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Liu YC, Wang JW, Li J, Guo Y, Han FJ, Lu WH, Wu Q. Mechanism of cryptotanshinone to improve endocrine and metabolic functions in the endometrium of PCOS rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117346. [PMID: 37879506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cryptotanshinone is the main bioactive component of Salvia miltiorrhiza, with various mechanisms of action, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, and hepatoprotection. Salvia miltiorrhiza is used clinically by gynecologists in China. AIM OF THE STUDY Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has a significant impact on women's quality of life, leading to infertility and reproductive disorders. Hence, this study aims to assess the pharmacological activity of cryptotanshinone in the treatment of PCOS and investigate its therapeutic mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) combined with insulin is used to simulate a PCOS-like rat model and attempt to discover the abnormal changes that occur and the means by which the pathway acts in this model. RESULTS The transcriptome sequencing method is used to identify 292 differential genes that undergo significant changes, of which 219 were upregulated and 73 were downregulated. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of the signaling pathways reveals that differential expressed genes are significantly enriched in 23 typical pathways. Estrogen signaling pathways are screened in the cryptotanshinone and model groups, and significant differential changes in Fos, ALOX12, and AQP8 are found. This suggests that these signaling pathways and molecules may be the main signaling targets for regulating the differences in endometrial tissue. CONCLUSION These results indicate that cryptotanshinone has targets for regulating the proliferation of endometrial tissue via estrogen signaling pathways in PCOS-like rats, providing an experimental basis for the clinical application of cryptotanshinone in the treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chao Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China; Harbin Institute of Technology Hospital, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Jun-Wen Wang
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Jia Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.26, Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Ying Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.26, Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Feng-Juan Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.26, Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Wei-Hong Lu
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
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Huang B, Jin L, Zhang L, Cui X, Zhang Z, Lu Y, Yu L, Ma T, Zhang H. Aquaporin-8 transports hydrogen peroxide to regulate granulosa cell autophagy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:897666. [PMID: 36081911 PMCID: PMC9445271 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.897666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-8 (AQP8), a member of the aquaporin family, is strongly expressed in follicular granulosa cells, which could affect the hormone secretion level in females. AQP8, as a membrane protein, could mediate H2O2 into cells, thereby triggering various biological events. The deficiency of Aqp8 increases female fertility, resulting from the decrease in follicular atresia. The low cell death rate is related to the apoptosis of granulosa cells. However, the mechanism by which AQP8 regulates the autophagy of granulosa cells remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to explore the effect of AQP8 on autophagy in follicular atresia. We found that the expression of the autophagy marker light-chain protein 3 was significantly downregulated in the granulosa cells of Aqp8-knockout (Aqp8−/−) mice, compared with wild-type (Aqp8+/+) mice. Immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopic examination indicated that the number of autophagosomes in the granulosa cells of Aqp8−/− mice decreased. Using a follicular granulosa cell autophagy model, namely a follicular atresia model, we verified that the concentration of H2O2 significantly increased during the autophagy of granulosa cells, consistent with the Aqp8 mRNA level. Intracellular H2O2 accumulation was modulated by endogenous AQP8 expression level, indicating that AQP8-mediated H2O2 was involved in the autophagy of granulosa cells. AQP8 deficiency impaired the elevation of H2O2 concentration through phosphorylated tyrosine activation. In addition, we carried out the analysis of transcriptome sequencing datasets in the ovary and found there were obvious differences in principal components, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and KEGG pathways, which might be involved in AQP8-regulated follicular atresia. Taken together, these findings indicated that AQP8-mediated H2O2 transport could mediate the autophagy of granulosa cells. AQP8 might be a potential target for diseases related to ovarian insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lingling Jin
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Luodan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yongqi Lu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lujia Yu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tonghui Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: He Zhang,
