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Kchikich A, Kirschvink N, El Kadili S, Raes M, El Otmani S, Chebli Y, Bister JL, El Amiri B, Barrijal S, Chentouf M. Effects of Origanum majorana essential oil and antibiotics on the quality of frozen thawed Beni Arouss buck semen. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:288-297. [PMID: 36269146 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of Origanum majorana (OM) essential oil (EO) at different concentrations and antibiotics on post-thawed Beni Arouss buck semen quality. Semen collection was performed using artificial vagina from eight Beni Arouss bucks. Ejaculates were pooled, divided into 12 equal aliquots, washed and diluted to 400 × 106 sperm/ml (with 7% of glycerol). Skim milk-based extender was supplemented with different concentrations of OM EO (0%; 0.01%; 0.02%; 0.03%; 0.04% and 0.05%) without antibiotics, marked as (CTR-), (M1-), (M2-), (M3-), (M4-) and (M5-), and with 50 mg of streptomycin and 50,000 IU of penicillin per 100 ml, marked as (CTR+), (M1+), (M2+), (M3+), (M4+) and (M5+), respectively. Aliquots were cooled to 4°C, then frozen in 0.25 ml straws with a programmable freezer and finally stored in liquid nitrogen for 48 h. Thawing was performed at 37°C for 30 s. Motility, live sperm, sperm abnormalities, membrane integrity, lipid peroxidation and bacterial growth were evaluated after thawing. Among the tested extenders, M2+ improved all semen quality parameters. Sperm motility, live sperm and membrane integrity increased significantly, while the number of abnormal sperm and bacterial growth decreased significantly. The toxic effect of OM EO, with and without antibiotics, appeared beyond 0.03%. In conclusion, M2+ is recommended to improve the cryopreservation of Beni Arouss buck semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Kchikich
- Department of Biology, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco.,Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Tangier, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nathalie Kirschvink
- Department of Medicine, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Sara El Kadili
- Department of Animal Production, National School of Agriculture of Meknes, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Marianne Raes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Samira El Otmani
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Tangier, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Youssef Chebli
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Tangier, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jean-Loup Bister
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Bouchra El Amiri
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Said Barrijal
- Department of Biology, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Mouad Chentouf
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Tangier, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Rabat, Morocco
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Kchikich A, Kirschvink N, El Kadili S, Raes M, El Otmani S, Bister JL, El Amiri B, Barrijal S, Chentouf M. Thymus satureioides and Origanum majorana essential oils improve the quality of Beni Arouss buck semen during storage at 4°C. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:1572-1581. [PMID: 34597454 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of essential oils (EOs), extracted from Thymus satureioides (TS) and Origanum majorana (OM), on Beni Arouss buck semen quality stored in skimmed milk at 4°C. EOs were extracted by hydro-distillation, and the chemical compounds were determined. Ejaculates were collected from six Beni Arouss bucks, once a week for 10 weeks, and they were pooled, divided into five equal aliquots and diluted to 400 × 106 sperm/ml with skimmed milk supplemented with 0.01% of OM EO, 0.01% of TS EO, 0.05% of OM EO and 0.05% of TS EO. Non-supplemented skimmed milk was considered as a control. Semen motility, kinematic parameters, viability, abnormality, membrane integrity and lipid peroxidation were evaluated at 0, 4, 8, 24, 28, 32 and 48 hr of liquid storage at 4°C. The main EO components were carvacrol (31.7%), thymol (28.0%) and borneol (14.4%) for TS, and terpinene-4-ol (31.2%), γ-terpinene (17.4%) and α-terpinene (12.7%) for OM. The results highlighted a dose-dependent effect of TS and OM EOs on all semen quality parameters. 0.01% of both EOs had a beneficial effect on the sperm preservation stored at 4°C compared with control (p < .05) excepted for the straight-line velocity. The 0.05% EO addition had harmful effects during storage particularly for TS EO. In conclusion, 0.01% of TS and OM EOs are recommended to improve the Beni Arouss buck semen preservation at 4°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kchikich
- Department of Biology, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Tanger, Ancienne Route de l'Aéroport, Tangier, Morocco.,National Institute of Agricultural Research, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Tangier, Rabat, Morocco
