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Wang K, Li Y, Chen Y. Androgen excess: a hallmark of polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1273542. [PMID: 38152131 PMCID: PMC10751361 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1273542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic, reproductive, and psychological disorder affecting 6-20% of reproductive women worldwide. However, there is still no cure for PCOS, and current treatments primarily alleviate its symptoms due to a poor understanding of its etiology. Compelling evidence suggests that hyperandrogenism is not just a primary feature of PCOS. Instead, it may be a causative factor for this condition. Thus, figuring out the mechanisms of androgen synthesis, conversion, and metabolism is relatively important. Traditionally, studies of androgen excess have largely focused on classical androgen, but in recent years, adrenal-derived 11-oxygenated androgen has also garnered interest. Herein, this Review aims to investigate the origins of androgen excess, androgen synthesis, how androgen receptor (AR) signaling mediates adverse PCOS traits, and the role of 11-oxygenated androgen in the pathophysiology of PCOS. In addition, it provides therapeutic strategies targeting hyperandrogenism in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Hirtz R, Libuda L, Hinney A, Föcker M, Bühlmeier J, Holterhus PM, Kulle A, Kiewert C, Kuhnert R, Cohrdes C, Peters T, Hebebrand J, Grasemann C. Age at menarche relates to depression in adolescent girls: Comparing a clinical sample to the general pediatric population. J Affect Disord 2022; 318:103-112. [PMID: 36058357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The timing of puberty, physical features of pubertal development, and hormones are closely intertwined but may also individually contribute to the risk for depression and depression severity. Additionally, their effects on mood may depend on depression severity, but previously this has only been studied in mostly subclinical depression. METHODS In 184 girls from a single psychiatric hospital with significant depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II score > 13), the relationship between depression severity and age at menarche (AAM), pubertal status, and gonadal/adrenal hormones (estradiol, progesterone, DHEA-S, androstenedione, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone) was investigated. Moreover, AAM in depressed girls was compared to that from a representative sample of German adolescents without a psychiatric disorder (N = 1674). Androgen levels were compared to those of age- and sex-matched controls (N = 59). RESULTS AAM but not pubertal stage or biochemical parameters related to depression. Girls with AAM at the lower normative range of pubertal development were 61 % more likely to develop depression and scored 4.9 points higher on the depression scale than girls experiencing menarche at the population average. Androstenedione levels were increased in the psychiatric sample, but neither androgen nor gonadal hormone levels were associated with depression severity. LIMITATIONS The study is cross-sectional. CONCLUSIONS These observations confirm previous studies in mostly subclinical depression and highlight the importance of AAM for adolescent depression. Thus, AAM could be considered a prognostic factor for a clinical risk score assessing the probability of adolescent depression. Moreover, these findings suggest fostering efforts that address risk factors that contribute to an earlier AAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Hirtz
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics II, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr 55, 40211 Essen, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr 21, 40211 Essen, Germany.
| | - Lars Libuda
- Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University Paderborn, Warbuger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr 21, 40211 Essen, Germany
| | - Manuel Föcker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Münster, Schmeddingstr 50, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Judith Bühlmeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr 21, 40211 Essen, Germany
| | - Paul-Martin Holterhus
- Department of Pediatrics I, Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, UKSH, Campus Kiel, and Christian-Albrechts University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kulle
- Department of Pediatrics I, Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, UKSH, Campus Kiel, and Christian-Albrechts University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Cordula Kiewert
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics II, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr 55, 40211 Essen, Germany
| | - Ronny Kuhnert
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, 12101 Berlin
| | - Caroline Cohrdes
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, 12101 Berlin
| | - Triinu Peters
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr 21, 40211 Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr 21, 40211 Essen, Germany
| | - Corinna Grasemann
