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Tímermans A, Otero F, Garrido M, Gosálvez J, Johnston S, Fernández JL. The relationship between sperm nuclear DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial DNA fragmentation, and copy number in normal and abnormal human ejaculates. Andrology 2024; 12:870-880. [PMID: 37786274 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While it is common to clinically evaluate sperm nuclear DNA fragmentation, less attention has been given to sperm mitochondrial DNA. Recently, a digital PCR assay has allowed accurate estimation of the proportion of fragmented mtDNA molecules and relative copy number. OBJECTIVES To determine the correlation of classical sperm parameters, average mtDNA copies per spermatozoon and the level of mtDNA fragmentation (SDF-mtDNA) to that of nuclear DNA fragmentation (SDF-nDNA), measured as the proportion of global, single-strand DNA (SDF-SSBs) and double-strand DNA breaks (SDF-DSBs). To determine whether the level of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA fragmentation and/or copy number can differentiate normozoospermic from non-normozoospermic samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ejaculates from 29 normozoospermic and 43 non-normozoospermic were evaluated. SDF was determined using the sperm chromatin dispersion assay. mtDNA copy number and SDF-mtDNA were analyzed using digital PCR assays. RESULTS Relative mtDNA copy increased as sperm concentration or motility decreased, or abnormal morphology increased. Unlike SDF-mtDNA, mtDNA copy number was not correlated with SDF-nDNA. SDF-mtDNA increased as the concentration or proportion of non-vital sperm increased; the higher the mtDNA copy number, the lower the level of fragmentation. Non-normozoospermic samples showed double the level of SDF-nDNA compared to normozoospermic (median 25.00 vs. 13.67). mtDNA copy number per spermatozoon was 3× higher in non-normozoospermic ejaculates (median 16.06 vs. 4.99). Although logistic regression revealed SDF-Global and mtDNA copy number as independent risk factors for non-normozoospermia, when SDF-Global and mtDNA copy number were combined, ROC curve analysis resulted in an even stronger discriminatory ability for predicting the probability of non-normozoospermia (AUC = 0.85, 95% CI 0.76-0.94, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION High-quality ejaculates show lower nuclear SDF and retain less mtDNA copies, with approximately half of them fragmented, so that the absolute number of non-fragmented mtDNA molecules per spermatozoon is extremely low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Tímermans
- INIBIC-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Radiobiology, Centro Oncológico de Galicia, Doctor Camilo Veiras, Spain
| | - Fátima Otero
- INIBIC-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Radiobiology, Centro Oncológico de Galicia, Doctor Camilo Veiras, Spain
| | - Manuel Garrido
- Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), Clinical Analysis Service, Spain
| | - Jaime Gosálvez
- Genetics Unit, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephen Johnston
- School of Environment, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Gatton, Australia
| | - José Luis Fernández
- INIBIC-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Radiobiology, Centro Oncológico de Galicia, Doctor Camilo Veiras, Spain
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Pérez Casasús S, Luongo FP, Haxhiu A, Orini M, Scupoli G, Governini L, Piomboni P, Buratini J, Dal Canto M, Luddi A. Paternal Age Amplifies Cryopreservation-Induced Stress in Human Spermatozoa. Cells 2024; 13:625. [PMID: 38607064 PMCID: PMC11011712 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The global fall in male fertility is a complicated process driven by a variety of factors, including environmental exposure, lifestyle, obesity, stress, and aging. The availability of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has allowed older couples to conceive, increasing the average paternal age at first childbirth. Advanced paternal age (APA), most often considered male age ≥40, has been described to impact several aspects of male reproductive physiology. In this prospective cohort study including 200 normozoospermic patients, 105 of whom were ≤35 years (non-APA), and 95 of whom were ≥42 years (APA), we assessed the impact of paternal age on different endpoints representative of sperm quality and cryopreservation tolerance. Non-APA patients had superior fresh semen quality; DNA fragmentation was notably increased in APA as compared to non-APA individuals (21.7% vs. 15.4%). Cryopreservation further increased the DNA fragmentation index in APA (26.7%) but not in non-APA patients. Additionally, APA was associated with increased mtDNAcn in both fresh and frozen/thawed sperm, which is indicative of poorer mitochondrial quality. Cryopreservation negatively impacted acrosome integrity in both age groups, as indicated by reduced incidences of unreacted acrosome in relation to fresh counterparts in non-APA (from 71.5% to 57.7%) and APA patients (from 75% to 63%). Finally, cryopreservation significantly reduced the phosphorylation status of proteins containing tyrosine residues in sperm from young males. Therefore, the present findings shed light on the effects of paternal age and cryopreservation on sperm quality and serve as valuable new parameters to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying sperm developmental competence that are under threat in current ART practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pérez Casasús
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.C.); (F.P.L.); (A.H.); (M.O.); (G.S.); (L.G.); (A.L.)