| | - N Kirschvink
- Department of Medicine, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - S El Kadili
- Department of Animal Production, Ecole Nationale d'Agriculture de Meknès, Meknes, Morocco
| | - M Raes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - S El Otmani
- National Institute of Agricultural Research, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Tangier, Rabat, Morocco
| | - J L Bister
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - B El Amiri
- National Institute of Agricultural Research, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Settat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - S Barrijal
- Department of Biology, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Tanger, Ancienne Route de l'Aéroport, Tangier, Morocco
| | - M Chentouf
- National Institute of Agricultural Research, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Tangier, Rabat, Morocco
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Akourki A, Echegaray A, Perdomo O, Escartin NA, Guillén M. Effects of Gossypium spp., Balanites aegyptiaca, and Sesamum indicum seeds oils on quality of chilled and frozen-thawed ram semen. Vet World 2021; 14:1412-1419. [PMID: 34316186 PMCID: PMC8304443 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1412-1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Essential oils found frequently in plants are well known for their activities against bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to analyze egg yolk replacement by seed oils of Gossypium spp. (cotton), Balanites aegyptiaca (desert date), and Sesamum indicum (sesame) in semen extender, on ram sperm quality chilled at 4°C and frozen-thawed. Materials and Methods: Ejaculates were collected from adult rams and refrigerated at 4°C in a Tris-based extender containing 1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% of Gossypium spp., B. aegyptiaca, and S. indicum seed oils, to evaluate which were the two best extenders for comparison with BIOXcell, a commercial extender for deep freezing ram semen. Results: The data showed that sperm movements analyzed by the CASA system were faster in extenders supplemented with 2.5-5% of cottonseed oil and 1.25-10% of sesame oil, whereas in the extender containing B. aegyptiaca oil, all seminal parameters studied had the worst values. During the sperm-freezing process, 5% of cottonseed oil and 5% sesame seed oil were selected from the first study, with sesame oil reaching the best sperm quality. Thus, sperm motility and velocity were 44.14±13.99%, 24.44±12.6%, and 25.92±11.50%; and 20.26±9.56%, 8.76±6.38%, and 9.42±5.40%, respectively, for sesame oil, cottonseed oil, and BIOXcell. Conclusion: In summary, 2.5-10% of cottonseed oil and 1.25-10% of sesame seed oil can replace egg yolk in a Tris–egg yolk–based extender. Moreover, a Tris-based extender supplemented with 5% sesame seed oil could be an alternative for deep freezing ram semen, even though these results need to be confirmed with semen collected from rams with appropriate sexual rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamou Akourki
- Enseignant Chercheur, Université Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi, BP: 465 Maradi, Niger
| | - Arantxa Echegaray
- Departamento de Reproducción animal del HUMECO, C/Mecanica 11. 22006 Huesca. Spain
| | - Orlando Perdomo
- Departamento de Reproducción animal del HUMECO, C/Mecanica 11. 22006 Huesca. Spain
| | | | - Marta Guillén
- Departamento de Reproducción animal del HUMECO, C/Mecanica 11. 22006 Huesca. Spain
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Ros-Santaella JL, Pintus E. Plant Extracts as Alternative Additives for Sperm Preservation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050772. [PMID: 34068069 PMCID: PMC8152457 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm preservation is a crucial factor for the success of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in humans, livestock, and wildlife. Irrespective of the extender and the storage conditions used, semen handling and preservation negatively affect sperm quality. Moreover, oxidative stress, which often arises during semen storage, significantly reduces sperm function and compromises the sperm fertilizing ability by inducing oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Plant extracts have recently emerged as a cheap and natural source of additives to preserve and enhance sperm function during semen storage. The present work provides an update on the use of these natural compounds as alternative additives for sperm preservation in 13 animal species, including humans. A detailed description of the effects of 45 plant species, belonging to 28 families, on sperm function during semen storage is presented. The plant material and extraction method employed, dosage, possible toxic effects, and antimicrobial properties are provided.