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rare Diseases and CeSER, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Alexandrinenstr 5, 44791 Bochum, Germany
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Sui Y, Fu J, Zhang S, Li L, Sun X. Investigation of the role of X chromosome inactivation and androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphisms in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss: a prospective case-control study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:805. [PMID: 36324098 PMCID: PMC9628046 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-05113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has revealed that skewed X chromosome inactivation (SXCI) and androgen receptor (AR) CAG polymorphisms are associated with increased risk of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL); however, the results are conflicting, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the role of SXCI and AR CAG polymorphisms in patients with RPL and explored whether the underlying mechanisms were related to the ovarian reserve and preimplantation embryo aneuploidy. METHODS This was a prospective case-control study carried out in a tertiary hospital-based reproductive medicine center. An external validation RPL cohort was recruited during the study period. Data on baseline and cycle characteristics were collected. X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) was measured using a human AR assay. AR polymorphisms were assessed using quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reactions and direct sequencing. Blastocysts of the patients with RPL were tested by single nucleotide polymorphism microarray based preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy. RESULTS In total, 131 patients with idiopathic RPL and 126 controls were included for the case-control study. Patients with RPL exhibited a significantly more skewed XCI distribution pattern (67.71 ± 10.50 vs. 64.22 ± 10.62, p = 0.011), as well as significantly shorter bi-allelic mean (18.56 ± 1.97 vs. 19.34 ± 2.38, p = 0.005) and X-weighted bi-allelic mean (18.46 ± 2.02 vs. 19.38 ± 2.53, p = 0.001) of AR CAG repeats. Multivariate logistic regression models indicated that CAG repeat < 20, SXCI, and duration of stimulation were independently associated with the risk of RPL. However, SXCI and AR CAG polymorphisms were not associated with ovarian reserve or preimplantation embryo aneuploidy in the RPL group, and the same results were attained in a separate validation cohort of 363 patients with RPL. CONCLUSION SXCI and AR CAG polymorphisms are related to RPL; however, these two factors do not lead to RPL by affecting the ovarian reserve or increasing embryo aneuploidy. The roles of SXCI and AR CAG in RPL may involve other mechanisms that require further investigation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02504281, https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov (Date of registration, 21/07/2015; date of enrolment of the first subject, 30/07/2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilun Sui
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Fu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Li
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxi Sun
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Ramadhan RS, Algafari RN, Jarallah AL. Investigating pathogenic SNPs in androgen receptor with direct influence on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00292-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) became one of the main reasons for infertility in women. It has an obvious effect on phenotype represented by hirsutism, increased body mass index, obesity, and acne, while biochemical tests show adverse hormonal imbalance with hyperandrogenism as testosterone levels increases. From molecular level point of view, pathogenic SNPs may change CAG repeats number along androgen receptor (AR) resulting in altered function of the gene causing different affinity to androgen hormones.
Methods
Recruiting 150 patients diagnosed with PCOS for the study, genomic DNA was extracted and amplified using specifically designed exon 1 PCR primers employing gene walking technique. The resulting amplicons were sequenced and thoroughly analyzed for polymorphism and CAG repeats number.
Results
Data obtained from recruiting 150 patients diagnosed with PCOS showed that sequences X:67545209–67545742; X:67545503–67545739 of exon 1 harbored 7 SNPs altered secondary structure of the resulting protein and forced toward the use of CAA as synonymous codon instead of the normal CAGs stretches. This led to produced alternative mRNA that eventually changed nonsense-mediated mRNA decay mechanism.
Conclusion
Probability of PCOS in women with polymorphic AR gene is higher than others, especially women with high number of CAG stretches. The new finding and highlight of this study is that alternative codon usage (CAAs) to produce the same amino acid (Gln) and compensate the reduced number of CAG repeats number may be attributed to epigenetic mechanism to mitigate the adverse effect of such change and maintain a normal function of AR gene. This finding was not previously reported in former studies.