| | - Francesca Paola Luongo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.C.); (F.P.L.); (A.H.); (M.O.); (G.S.); (L.G.); (A.L.)
| | - Alesandro Haxhiu
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.C.); (F.P.L.); (A.H.); (M.O.); (G.S.); (L.G.); (A.L.)
| | - Martina Orini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.C.); (F.P.L.); (A.H.); (M.O.); (G.S.); (L.G.); (A.L.)
| | - Giorgia Scupoli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.C.); (F.P.L.); (A.H.); (M.O.); (G.S.); (L.G.); (A.L.)
| | - Laura Governini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.C.); (F.P.L.); (A.H.); (M.O.); (G.S.); (L.G.); (A.L.)
| | - Paola Piomboni
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.C.); (F.P.L.); (A.H.); (M.O.); (G.S.); (L.G.); (A.L.)
| | - Jose Buratini
- Biogenesi Reproductive Medicine Center, Istituti Clinici Zucchi, 20900 Monza, Italy; (J.B.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Mariabeatrice Dal Canto
- Biogenesi Reproductive Medicine Center, Istituti Clinici Zucchi, 20900 Monza, Italy; (J.B.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Alice Luddi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.C.); (F.P.L.); (A.H.); (M.O.); (G.S.); (L.G.); (A.L.)
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Moustakli E, Zikopoulos A, Skentou C, Bouba I, Tsirka G, Stavros S, Vrachnis D, Vrachnis N, Potiris A, Georgiou I, Zachariou A. Sperm Mitochondrial Content and Mitochondrial DNA to Nuclear DNA Ratio Are Associated with Body Mass Index and Progressive Motility. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3014. [PMID: 38002013 PMCID: PMC10669626 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction is a risk factor in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. According to the energy requirements, oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain work together to produce ATP in sufficient quantities in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. Abnormal mitochondrial activity causes fat accumulation and insulin resistance as cells require a balance between the production of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the mitochondria and the dissipation of the proton gradient to reduce damage from reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study aims to explore the relationship between the mitochondrial content of sperm and the ratio of mitochondrial DNA to nuclear DNA in relation to body mass index (BMI) and how it may affect the progressive motility of sperm cell. Understanding the relationships between these important variables will help us better understand the possible mechanisms that could connect sperm motility and quality to BMI, as well as further our understanding of male fertility and reproductive health. METHODS Data were collected from 100 men who underwent IVF/ICSI at the University Hospital of Ioannina's IVF Unit in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department. The body mass index (BMI) of the males tested was used to classify them as normal weight; overweight; and obese. Evaluations included sperm morphology; sperm count; sperm motility; and participant history. RESULTS In the group of men with normal BMI, both BMI and progressive motility displayed a statistically significant association (p < 0.05) with mitochondrial DNA content, relative mitochondrial DNA copy number, and the mtDNA/nDNA ratio. Similar to this, there was a positive association between BMI and motility in the groups of men who were overweight and obese, as well as between the expression of mitochondrial DNA and the mtDNA/nDNA ratio, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). There was not a statistically significant difference observed in the association between the relative mtDNA copy number and BMI or motility for the overweight group. Finally, the relative mtDNA copy number in the obese group was only associated with motility (p = 0.034) and not with BMI (p = 0.24). CONCLUSIONS We found that in all three groups, BMI and progressive motility exhibited comparable relationships with mitochondrial DNA expression and the mtDNA/nDNA ratio. However, only in the normal group and in the obese group, the relative mitochondrial DNA copy number showed a positive association with BMI and progressive motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthalia Moustakli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (I.B.); (G.T.); (I.G.)
| | | | - Charikleia Skentou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School of Ioannina, University General Hospital, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Ioanna Bouba
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (I.B.); (G.T.); (I.G.)
| | - Georgia Tsirka
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (I.B.); (G.T.); (I.G.)
| | - Sofoklis Stavros
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (S.S.); (N.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Dionysios Vrachnis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Vrachnis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (S.S.); (N.V.); (A.P.)