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Kerbouche L, Hazzit M, Baaliouamer A, Akretche S. Distillation time effecting on the composition of Origanum floribundum essential oils and their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Z NATURFORSCH C 2021; 76:153-160. [PMID: 33001858 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2020-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The essential oils (EOs) of Origanum floribundum Munby, an aromatic and medicinal plant endemic in Algeria, were extracted by different hydrodistillation times (30 min, 1, 2 and 3 h) and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The chromatographic analysis showed that thymol (32.7-45.0%), p-cymene (16.8-23.1%) and γ-terpinene (21.6-28.7%) were the most prominent components of the oils. The antioxidant ability was measured using the reductive potential, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay and the inhibition of free radicals DPPH● and ABTS●+. Antibacterial activity was assessed by the disc diffusion method against three bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and one fungus (Candida albicans). Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using a microdilution method. Thymol is one of the compounds of EOs, which are widely reported as very biologically active. Although the oil isolated for 30 min was the less-thymol rich, it was the most active with all the antioxidant tests. In the most cases, the antimicrobial activity showed the best results with oils isolated for 30 min and 3 h (MIC = 0.25-1.75 μL/mL). These results suggest that it might be possible to isolate the EO from this plant for a minimum distillation time to obtain oil that can give maximum biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Kerbouche
- Laboratory of Industrial Process Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Mechanical and Process Engineering, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Hazzit
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, National High School of Agronomy, El-Harrach (ENSA), Algiers, Algeria
| | - Aoumeur Baaliouamer
- Laboratory of Functional Organic Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), BP 32 Al Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algeria
| | - Soraya Akretche
- Laboratory of Industrial Process Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Mechanical and Process Engineering, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
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Tichati L, Trea F, Ouali K. The antioxidant study proprieties of Thymus munbyanus aqueous extract and its beneficial effect on 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid -induced hepatic oxidative stress in albino Wistar rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:212-223. [PMID: 33371761 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1870183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we investigated the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of thyme (Thymus munbyanus: AETM) on 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4 -D) - induced liver oxidative damage in rats. The phytochemical study of AETM revealed potent antioxidant properties owed to its richness in phenolic compounds including flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic acids. Further, in vivo animal study was conducted on 24 Wistar rats divided equally into control group and three treated groups, receiving orally AETM (10 ml/kg body weight (b.w), 2,4-D (5 mg/kg (b.w) and AETM + 2,4 - D (combined treatment) for 30 consecutive days. The results showed a significant increase in the enzymatic activity of transaminases (AST, ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl proteins (CPO), along with a significant decrease in plasma total protein, albumin, hepatic glutathione (GSH) contents, and the enzymatic activity of the hepatic antioxidant markers (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione- S- transferase (GST)) in 2,4- D treatment compared with control. Moreover, no significant changes in these parameters were noticed in AETM treated animals as compared to control, and hence the combined treatment (AETM + 2,4- D) showed a marked enhancement in the above altered hepatic functional and antioxidant parameters and liver histopathology. In conclusion, AETM, owing to its richness with phenolic compounds proved to be an efficient antioxidant against 2,4-D - induced liver oxidative damage, and hence complementary studies would be needed to appear the use of these compounds as supplements in treating liver impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazhari Tichati
- Laboratory of Environmental Biosurveillance (LBSE), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Fouzia Trea
- Laboratory of Environmental Biosurveillance (LBSE), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Kheireddine Ouali
- Laboratory of Environmental Biosurveillance (LBSE), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria
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7
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Benomari FZ, Djabou N, Moumani M, Hassani F, Muselli A, Costa J. Chemical variability of essential oils of three subspecies of Thymus munbyanus Boiss. & Reut. from Western Algeria. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2020.1772134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zahra Benomari
- Laboratoire De Chimie Organique Substances Naturelles Et Analyses (COSNA), Université De Tlemcen , Tlemcen, Algérie
| | - Nassim Djabou
- Laboratoire De Chimie Organique Substances Naturelles Et Analyses (COSNA), Université De Tlemcen , Tlemcen, Algérie
| | | | - Fayçal Hassani
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Et Gestion Des Ecosystèmes Naturels, Université De Tlemcen , Tlemcen, Algérie
| | - Alain Muselli
- Laboratoire Chimie Des Produits Naturels (CPN), Université De Corse , Corte, France
| | - Jean Costa
- Laboratoire Chimie Des Produits Naturels (CPN), Université De Corse , Corte, France
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8
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Schulze M, Nitsche-Melkus E, Hensel B, Jung M, Jakop U. Antibiotics and their alternatives in Artificial Breeding in livestock. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 220:106284. [PMID: 32005501 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics are mandatory components of semen extenders for the control of bacterial contamination and growth. The increasing rate of worldwide resistance to conventional antibiotics in semen preservation media requires the development of new antimicrobial alternatives. This review provides an update on this topic and also highlights the improvement of hygiene in Artificial Insemination centers in order to prevent the development of bacterial resistance. Ideas are shared on future diagnostic tools for bacterial contamination in Artificial Breeding. Finally, new methods to remove or reduce bacteria in semen will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schulze
- Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow, Bernauer Allee 10, D-16321, Bernau, Germany.