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Chaudhary H, Patel J, Jain NK, Joshi R. The role of polymorphism in various potential genes on polycystic ovary syndrome susceptibility and pathogenesis. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:125. [PMID: 34563259 PMCID: PMC8466925 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00879-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathies affecting the early reproductive age in women, whose pathophysiology perplexes many researchers till today. This syndrome is classically categorized by hyperandrogenism and/or hyperandrogenemia, menstrual and ovulatory dysfunction, bulky multi follicular ovaries on Ultrasonography (USG), and metabolic abnormalities such as hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, obesity. The etiopathogenesis of PCOS is not fully elucidated, but it seems that the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis, ovarian, and/or adrenal androgen secretion may contribute to developing the syndrome. Infertility and poor reproductive health in women's lives are highly associated with elevated levels of androgens. Studies with ovarian theca cells taken from PCOS women have demonstrated increased androgen production due to augmented ovarian steroidogenesis attributed to mainly altered expression of critical enzymes (Cytochrome P450 enzymes: CYP17, CYP21, CYP19, CYP11A) in the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway. Despite the heterogeneity of PCOS, candidate gene studies are the widely used technique to delineate the genetic variants and analyze for the correlation of androgen biosynthesis pathway and those affecting the secretion or action of insulin with PCOS etiology. Linkage and association studies have predicted the relationship between genetic variants and PCOS risk among families or populations. Several genes have been proposed as playing a role in the etiopathogenesis of PCOS, and the presence of mutations and/or polymorphisms has been discovered, which suggests that PCOS has a vital heritable component. The following review summarizes the influence of polymorphisms in crucial genes of the steroidogenesis pathway leading to intraovarian hyperandrogenism which can result in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiral Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India
| | - Jalpa Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India
| | - Nayan K. Jain
- Department of Life Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India
| | - Rushikesh Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India
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Wei L, Xin C, Wang W, Hao C. Microarray analysis of obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome for key gene screening, key pathway identification and drug prediction. Gene 2018; 661:85-94. [PMID: 29601948 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to screen key genes and pathways involved in obese polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and predict drugs for treatment of obese PCOS via bioinformatics approaches. METHODS Microarray dataset GSE10946 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, including 7 cumulus cell samples from obese PCOS patients and 6 lean control samples. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between obese PCOS and controls were obtained using Bayesian test after data preprocessing, followed by functional enrichment analyses for DEGs. Besides, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and sub-network analyses were performed. Furthermore, drug prediction was carried out based on the DEGs. RESULTS A total of 793 DEGs were identified in PCOS compared with control, including 352 up-regulated and 441 down-regulated DEGs. Specifically, upregulated RNA polymerase I subunit B (POLR1B), DNA polymerase epsilon 3, accessory subunit (POLE3), and DNA polymerase delta 3, accessory subunit (POLD3) were enriched in pathway of pyrimidine metabolism associated with obesity and PCOS, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C (HTR2C) was enriched calcium signaling pathway. Additionally, 10 significant potential drugs, such as spironolactone targeting androgen receptor (AR), trimipramine targeting adrenoceptor beta 2 (ADRB2), and L-ornithine targeting ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 3 (OAZ3), were obtained. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, POLR1B, POLE3, POLD3, and HTR2C might play important roles in obese PCOS via involvement of pyrimidine metabolism and calcium signaling pathway. Moreover, AR, ADRB2, and OAZ3 might be targets of spironolactone, trimipramine, and L-ornithine in the treatment of obese PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wei
- Department of Reproductive Medical, The Affiliated Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China; Department of Reproductive Medical, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, PR China
| | - Chunlei Xin
- Department of Hematology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medical, The Affiliated Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China
| | - Cuifang Hao
- Department of Reproductive Medical, The Affiliated Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China.
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Dadachanji R, Shaikh N, Mukherjee S. Genetic Variants Associated with Hyperandrogenemia in PCOS Pathophysiology. GENETICS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7624932. [PMID: 29670770 PMCID: PMC5835258 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7624932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a multifactorial endocrine disorder whose pathophysiology baffles many researchers till today. This syndrome is typically characterized by anovulatory cycles and infertility, altered gonadotropin levels, obesity, and bulky multifollicular ovaries on ultrasound. Hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance are hallmark features of its complex pathophysiology. Hyperandrogenemia is a salient feature of PCOS and a major contributor to cosmetic anomalies including hirsutism, acne, and male pattern alopecia in affected women. Increased androgen levels may be intrinsic or aggravated by preexisting insulin resistance in women with PCOS. Studies have reported augmented ovarian steroidogenesis patterns attributed mainly to theca cell hypertrophy and altered expression of key enzymes in the steroidogenic pathway. Candidate gene studies have been performed in order to delineate the association of polymorphisms in genes, which encode enzymes in the intricate cascade of steroidogenesis or modulate the levels and action of circulating androgens, with risk of PCOS development and its related traits. However, inconsistent findings have impacted the emergence of a unanimously accepted genetic marker for PCOS susceptibility. In the current review, we have summarized the influence of polymorphisms in important androgen related genes in governing genetic predisposition to PCOS and its related metabolic and reproductive traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Dadachanji