- Vascular Biology, Molecular, and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Anastasios Potiris
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (S.S.); (N.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Ioannis Georgiou
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (I.B.); (G.T.); (I.G.)
| | - Athanasios Zachariou
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Ioannina University, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
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Yang P, Deng LJ, Xie JY, Li XJ, Wang XN, Sun B, Meng TQ, Xiong CL, Huang YC, Wang YX, Pan A, Chen D, Yang Y. Phthalate exposure with sperm quality among healthy Chinese male adults: The role of sperm cellular function. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 331:121755. [PMID: 37142207 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Adverse male reproduction caused by phthalate ester (PAE) exposure has been well documented in vivo. However, existing evidence from population studies remains inadequate to demonstrate the impact of PAE exposure on spermatogenesis and underlying mechanisms. Our present study aimed to explore the potential link between PAE exposure and sperm quality and the possible mediation by sperm mitochondrial and telomere in healthy male adults recruited from the Hubei Province Human Sperm Bank, China. Nine PAEs were determined in one pooled urine sample prepared from multiple collections during the spermatogenesis period from the same participant. Sperm telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) were determined in sperm samples. The sperm concentration and count per quartile increment in mixture concentrations were -4.10 million/mL (-7.12, -1.08) and -13.52% (-21.62%, -4.59%), respectively. We found one quartile increase in PAE mixture concentrations to be marginally associated with sperm mtDNAcn (β = 0.09, 95% CI: -0.01, 0.19). Mediation analysis showed that sperm mtDNAcn significantly explained 24.6% and 32.5% of the relationships of mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) with sperm concentration and sperm count (β = -0.44 million/mL, 95% CI: -0.82, -0.08; β = -1.35, 95% CI: -2.54, -0.26, respectively). Our study provided a novel insight into the mixed effect of PAEs on adverse semen quality and the potential mediation role of sperm mtDNAcn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, 230032, PR China
| | - Lang-Jing Deng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jin-Ying Xie
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jie Li
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Na Wang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Tian-Qing Meng
- Hubei Province Human Sperm Bank, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Cheng-Liang Xiong
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yi-Chao Huang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China
| | - Yi-Xin Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Da Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Jieyang, 515200, Guangdong, PR China; Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou, 515041, PR China.
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Sun B, Hou J, Ye YX, Chen HG, Duan P, Chen YJ, Xiong CL, Wang YX, Pan A. Sperm mitochondrial DNA copy number in relation to semen quality: A cross-sectional study of 1164 potential sperm donors. BJOG 2022; 129:2098-2106. [PMID: 35274799 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and semen quality. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Hubei Province Human Sperm Bank of China (from April 2017 to July 2018). POPULATION A total of 1164 healthy male sperm donors with 5739 specimens. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure sperm mtDNAcn. We also determined semen volume, concentration and motility parameters (progressive motility, nonprogressive motility and immotility). METHODS Mixed-effect models and general linear models were uses. RESULTS After adjusting for relevant confounding factors, mixed-effect models revealed diminished sperm motility (progressive and total), concentration, and total count across the quartiles of mtDNAcn (all P < 0.05). Compared with men in the lowest quartile, men in the highest quartile of mtDNAcn had lower progressive sperm motility, total motility, concentration and total count of -8.9% (95% CI -12.7% to -5.0%), -8.0% (95% CI -11.6% to -4.4%), -42.8% (95% CI -47.7% to -37.4%), and - 44.3% (95% CI -50.1% to -37.7%), respectively. These inverse dose-response relationships were further confirmed in the cubic spline models, where mtDNAcn was modelled as a continuous variable. CONCLUSIONS We found that mtDNAcn was inversely associated with semen quality in a dose-dependent manner. Our results provide novel clues that sperm mtDNAcn may serve as a useful predictor of human semen characteristics. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Sperm mitochondrial DNA copy number was markedly associated with diminished sperm motility (progressive and total), concentration and total count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi-Xiang Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Heng-Gui Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Clinical Research and Translation Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Peng Duan