| | - E Nitsche-Melkus
- Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow, Bernauer Allee 10, D-16321, Bernau, Germany
| | - B Hensel
- Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow, Bernauer Allee 10, D-16321, Bernau, Germany
| | - M Jung
- Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow, Bernauer Allee 10, D-16321, Bernau, Germany
| | - U Jakop
- Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow, Bernauer Allee 10, D-16321, Bernau, Germany
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Güvenç M, Cellat M, Gökçek İ, Yavaş İ, Yurdagül Özsoy Ş. Effects of thymol and carvacrol on sperm quality and oxidant/antioxidant balance in rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:396-403. [PMID: 29799283 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1476979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the effects of different doses of thymol (T) and carvacrol (C) on sperm quality oxidative stress and antioxidant system. For this purpose, 49 rats were divided into seven groups (7 rats in each group): 1st Group (control); 2nd Group T-10 (thymol 10 mg/kg), 3rd Group T-20 (thymol 20 mg/kg), 4th Group C-10 (carvacrol 10 mg/kg), 5th Group C-20 (carvacrol 20 mg/kg), 6th Group T + C-10 (thymol 10 mg/kg + carvacrol 10 mg/kg) and 7th Group T + C-20 (thymol 20 mg/kg + carvacrol 20 mg/kg). The duration of the experiment was 10 weeks for all animals. During the study, sperm quality parameters (motility, concentration, abnormal spermatozoa and live-dead sperm ratio), biochemical parameters [malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione(GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), AST, ALT, GGT, urea and creatinine] were analysed, and histopathological examination was performed. The study results showed that monotherapies of thymol and carvacrol significantly decreased MDA levels in testicles, liver and kidney tissues compared to the control group (p < .001). GSH levels increased only with the thymol administration and GSH-Px and catalase activity increased only with the carvacrol administration compared to the control group (p < .05). The combined administration of these two agents did not cause any significant change in any parameter. Regarding the sperm quality parameters, only the spermatozoa concentration and motility increased significantly in the thymol and carvacrol groups compared to the control group (p < .01). However, these parameters decreased in the 7th Group (T + C-20) compared to the control group (p < .001). Considering the dead sperm ratio decreased significantly in the 2nd (T-10), 3rd (T-20), 4th (C-10), 5th (C-20) and 6th Group (T + C-10) compared to the control group (p < .001). In respect of spermatozoon anomaly, there was a significant decrease in thymol and carvacrol monotherapy groups. The histopathological analysis of the testicle, liver and kidney tissues of the animals showed no difference between the groups. In conclusion, we have determined that thymol and carvacrol administration decreased the oxidative damage and increased the antioxidant levels and improved the sperm quality parameters. However, the combined use of these two active ingredients had a limited therapeutic effect on the mentioned parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Güvenç
- Department of Physiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University , Hatay , Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cellat
- Department of Physiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University , Hatay , Turkey
| | - İshak Gökçek
- Department of Physiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University , Hatay , Turkey
| | - İlker Yavaş
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University , Hatay , Turkey
| | - Şule Yurdagül Özsoy
- Department of Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University , Hatay , Turkey
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Elmi A, Prosperi A, Zannoni A, Bertocchi M, Scorpio DG, Forni M, Foni E, Bacci ML, Ventrella D. Antimicrobial capabilities of non-spermicidal concentrations of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) essential oils on the liquid phase of refrigerated swine seminal doses. Res Vet Sci 2019; 127:76-81. [PMID: 31678456 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is increasing within the porcine industry with consequential high impact on human health, leading to a need for new antimicrobials. Lately, the scientific community has turned its interest towards natural compounds, and different essential oils have been tested on spermatozoa for preliminary assessment of toxicity before considering them as good substitutes for standard antibiotics. The aim of the present work was to investigate the potential antimicrobial effect of Melaleuca alternifolia and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils, already evaluated for toxicity, on swine artificial insemination doses deprived of spermatozoa and stored at 16 °C for 5 days. This was accomplished by setting up an in vitro model with a standardized quantity of E. coli. Essential oils, previously chemo-characterized by means of gas chromatography, were tested at 0.2 and 0.4 mg/ml. Analyses, performed at 24 and 120 h, included optical density evaluation, bacterial DNA quantification by qPCR, and colony count. The results demonstrate that both Melaleuca alternifolia and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils, at a concentration of 0.4 mg/ml, are capable of delivering similar effects to ampicillin, used as control, on the experimental samples. At the lower concentration, M. alternifolia essential oil seemed more effective when compared to R. officinalis. Overall, these findings strengthen the hypothesis of the potential use of phyto-complexes as antimicrobial agents for reproductive biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Alice Prosperi