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Cao L, Li S, Huang S, Shi D, Li X. AQP8 participates in oestrogen-mediated buffalo follicular development by regulating apoptosis of granulosa cells. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:812-820. [PMID: 33639021 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs), a family of small membrane-spanning proteins, are involved in fluid transport, cell signalling and reproduction. Regulating AQP8 expression influences apoptosis of granulosa cells (GCs), ovarian folliculogenesis, oogenesis and early embryonic development in mice, but its role has never been investigated in other species. The aim of the present study was to characterize the AQP8 function in buffalo follicular development. The expression pattern of AQP8 in buffalo follicle was analysed by immunohistochemistry method. 17β-Estradiol (E2) or oestrogen receptor antagonist ICI182780 was used to treat GCs cultured in vitro, and the expression of AQP8 was detected using qRT-PCR. Its roles in apoptosis of buffalo GCs were investigated by shRNA technology. AQP8 was found to be expressed higher in secondary follicles (p < .05), and its mRNA level in GCs was upregulated by E2 via receptor-mediated mechanism in a dose-dependent manner. A 732-bp buffalo AQP8 coding region was obtained, which was highly conserved at the amino acid level among different species. AQP8-shRNA2 had more effective inhibition on target gene than AQP8-shRNA1 (66.49% vs. 58.31%) (p < .05). Knockdown of AQP8 induced GCs arrested at G2/M stage and occurred apoptosis. Compared with the control group, higher Caspase9 expression were observed in AQP8-shRNA2 lentivirus infected GCs (p < .05), while Bcl-2 and Bax expression levels had no obvious change (p > .05). Altogether, the above results indicate that AQP8 is involved in oestrogen-mediated regulation of buffalo follicular development by regulating cell cycle progression and apoptosis of GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Sheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,Huangshi Maternity and Children's Health Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, China
| | - Shihai Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiangping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Gisela S B, M Virginia A, Gabriela A A, M Virginia T, Enrique H L, Laura K, Véronica L B. Androgen receptor and uterine histoarchitecture in a PCOS rat model. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110973. [PMID: 32781251 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with hyperandrogenemia and uterine abnormalities. Our aim was to investigate the uterine effects of PCOS that are mediated through the androgen receptor (AR). After weaning, female rats were treated with sesame oil (Control), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), or DHEA + flutamide (FLU, an AR antagonist) for 20 consecutive days. On postnatal day 41, serum, ovarian and uterine tissues were collected. DHEA and DHEA + FLU rats showed increased testosterone levels. DHEA rats showed increased epithelial height, glandular density, subepithelial stroma and myometrial thickness, associated with decreased nuclei density. These rats also showed increased uterine water content, with decreased aquaporin (AQP) 3, 7 and 8 expression in the uterine epithelium and increased AQP8 expression in the myometrium. DHEA rats also showed decreased uterine collagen remodeling, decreased cell proliferation in the subepithelial stroma, and increased apoptosis in the luminal and glandular epithelium and in the myometrium. They also showed an increase in insulin-like growth factor-1 and a decrease in phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase. The uterine stroma of DHEA rats showed no changes in progesterone receptor or estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and increased AR expression. DHEA + FLU rats showed a smaller increase in the myometrial thickness, an increase in the uterine water content without AQP8 induction and a smaller decrease in collagen remodeling. These rats also showed no apoptosis induction and decreased proliferation in the myometrium, decreased ERα in the subepithelial stroma and myometrium and no modifications in AR. Our results demonstrate that the uterine cell turnover and collagen remodeling in DHEA rats are regulated through AR, directly or indirectly associated with ERα expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bracho Gisela S
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Acosta M Virginia
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Altamirano Gabriela A
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Tschopp M Virginia
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luque Enrique H
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Kass Laura
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Bosquiazzo Véronica L
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica y Cuantitativa, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Shaaban Z, Khoradmehr A, Amiri-Yekta A, Jafarzadeh Shirazi MR, Tamadon A. Pathophysiologic mechanisms of obesity- and chronic inflammation-related genes in etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:1378-1386. [PMID: 32133054 PMCID: PMC7043875 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.14029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES One of the common heterogeneous reproductive disorders in women of childbearing age is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It is characterized by lack of fertility due to anovulatory cycles, hyperandrogenemia, polycystic ovaries, hyperinsulinemia, and obesity. Both reproductive anomalies and metabolic disorders are involved in PCOS pathology. Although the role of increased levels of androgens in initiation of PCOS is almost proven, mechanisms of PCOS pathophysiology are not clear. Here we discuss roles of altered metabolic conditions, obesity, and chronic inflammation in PCOS pathophysiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this review, we attempted to identify genes related to obesity and chronic inflammation aspects of PCOS and their physiological functions to explain the pathways that are regulated by these genes and can be a prominent function in PCOS predisposition. For this purpose, published articles and reviews dealing with genetic evaluation of PCOS in women in peer-reviewed journals in PubMed and Google Scholar databases were included in this review. RESULTS Obesity and chronic inflammation are not prominent diagnostic features of PCOS, but they play an important role in exacerbating metabolic and hyperandrogenic states. ADIPOQ, FTO TGFβ, and DENND1A as the main obesity- and chronic inflammation-related genes have roles in PCOS pathophysiology. CONCLUSION It seems that genes related to obesity pathology in genomic research association, are related to metabolic aspects and body mass index in PCOS patients. Genomes have roles in chronic inflammation, followed by obesity, in the pathogenesis of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shaaban