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Ying-Jun Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cheng-Liang Xiong
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Province Human Sperm Bank, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi-Xin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Vozdova M, Kubickova S, Rubes J. Spectrum of sperm mtDNA deletions in men exposed to industrial air pollution. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 882:503538. [PMID: 36155140 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sperm mtDNA status can serve as a molecular marker of oxidative stress and environmental exposure. High levels of air pollution may be associated with increased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion rates in sperm. We compared the length spectra of sperm mtDNA deletions in semen samples collected from city policemen exposed to traffic and industrial air pollution in two seasons with different levels of air pollution. We used long-range PCR to amplify a fragment of mtDNA (8066 bp) frequently affected by deletions, visualized the PCR products by gel electrophoresis, and analysed aberrant bands corresponding to deleted mtDNA, using gel documentation software. The predominance of undeleted sperm mtDNA was accompanied by a variety of shorter PCR product lengths in the vast majority of sperm samples, in both seasons. Sperm mtDNA molecules and bands corresponding to long deletions were more frequently detected than shorter deletions, in both seasons. We did not detect any difference in the total number of electrophoretic bands corresponding to deleted sperm mtDNA and in the number of deleted sperm mtDNA molecules between the two seasons. In our study, air pollution during sperm maturation did not induce formation of large mtDNA deletions detectable by long PCR and gel electrophoresis (>1 kb) in maturing sperm mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miluse Vozdova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Svatava Kubickova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Rubes
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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Arya D, Balasinor N, Singh D. Varicocele associated male infertility: cellular and molecular perspectives of pathophysiology. Andrology 2022; 10:1463-1483. [PMID: 36040837 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varicocele is a common risk factor associated with reduced male fertility potential. The current understanding of varicocele pathophysiology does not completely explain the clinical manifestation of infertility. The present treatment options such as antioxidant supplementation and varicocelectomy only helps ∼35% of men to achieve spontaneous pregnancy. OBJECTIVE This review aims to summarize the available knowledge on cellular and molecular alterations implicated to varicocele associated male infertility and also highlights the new knowledge generated by 'Omics' technologies. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane and Google Scholar databases are searched using different combinations of keywords (varicocele, infertile/fertile men with varicocele, cellular changes, molecular mechanisms, proteome, epigenome, transcriptome and metabolome). A total of 229 relevant human and animal studies published till 2021 were included in this review. RESULTS Current understanding advocates oxidative stress (OS) as a major contributory factor to the varicocele associated male infertility. Excessive OS causes alteration in testicular microenvironment and sperm DNA fragmentation which further contributes to infertility. Molecular and omics studies have identified several promising biomarkers such as AAMP, SPINT1, MKI67 (genetic markers), sperm quality and function related protein markers, global sperm DNA methylation level (epigenetic marker), Hspa2, Protamine, Gadd7, Dynlt1 and Beclin1 (mRNA markers), PRDX2, HSPA, APOA2, YKL40 (seminal protein markers), total choline and PHGDH (metabolic markers). DISCUSSION Mature spermatozoa harbours a plethora of molecular information in form of proteome, epigenome and transcriptome; which could provide very important clues regarding pathophysiology of varicocele associated infertility. Recent molecular and omics studies in infertile men with varicocele have identified several promising biomarkers. Upon further validation with larger and well-defined studies, some of these biomarkers could aid in varicocele management. CONCLUSION The present evidences suggest inclusion of OS and sperm DNA fragmentation tests could be useful to the diagnostic workup for men with varicocele. Furthermore, including precise molecular markers may assist in diagnostics and prognostics of varicocele associated male infertility. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepshikha Arya
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Nafisa Balasinor
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Dipty Singh
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