- Section of Parma, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia dell'Emilia-Romagna, Via dei Mercati 13/A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Augusta Zannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Martina Bertocchi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Diana G Scorpio
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy; Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Emanuela Foni
- Section of Parma, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia dell'Emilia-Romagna, Via dei Mercati 13/A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
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11
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Horky P, Skalickova S, Smerkova K, Skladanka J. Essential Oils as a Feed Additives: Pharmacokinetics and Potential Toxicity in Monogastric Animals. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E352. [PMID: 31200591 PMCID: PMC6617186 DOI: 10.3390/ani9060352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are now a hot topic in finding modern substitutes for antibiotics. Many studies have shown positive results and confirmed their high antibacterial activity both in vitro and in vivo. Deservedly, there is an attempt to use EOs as a substitute for antibiotics, which are currently limited by legislation in animal breeding. Given the potential of EOs, studies on their fate in the body need to be summarized. The content of EO's active substances varies depending on growing conditions and consequently on processing and storage. Their content also changes dynamically during the passage through the gastrointestinal tract and their effective concentration can be noticeably diluted at their place of action (small intestine and colon). Based on the solubility of the individual EO's active substances, they are eliminated from the body at different rates. Despite a strong antimicrobial effect, some oils can be toxic to the body and cause damage to the liver, kidneys, or gastrointestinal tissues. Reproductive toxicity has been reported for Origanum vulgare and Mentha arvensis. Several publications also address the effect on the genome. It has been observed that EOs can show both genoprotective effects (Syzygium aromaticum) and genotoxicity, as is the case of Cinnamomum camphor. This review shows that although oils are mainly studied as promising antimicrobials, it is also important to assess animal safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Horky
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Sylvie Skalickova
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Kristyna Smerkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiri Skladanka
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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In Vitro Effects of Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca Alternifolia Essential Oil) and its Principal Component Terpinen-4-ol on Swine Spermatozoa. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061071. [PMID: 30893764 PMCID: PMC6471158 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing interest towards essential oils stems from their biological capabilities that include antibacterial and antioxidant effects. Such properties may be extremely useful in the reproductive field; nonetheless essential oils show toxic effects that can lead to cell disruption. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of tea tree oil (TTO) and its principal component terpinen-4-ol (TER) on the morpho-functional parameters of swine spermatozoa. Experimental samples were prepared by suspending 15 × 107 spermatozoa in 5 mL of medium with different concentrations of the above-mentioned compounds: from 0.2 to 2 mg/mL at an interval of 0.2 for TTO, while TER concentrations were adjusted according to its presence in TTO (41.5%). After 3 h incubation at 16 °C, samples were analyzed for pH, viability, acrosome status, and objective motility. The results highlighted a concentration-dependent effect of TTO with total motility as the most sensitive parameter. TER was better tolerated, and the most sensitive parameters were related to membrane integrity, suggesting a different pattern of interaction. The study confirms the importance of evaluating the effects of natural compounds on spermatozoa before exploiting their beneficial effects. Spermatozoa seem to be good candidates for preliminary toxicological screenings in the light of their peculiar properties.
