1
|
Pasińska M, Łazarczyk E, Repczyńska A, Sobczyńska-Tomaszewska A, Zimowski J, Runge A, Haus O. Clinical Importance of aCGH in Genetic Counselling of Children with Psychomotor Retardation. Appl Clin Genet 2022; 15:27-38. [PMID: 35603035 PMCID: PMC9116409 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s357136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The X and Y chromosomes are responsible for the determination and differentiation of the gonads, and their numerical and structural abnormalities may cause the abnormal development of secondary sex characteristics. The presence of abnormalities concerning X chromosome can also contribute to many genetically heterogeneous diseases associated with cognitive impairment and intellectual disability. Purpose This study shows the effect of aberrations of the maternal X chromosome on the abnormal development of the child. Patients and Methods Ten women aged 26 to 40 years were consulted in genetic counselling clinic and subsequently subjected to cytogenetic and molecular tests due to abnormal psychomotor development of their children, in whom structural aberrations of the X chromosome had been detected. Results Two women were diagnosed with changes in karyotype: 46,X,der(X)t(X;Y)(p22.3;q11.2) in one and 46,X,inv(X)(p21.2q13). Five women were diagnosed with microduplications in the short arm of the X chromosome; dupXp22.31 in one, and in four women dupXp22.33. The remaining three women were diagnosed with duplication in the long arm of the X chromosome; dupXq25 in one and dupXq26.3 in two women. Conclusion Genetic analysis of the X chromosome, based on cytogenetic and molecular methods of the highest available resolution, is extremely important in women with reproductive failure. These methods allow establishing accurately the breakpoints and rearrangements in chromosomes, and assessment of the copy number variation (CNV) can explain phenotypic variability with apparently similar aberrations. A more precise characterization of the alterations is necessary for the correct genetic diagnosis, as well as determination of the carrier status and genetic risk in family members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Pasińska
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Łazarczyk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Repczyńska
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Janusz Zimowski
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Agata Runge
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Olga Haus
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xp;Yq Unbalanced Translocation with Pseudoautosomal Region Aberrations in a Natural Two-Generation Transmission. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4976204. [PMID: 33344636 PMCID: PMC7732387 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4976204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Translocations involving X and Y chromosomes rarely occur in humans and may affect reproductive function. We investigated an Xp:Yq unbalanced translocation with pseudoautosomal region (PAR) aberrations in a natural two-generation transmission. We report the case of an azoospermic male and his fertile mother without any other abnormal clinical phenotypes, except for short stature. Cytogenetic methods, including karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), revealed the translocation. Chromosomal microarray comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) was used to investigate the regions of Xp partial deletion and Yq partial duplication. Final chromosome karyotypes in the peripheral blood of the infertile male and his mother were 46,Y,der(X)t(X;Y)(p22.33;q11.22) and 46,X,der(X)t(X;Y)(p22.33;q11.22), respectively. Short-stature-homeobox gene deletion was responsible for the short stature in both subjects. PAR aberrations and AZFc duplication may be a direct genetic risk factor for spermatogenesis. This report further supports the use of routine karyotype analysis, FISH-based technology, and array-CGH analysis to identify derivative chromosomes in a complex rearrangement.
Collapse
|
3
|
Cheng D, Yuan S, Yi D, Luo K, Xu F, Gong F, Lu C, Lu G, Lin G, Tan YQ. Analysis of molecular cytogenetic features and PGT-SR for two infertile patients with small supernumerary marker chromosomes. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:2533-2539. [PMID: 31720922 PMCID: PMC6911115 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01611-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Can preimplantation genetic testing for structural rearrangement (PGT-SR) with next-generation sequencing (NGS) be used to infertile patients carrying small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs)? DESIGN In this study, two infertile patients carrying ring sSMCs were recruited. Different molecular cytogenetic techniques were performed to identify the features of the two sSMCs, followed by clinical PGT-SR cycles. RESULTS The results of G-banding and FISH showed that patient 1's sSMC originated from the 8p23-p10 region, with a resulting karyotype of [ 47,XY, del(8)(p23p10), +r(8)(p23p10).ish del(8)(CEP8+,subtle 8p+,subtle 8q+),r(8)(CEP8+,subtle 8p-,subtle 8q-)[55/60].arr(1-22) ×2,(X,Y)×1]. The sSMC of patient 2 was derived from chromosome 3 and further microdissection with next-generation sequencing (MicroSeq) revealed it contained the region of chromosome 3 between 93,504,855 and 103,839,892 bp (GRCh37), which involved 52 known genes. So the karyotype of patient 2 was 47,XX, +mar.ish der(3)(CEP3+,subtle 3p-,subtle 3q-)[49/60].arr[GRCh37] 3q11.2q13.1(93,500,001_103,839,892) ×3(0.5). PGT-SR with NGS was performed to provide reproductive guidance for the two patients. For patient 1, four balanced euploid embryos and four embryos with partial trisomy/monosomy of (8p23.1-8p11.21) were obtained, and a balanced euploid embryo was successfully implanted and had resulted in a healthy baby. For patient 2, an embryo with monosomy of sex chromosomes and another embryo with a duplication at (3q11-q13.1), neither of which was available for implantation. CONCLUSIONS The identification of the origins and structural characteristics of rare sSMCs should rely on different molecular cytogenetic techniques. PGT-SR is an alternative fertility treatment for these patients carrying sSMCs. This study may provide directions for the assisted reproductive therapy for infertile patients with sSMC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Cheng
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
| | - Shimin Yuan
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Duo Yi
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Keli Luo
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Gong
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China
| | - Changfu Lu
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China
| | - Guangxiu Lu
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China
| | - Ge Lin
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China
| | - Yue-Qiu Tan
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China.
- Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China.
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dobek WA, Kim HG, Walls CA, Chorich LP, Tho SP, Wang ZX, McDonough PG, Layman LC. Long-term follow-up of females with unbalanced X;Y translocations-reproductive and nonreproductive consequences. Mol Cytogenet 2015; 8:13. [PMID: 25737742 PMCID: PMC4347569 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-015-0112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Females with Xp;Yq translocations manifest short stature and normal fertility, but rarely have follow-up. The study purpose was to define the phenotype of a family with t(X;Y)(p22.3;q11.2), determine long-term reproductive function, and compare to all reported female cases. Methods Comprehensive clinical and molecular analyses were performed on the female proband, who had regular menses, normal endocrine function, and three pregnancies spanning seven years--a normal liveborn male and two with unbalanced translocations (liveborn female and stillborn male). Results The translocation truncated KAL1 and deleted 44 genes on der(X). Our report constitutes the longest follow-up of an X;Y translocation female. She had no evidence of Kallmann syndrome, gonadoblastoma, or cardiovascular disease. Detailed analysis of 50 published female cases indicated a uniform lack of follow-up and significant morbidity—intellectual disability (10%), facial dysmorphism (28%), eye abnormalities (14%), and skeletal defects (28%). Conclusions Our findings indicate normal ovarian function to date in a woman with an t(X;Y)(p22.3;q11.2). However, additional published studies in the literature suggest careful follow-up is necessary and contradict the generalization that females with Xp;Yq translocations are usually normal except for short stature. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13039-015-0112-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Whitney A Dobek
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Hyung-Goo Kim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA USA ; Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility, & Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Cedric A Walls
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Lynn P Chorich
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA USA ; Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility, & Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Sandra Pt Tho
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA USA ; Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility, & Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Zi-Xuan Wang
- Department of Surgery and Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Paul G McDonough
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA USA ; Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility, & Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Lawrence C Layman
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA USA ; Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility, & Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA USA ; Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility, & Genetics, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu F, Zhang YN, Cheng DH, Tan K, Zhong CG, Lu GX, Lin G, Tan YQ. The first patient with a pure 1p36 microtriplication associated with severe clinical phenotypes. Mol Cytogenet 2014; 7:64. [PMID: 25324898 PMCID: PMC4198684 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-014-0064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copy Number Variants (CNVs) is a new molecular frontier in clinical genetics. CNVs in 1p36 are usually pathogenic and have attracted the attention of cytogeneticists worldwide. None of 1p36 triplication has been reported thus far. RESULTS We present three patients with CNVs in 1p36. Among them one is the first 1p36 tetrasomy due to a pure microtriplication and the other two are 1p36 microdeletion. Traditional chromosome G-banding technique showed a normal karyotype. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray analysis combined with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to identify and confirm the chromosome microdeletion/microtriplication. The facial dysmorphisms of the patient with 1p36 tetrasomy differed from those two patients with 1p36 monosomy. The expression levels of B3GALT6, MIB2, PEX10 and PANK4 in the blood were determined, and differential expressions were observed between the patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows the first case of 1p36 tetrasomy due to a pure microtriplication in a patient with severe intellectual disability and seizures. The study provides a new resource for studying the mechanisms of microtriplication formation, and provides an evidence that overexpression of the specific genes might be related the specific phenotype of 1p36 microtriplication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xu
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, 110# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078 PR China ; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of Citic-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan 410078 PR China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, 110# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078 PR China
| | - De-Hua Cheng
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, 110# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078 PR China ; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of Citic-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan 410078 PR China
| | - Ke Tan
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, 110# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078 PR China ; National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cell, Changsha, 410078 PR China
| | - Chang-Gao Zhong
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, 110# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078 PR China ; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of Citic-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan 410078 PR China
| | - Guang-Xiu Lu
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, 110# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078 PR China ; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of Citic-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan 410078 PR China ; National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cell, Changsha, 410078 PR China
| | - Ge Lin
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, 110# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078 PR China ; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of Citic-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan 410078 PR China ; National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cell, Changsha, 410078 PR China
| | - Yue-Qiu Tan
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, 110# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078 PR China ; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of Citic-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan 410078 PR China
| |
Collapse
|