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Susilowati S, Mustofa I, Wurlina W, Hernawati T, Oktanella Y, Soeharsono S, Purwanto DA. Green Tea Extract in the Extender Improved the Post-Thawed Semen Quality and Decreased Amino Acid Mutation of Kacang Buck Sperm. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9080403. [PMID: 36006318 PMCID: PMC9413626 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was the first to combine the addition of antioxidants to a skim milk–egg yolk (SM–EY) extender and different equilibration periods to obtain higher quality post-thawed Kacang buck semen. This study aimed to determine the effects of green tea extract (GTE) on the quality of frozen Kacang goat sperm equilibrated for one and two hours. The pool of Kacang buck ejaculate was equally divided into four portions and was diluted in an SM–EY extender that contained four doses of 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 mg of GTE/100 mL for T0, T1, T2, and T3 groups, respectively. The aliquots were treated for an equilibration period of 1–2 h before further processing as frozen semen. Post-thawed semen quality was evaluated for sperm quality. The Sanger method was used for DNA sequencing, and the amino acid sequence was read using MEGA v.7.0. The post-thawed semen of the T2 group that was equilibrated for one hour had the highest semen quality. Pre-freezing motility had the highest determination coefficient compared to post-thawed sperm motility. This study is the first to report amino acid mutation due to freeze–thawing. The frequency of amino acid mutations revealed that T2 was the least mutated amino acid. Glycine, valine, leucine, serine, and asparagine strongly correlated to post-thawed sperm motility. It can be concluded that a combination of 0.1 mg GTE/100 mL extender as an antioxidant and one-hour equilibration period resulted in the best post-thawed Kacang buck semen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suherni Susilowati
- Division of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; (S.S.); (W.W.); (T.H.)
| | - Imam Mustofa
- Division of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; (S.S.); (W.W.); (T.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +62-812-356-1540; Fax: +62-31-599-3015
| | - Wurlina Wurlina
- Division of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; (S.S.); (W.W.); (T.H.)
| | - Tatik Hernawati
- Division of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; (S.S.); (W.W.); (T.H.)
| | - Yudit Oktanella
- Division of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang City 65145, Indonesia;
| | - Soeharsono Soeharsono
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia;
| | - Djoko Agus Purwanto
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia;
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9
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OUP accepted manuscript. Hum Reprod 2022; 37:669-679. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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10
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Popova D, Bhide P, D'Antonio F, Basnet P, Acharya G. Sperm mitochondrial DNA copy numbers in normal and abnormal semen analysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG 2021; 129:1434-1446. [PMID: 34954901 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normal mature sperm have a considerably reduced number of mitochondria which provide the energy required for progressive sperm motility. Literature suggests that disorders of sperm motility may be linked to abnormal sperm mitochondrial number and function. OBJECTIVES To summarize the evidence from literature regarding the association of mitochondrial DNA copy numbers and semen quality with a particular emphasis on the spermatozoa motility. SEARCH STRATEGY Standard methodology recommended by Cochrane. SELECTION CRITERIA All published primary research reporting on the association between mitochondrial DNA copy numbers and semen quality. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Using standard methodology recommended by Cochrane we pooled results using a random effects model and the findings were reported as a standardised mean difference. MAIN RESULTS We included 10 studies. The primary outcome was sperm mitochondrial DNA copy numbers. A meta-analysis including five studies showed significantly higher mitochondrial DNA copy numbers in abnormal semen analysis as compared to normal semen analysis(SMD 1.08, 95% CI 0.74-1.43). Seven studies included in the meta-analysis showed a significant negative correlation between mitochondrial DNA copy numbers and semen parameters. The quality of evidence was assessed as good to very good in 60% of studies. CONCLUSIONS Our review demonstrates significantly higher mitochondrial DNA in human sperm cells of men with abnormal semen analysis in comparison to men with normal semen analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Popova
- Women´s Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Priya Bhide
- Women´s Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Homerton Fertility Centre, Homerton University Hospital, London, UK
| | - Francesco D'Antonio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre for Fetal Care and High-risk Pregnancy, University of Chieti, Italy
| | - Purusotam Basnet
- Women´s Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ganesh Acharya