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Touazi L, Aberkane B, Bellik Y, Moula N, Iguer-Ouada M. Effect of the essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis (L.) on rooster sperm motility during 4°C short-term storage. Vet World 2018; 11:590-597. [PMID: 29915496 PMCID: PMC5993771 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.590-597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Rosmarinus officinalis (L.) essential oil on rooster sperm motility during 4°C short-term storage. MATERIALS AND METHODS R. officinalis essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to identify the active components. 10 of 45-week-old Hubbard commercial broilers were subjected to biweekly semen collections during 3 weeks. At each collection, sperm was pooled and divided into four aliquots and then diluted with Tris extender supplemented with 870, 87, or 8.7 µg/ml of R. officinalis essential oil, identified as treatments R, R5, and R10, respectively. Tris-based extender without any supplementation was considered as a control group. Diluted sperm was then stored at 4°C in the refrigerator and analyzed at 0, 6, 24, and 48 h using a computer-assisted sperm analyzer. Different semen parameters were measured including total motility, progressive motility, gametes velocities (straight line velocity [VSL], curvilinear velocity [VCL], and average path velocity [VAP]), amplitude of the lateral head displacement [ALH], and beat-cross frequency [BCF]. RESULTS The phytochemical analysis of R. officinalis essential oil revealed the presence of 25 active components including seven major molecules: Camphor (18.88%), camphene (5.17%), 1,8-cineole (7.85%), β-thujene (13.66%), α-thujene (4.87%), chrysanthenone (12.05%), and β-cubenene (7.97%). The results showed a beneficial effect of R. officinalis essential oil on sperm cells motility, particularly when using the lowest concentrations, 8.7 and 87 µg/ml. Progressive motility and gametes velocities (VCL, VSL, and VAP), materializing the quality of gametes motility, showed highly statistically significant values (p<0.01) in 8.7 and 87 µg/ml treatments, especially from 6 h of storage at 4°C. Conversely, the highest concentration (870 µg/ml) showed harmful effects with a total spermicidal activity after 24 h of storage. CONCLUSION The current results revealed the positive impact of R. officinalis essential oil on rooster sperm at 4°C short-term storage probably through fighting against oxidative stress and cold shock damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Touazi
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire, Rue Issad Abbes, Oued Smar, Algiers, Algeria
- Associated Laboratory in Marine and Aquaculture Ecosystems, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia. Algeria
| | - B. Aberkane
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences and Earth Sciences. University of Bouira, Algeria
| | - Y. Bellik
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of El Bachir el Ibrahimi, Bordj Bou Arreridj, 34000, Algeria
| | - N. Moula
- Department of Animal Productions, University of Liege, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - M. Iguer-Ouada
- Associated Laboratory in Marine and Aquaculture Ecosystems, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia. Algeria
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Elmi A, Ventrella D, Barone F, Filippini G, Benvenuti S, Pisi A, Scozzoli M, Bacci ML. Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav. and Rosmarinus officinalis (L.) Essential Oils: In Vitro Effects and Toxicity on Swine Spermatozoa. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122162. [PMID: 29211030 PMCID: PMC6149686 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils possess a variety of biological properties (i.e., antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic) that could possibly be applied in reproductive medicine, but their effects on spermatozoa are still partially unknown. The aim of the study was to describe the effects of Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav. and Rosmarinus officinalis (L.) essential oils on the main morpho-functional parameters of swine spermatozoa. Essential oils were preliminary characterized by gas chromatography and added with emulsifiers to facilitate diffusion. Experimental samples were prepared by suspending a fixed number of spermatozoa in 5 mL of medium with 10 different concentrations of essential oil (0.2–2 mg/mL, at intervals of 0.2). After 3 h of incubation, samples were analyzed for pH, viability, objective motility, and acrosome status. Results showed that the effects of the essential oils are concentration-dependent and that R. officinalis is well tolerated up to 0.6 mg/mL. T. capitata impaired the spermatozoa starting from the lowest concentration, with complete spermicidal effect from 0.4 mg/mL. The patterns of damage, confirmed by SEM, were different and quite distinct. As expected, spermatozoa proved to be sensitive to external stimuli and capable of showing different functional patterns, providing interesting insights to the action/toxicity mechanisms. The results of the present work represent the first step towards the systematic characterization of the effects of these compounds on spermatozoa. This kind of studies are necessary to strengthen the idea of future applications of essential oils in the reproductive field due to their antioxidant, antibacterial, or spermicidal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.
| | - Francesca Barone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.
| | - Gianfranco Filippini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Stefania Benvenuti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Pisi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - Maria L Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.
