N, Nordhoff V, Schüring AN, Gromoll J. MicroRNA miR-513a-3p acts as a co-regulator of luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor gene expression in human granulosa cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 390:65-72. [PMID: 24747085 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) is essential for normal male and female reproductive processes. The spatial and temporal LHCGR gene expression is controlled by a complex system of regulatory mechanisms which are crucial for normal physiological function, especially during the female cycle. In this study, we aimed to elucidate whether microRNAs are involved in this network and play a role in regulating LHCGR expression. Computational analysis predicted that miR-513a-3p interacts with the LHCGR mRNA via three binding sites located in the 3'UTR region, enabling a synergistic action. Moreover, using a luciferase-based reporter assay we found that miR-513a-3p targets the LHCGR, resulting in a significant down-regulation of its expression. In human primary granulosa cell cultures we detected a dynamic, inversely associated expression pattern of miR-513a-3p and the LHCGR. In addition, transfection with miR-513a-3p or its specific inhibitor led to a down- or up-regulation at the LHCGR mRNA level, respectively. An increased amount of miR-513a-3p resulted in the down-regulation of the LHCGR mRNA, reflected by the attenuation of cAMP synthesis after hormonal stimulation. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that miR-513a-3p is involved in the control of the LHCGR expression by an inversely regulated mechanism at the post-transcriptional level and show for the first time that this kind of post-transcriptional process contributes to the multifaceted system of the human LHCGR regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Troppmann
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - N Kossack
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - V Nordhoff
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - A N Schüring
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - J Gromoll
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
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Stilley JA, Guan R, Duffy DM, Segaloff DL. Signaling through FSH receptors on human umbilical vein endothelial cells promotes angiogenesis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E813-20. [PMID: 24527712 PMCID: PMC4010687 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The FSH receptor (FSHR) is traditionally thought to play a role in female reproductive physiology solely within the context of ovarian FSHR. However, FSHR is also expressed in endothelial cells of the placental vasculature and human umbilical cord vessels, suggesting additional facets of female reproduction regulated by extragonadal FSHR. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the functional role of FSHR on human umbilical cord endothelial cells (HUVECs), hypothesizing that activation of the FSHR would stimulate angiogenesis. DESIGN The ability of FSH to stimulate several angiogenic processes in HUVECs was determined. SETTING This was a laboratory-based study using commercially prepared HUVECs. RESULTS Tube formation, wound healing, cell migration, cell proliferation, nitric oxide production, and cell survival were stimulated in response to FSH. Quantitative comparisons between HUVECs incubated with maximally stimulatory concentrations of FSH vs vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a well-characterized angiogenic factor, revealed that FSH is as efficacious as VEGF in promoting angiogenic processes. FSH did not provoke increased secretion of VEGF by HUVECs, suggesting the direct stimulation of angiogenic processes by FSH in endothelial cells. In contrast to gonadal cells, the FSHR on HUVECs did not mediate an FSH-stimulated increase in cAMP. However, increased phosphorylation of AKT in response to FSH was observed, suggesting that FSH stimulation of HUVEC FSHR stimulates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our studies reveal a novel role for FSHR in female reproductive physiology. Its ability to promote angiogenesis in placental endothelial cells suggests that the FSHR may have an influential role in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Stilley
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology (J.A.S., R.G., D.L.S.), The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; and Department of Physiological Sciences (D.M.D.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23508
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the pharmacogenetic potential of FSH for infertility treatment. DESIGN Review of the literature and genomic databases. METHODS Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assessed: rs6166 (c.2039A>G, p.N680S), rs6165 (c.919A>G, p.T307A), rs1394205 (c.-29G>A) in FSHR, and rs10835638 (c.-211G>T) in FSHB. Literature search via PubMed. Blast analysis of genomic information available in the NCBI nucleotide database. Comparison of allele frequency and haplotype distribution using the http://spsmart.cesga.estool. RESULTS All these SNPs appear first in Homo, result in reduced FSH action, and are present with variable frequencies and combinations worldwide. Stringent clinical studies demonstrate that the FSHR genotype influences serum FSH levels and gonadal response in both sexes. Serum FSH levels depend on the -211G>T SNP, influencing transcriptional activity of the FSHB promoter. Genotypes reducing FSH action are overrepresented in infertile subjects. CONCLUSIONS Although the clinical relevance of the FSHR polymorphisms alone is limited, the combination of FSHR and FSHB genotypes has a much stronger impact than either one alone in both sexes. About 20% of people are carriers of the alleles associated with lower serum FSH levels/reduced FSHR expression or activity, possibly less favorable for reproduction. Prospective studies need to investigate whether stratification of infertile patients according to their FSHR-FSHB genotypes improves clinical efficacy of FSH treatment compared with the current, naïve approach. A relative enrichment of less favorable FSHR-FSHB genotypes may be related to changes in human reproductive strategies and be a marker of some health-related advantage at the cost of reduced fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, NOCSAE, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Giardini 1355, I- 41126 Modena, Italy
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Desai SS, Roy BS, Mahale SD. Mutations and polymorphisms in FSH receptor: functional implications in human reproduction. Reproduction 2013; 146:R235-48. [PMID: 24051057 DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
FSH brings about its physiological actions by activating a specific receptor located on target cells. Normal functioning of the FSH receptor (FSHR) is crucial for follicular development and estradiol production in females and for the regulation of Sertoli cell function and spermatogenesis in males. In the last two decades, the number of inactivating and activating mutations, single nucleotide polymorphisms, and spliced variants of FSHR gene has been identified in selected infertile cases. Information on genotype-phenotype correlation and in vitro functional characterization of the mutants has helped in understanding the possible genetic cause for female infertility in affected individuals. The information is also being used to dissect various extracellular and intracellular events involved in hormone-receptor interaction by studying the differences in the properties of the mutant receptor when compared with WT receptor. Studies on polymorphisms in the FSHR gene have shown variability in clinical outcome among women treated with FSH. These observations are being explored to develop molecular markers to predict the optimum dose of FSH required for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Pharmacogenetics is an emerging field in this area that aims at designing individual treatment protocols for reproductive abnormalities based on FSHR gene polymorphisms. The present review discusses the current knowledge of various genetic alterations in FSHR and their impact on receptor function in the female reproductive system.
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Hagen CP, Aksglaede L, Sørensen K, Mouritsen A, Mieritz MG, Main KM, Petersen JH, Almstrup K, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Anderson RA, Juul A. FSHB-211 and FSHR 2039 are associated with serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and antimüllerian hormone in healthy girls: a longitudinal cohort study. Fertil Steril 2013; 100:1089-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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