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arezoo Khoradmehr
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amir Amiri-Yekta
- Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amin Tamadon
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Wang D, Di X, Wang J, Li M, Zhang D, Hou Y, Hu J, Zhang G, Zhang H, Sun M, Meng X, Sun B, Jiang C, Ma T, Su W. Increased Formation of Follicular Antrum in Aquaporin-8-Deficient Mice Is Due to Defective Proliferation and Migration, and Not Steroidogenesis of Granulosa Cells. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1193. [PMID: 30190683 PMCID: PMC6115504 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-8 (AQP8) is a water channel protein expressed exclusively in granulosa cells (GCs) in mouse ovary. Our previous studies of AQP8-deficient (AQP8-/-) mice demonstrated that AQP8 participates in folliculogenesis, including in the formation of follicles, ovulation, and atresia. However, its physiological function in formation of the antral follicle is still largely unknown. In the present study, we observed significantly increased numbers of antral follicles in AQP8-/- ovaries as well as significantly increased follicular antrum formation in in vitro 3D culture of AQP8-/- follicles. Functional detection of AQP8-/- GCs indicated that cell proliferation is impaired with FSH treatment, and wound healing and Transwell migration are also impaired with or without FSH treatment, compared with that in WT. However, the biosynthesis of estradiol and progesterone as well as the mRNA levels of key steroidogenic enzyme genes (CYP19A1 and StAR) in AQP8-/- GCs did not change, even with addition of FSH and/or testosterone. In order to estimate the influence of the impaired proliferation and migration on the density of GC mass, preantral follicles were injected with FITC-dextran, which distributes only in the intercellular space, and analyzed by confocal microscopy. The micrographs showed significantly higher transmission of fluorescence in AQP8-/- follicles, suggesting increased intercellular space of GCs. Based on this evidence, we concluded that AQP8 deficiency leads to increased formation of follicular antra in vivo and in vitro, and the mechanism may be associated with increased intercellular space of GCs, which may be caused by defective proliferation and migration of GCs. This study may offer new insight into the molecular mechanisms of the formation of follicular antrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejiang Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangjun Di
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Wang
- China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Miao Li
- China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yaxin Hou
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - He Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Meiyan Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunlai Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tonghui Ma
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Weiheng Su
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Wawrzkiewicz-Jałowiecka A, Kowalczyk K, Pluta D, Blukacz Ł, Madej P. The role of aquaporins in polycystic ovary syndrome - A way towards a novel drug target in PCOS. Med Hypotheses 2017; 102:23-27. [PMID: 28478824 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane proteins, able to transport water (and in some cases also small solutes, e. g. glycerol) through the cell membrane. There are twelve types of aquaporins (AQP1-AQP12) expressed in mammalian reproductive systems. According to literature, many diseases of the reproductive organs are correlated with changes of AQPs expression and their malfunction. That is the case in the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), where dysfunctions of AQPs 7-9 and alterations in its levels occur. In this work, we postulate how AQPs are involved in PCOS-related disorders, in order to emphasize their potential therapeutic meaning as a drug target. Our research allows for a surprising inference, that genetic mutation causing malfunction and/or decreased expression of aquaporins, may be incorporated in the popular insulin-dependent hypothesis of PCOS pathogenesis. What is more, changes in AQP's expression may affect the folliculogenesis and follicular atresia in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Wawrzkiewicz-Jałowiecka
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Ks. M. Strzody 9, Poland.
| | - Karolina Kowalczyk
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Dagmara Pluta
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Blukacz
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Paweł Madej
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
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Physiological role of aquaporin 5 in salivary glands. Pflugers Arch 2015; 468:519-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-015-1749-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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