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Nagoor Meeran MF, Javed H, Al Taee H, Azimullah S, Ojha SK. Pharmacological Properties and Molecular Mechanisms of Thymol: Prospects for Its Therapeutic Potential and Pharmaceutical Development. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:380. [PMID: 28694777 PMCID: PMC5483461 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymol, chemically known as 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol is a colorless crystalline monoterpene phenol. It is one of the most important dietary constituents in thyme species. For centuries, it has been used in traditional medicine and has been shown to possess various pharmacological properties including antioxidant, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antispasmodic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiseptic and antitumor activities. The present article presents a detailed review of the scientific literature which reveals the pharmacological properties of thymol and its multiple therapeutic actions against various cardiovascular, neurological, rheumatological, gastrointestinal, metabolic and malignant diseases at both biochemical and molecular levels. The noteworthy effects of thymol are largely attributed to its anti-inflammatory (via inhibiting recruitment of cytokines and chemokines), antioxidant (via scavenging of free radicals, enhancing the endogenous enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and chelation of metal ions), antihyperlipidemic (via increasing the levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreasing the levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in the circulation and membrane stabilization) (via maintaining ionic homeostasis) effects. This review presents an overview of the current in vitro and in vivo data supporting thymol's therapeutic activity and the challenges concerning its use for prevention and its therapeutic value as a dietary supplement or as a pharmacological agent or as an adjuvant along with current therapeutic agents for the treatment of various diseases. It is one of the potential candidates of natural origin that has shown promising therapeutic potential, pharmacological properties and molecular mechanisms as well as pharmacokinetic properties for the pharmaceutical development of thymol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fizur Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hayate Javed
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hasan Al Taee
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sheikh Azimullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shreesh K. Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Bendif H, Boudjeniba M, Miara MD, Biqiku L, Bramucci M, Lupidi G, Quassinti L, Vitali LA, Maggi F. Essential Oil of Thymus munbyanus subsp. coloratus from Algeria: Chemotypification and in vitro Biological Activities. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [PMID: 27685426 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thymus munbyanus subsp. coloratus (Lamiaceae) is a small shrub endemic to Algeria and Morocco where is found in lawns, rockeries and mountainous regions. From a phytochemical point of view this taxon has never been characterized. In this work we have analysed the chemical compositions of the essential oils obtained from inflorescences and vegetative parts by GC/MS. A new chemotype, i.e. borneol-chemotype, was characterized for the first time in the species. Furthermore, we assessed the biological activities of essential oils, namely the antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity on tumor cells that were evaluated by the DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP, disc diffusion, and MTT methods, respectively. Biological assays highlighted a moderate inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans (inhibition zone diameter in the range 9 - 10 mm), and noteworthy cytotoxicity on A375 human melanoma cells (IC50 of 46.95 μg/ml).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Bendif
- Laboratory of Ethnobotany and Natural Substances, Department of Natural Sciences, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), Kouba, B.P N°92 Kouba 16308, Algiers, Algeria.,Natural and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed Boudiaf University, BP 166 M'sila 28000, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Messaoud Boudjeniba
- Laboratory of Ethnobotany and Natural Substances, Department of Natural Sciences, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), Kouba, B.P N°92 Kouba 16308, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Djamel Miara
- Natural and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed Boudiaf University, BP 166 M'sila 28000, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Loreta Biqiku
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, IT-62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Massimo Bramucci
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, IT-62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giulio Lupidi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, IT-62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Luana Quassinti
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, IT-62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Luca A Vitali
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, IT-62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, IT-62032, Camerino, Italy
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