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Nuzhat Shaikh
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Srabani Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
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Fenichel P, Rougier C, Hieronimus S, Chevalier N. Which origin for polycystic ovaries syndrome: Genetic, environmental or both? ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2017; 78:176-185. [PMID: 28606381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovaries syndrome (PCOS), the most common female endocrine disorder, affects 7-10% of women of childbearing age. It includes ovarian hyperandrogenism, impaired follicular maturation, anovulation and subfertility. Insulin resistance, although present in most cases, is not necessary for diagnosis. It increases hyperandrogenism and long-term metabolic, cardiovascular and oncological risks. The origin of hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinemia has a genetic component, as demonstrated by familial aggregation studies and recent identification of associated genomic variants, conferring a particular susceptibility to the syndrome. However, experimental and epidemiological evidences also support a developmental origin via a deleterious foetal environment, concerning the endocrine status (foetal hyperandrogenism), the nutritional level (intrauterine growth retardation), or the toxicological exposure (endocrine disruptors). Epigenetic changes recently reported in the literature as associated with PCOS, enhance this hypothesis of foetal reprogramming of the future adult ovarian function by environmental factors. Better characterisation of these genetic, epigenetic, or environmental factors, could lead to earlier prevention and more efficient treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Fenichel
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproduction, groupe hospitalier l'Archet, CHU de Nice, 151, route de Saint-Antoine-de-Ginestière, 06202 Nice, France; Inserm U1065/C3M, hôpital de l'Archet, 151, route de Saint-Antoine-de-Ginestière, 06202 Nice, France.
| | - Charlotte Rougier
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproduction, groupe hospitalier l'Archet, CHU de Nice, 151, route de Saint-Antoine-de-Ginestière, 06202 Nice, France
| | - Sylvie Hieronimus
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproduction, groupe hospitalier l'Archet, CHU de Nice, 151, route de Saint-Antoine-de-Ginestière, 06202 Nice, France
| | - Nicolas Chevalier
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproduction, groupe hospitalier l'Archet, CHU de Nice, 151, route de Saint-Antoine-de-Ginestière, 06202 Nice, France; Inserm U1065/C3M, hôpital de l'Archet, 151, route de Saint-Antoine-de-Ginestière, 06202 Nice, France
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Jiang LL, Xie JK, Cui JQ, Wei D, Yin BL, Zhang YN, Chen YH, Han X, Wang Q, Zhang CL. Promoter methylation of yes-associated protein (YAP1) gene in polycystic ovary syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e5768. [PMID: 28079802 PMCID: PMC5266164 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation modification has been proved to influence the phenotype of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) demonstrate that yes-associated protein (YAP1) genetic sites are associated with PCOS. The study aims to detect the methylation status of YAP1 promoter in ovary granulosa cells (GCs) of PCOS patients and explore novel therapeutic targets for PCOS. METHODS Randomized controlled trial was applied and a total of 72 women were included in the study, including 36 cases of PCOS patients and 36 cases of health controls. Ovary GCs were extracted from in vitro fertilization embryo transfer. Methylation status of YAP1 promoter was detected by bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP). Protein and mRNA expression of YAP1 were measured by western blotting and real-time quantitate PCR. RESULTS Overall methylation level of YAP1 promoter region from PCOS group was significantly lower than that from control group. CpG sites analysis revealed that 12 sites (-443, -431, -403, -371, -331, -120, -49, -5, +1, +9, +15, +22) were significantly hypomethylated in women with PCOS (P < 0.05). A significant upregulation of YAP1 mRNA and protein expression levels was observed. Testosterone concentration could alleviate the methylation status and demonstrate obvious dose-dependent relation. CONCLUSION Our research achievements manifest that hypomethylation of YAP1 promoter promotes the YAP1 expression, which plays a key role in the pathogenesis and accelerate PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Le Jiang
- Second Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province
| | - Juan-Ke Xie
- Reproductive Medical Center, People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Quan Cui
- Second Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province
| | - Duo Wei
- Reproductive Medical Center, People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Li Yin
- Reproductive Medical Center, People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- Reproductive Medical Center, People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Hui Chen
- Reproductive Medical Center, People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- Reproductive Medical Center, People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Reproductive Medical Center, People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Lian Zhang
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province
- Reproductive Medical Center, People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
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Casarini L, Simoni M, Brigante G. Is polycystic ovary syndrome a sexual conflict? A review. Reprod Biomed Online 2016; 32:350-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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