- Women´s Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Fetal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Knief U, Forstmeier W, Kempenaers B, Wolf JBW. A sex chromosome inversion is associated with copy number variation of mitochondrial DNA in zebra finch sperm. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:211025. [PMID: 34540261 PMCID: PMC8437020 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The propulsion of sperm cells via movement of the flagellum is of vital importance for successful fertilization. While the exact mechanism of energy production for this movement varies between species, in avian species energy is thought to come predominantly from the mitochondria located in the sperm midpiece. Larger midpieces may contain more mitochondria, which should enhance the energetic capacity and possibly promote mobility. Due to an inversion polymorphism on their sex chromosome TguZ, zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata castanotis) exhibit large within-species variation in sperm midpiece length, and those sperm with the longest midpieces swim the fastest. Here, we test through quantitative real-time PCR in zebra finch ejaculates whether the inversion genotype has an effect on the copy number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). We find that zebra finches carrying the derived allele (correlated with longer sperm midpieces) have more copies of the mtDNA in their ejaculates than those homozygous for the ancestral allele (shorter midpieces). We suggest downstream effects of mtDNA copy number variation on the rate of adenosine triphosphate production, which in turn may influence sperm swimming speed and fertilization success. Central components of gamete energy metabolism may thus be the proximate cause for a fitness-relevant genetic polymorphism, stabilizing a megabase-scale inversion at an intermediate allele frequency in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Knief
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Forstmeier
- Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen 82319, Germany
| | - Bart Kempenaers
- Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen 82319, Germany
| | - Jochen B. W. Wolf
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
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12
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Ma H, Van Dyken C, Darby H, Mikhalchenko A, Marti-Gutierrez N, Koski A, Liang D, Li Y, Tippner-Hedges R, Kang E, Lee Y, Sidener H, Ramsey C, Hodge T, Amato P, Mitalipov S. Germline transmission of donor, maternal and paternal mtDNA in primates. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:493-505. [PMID: 33289786 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are the long-term developmental, reproductive and genetic consequences of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) in primates? SUMMARY ANSWER Longitudinal investigation of MRT rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) generated with donor mtDNA that is exceedingly distant from the original maternal counterpart suggest that their growth, general health and fertility is unremarkable and similar to controls. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Mitochondrial gene mutations contribute to a diverse range of incurable human disorders. MRT via spindle transfer in oocytes was developed and proposed to prevent transmission of pathogenic mtDNA mutations from mothers to children. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The study provides longitudinal studies on general health, fertility as well as transmission and segregation of parental mtDNA haplotypes to various tissues and organs in five adult MRT rhesus macaques and their offspring. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS MRT was achieved by spindle transfer between metaphase II oocytes from genetically divergent rhesus macaque populations. After fertilization of oocytes with sperm, heteroplasmic zygotes contained an unequal mixture of three parental genomes, i.e. donor (≥97%), maternal (≤3%), and paternal (≤0.1%) mitochondrial (mt)DNA. MRT monkeys were grown to adulthood and their development and general health was regularly monitored. Reproductive fitness of male and female MRT macaques was evaluated by time-mated breeding and production of live offspring. The relative contribution of donor, maternal, and paternal mtDNA was measured by whole mitochondrial genome sequencing in all organs and tissues of MRT animals and their offspring. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Both male and female MRT rhesus macaques containing unequal mixture of three parental genomes, i.e. donor (≥97%), maternal (≤3%), and paternal (≤0.1%) mtDNA reached healthy adulthood, were fertile and most animals stably maintained the initial ratio of parental mtDNA heteroplasmy and donor mtDNA was transmitted from females to offspring. However, in one monkey out of four analyzed, initially negligible maternal mtDNA heteroplasmy levels increased substantially up to 17% in selected internal tissues and organs. In addition, two monkeys showed paternal mtDNA contribution up to 33% in selected internal tissues and organs. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Conclusions in this study were made on a relatively low number of MRT monkeys, and on only one F1 (first generation) female. In addition, monkey MRT involved two wildtype mtDNA haplotypes, but not disease-relevant variants. Clinical trials on children born after MRT will be required to fully determine safety and efficacy of MRT for humans. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our data show that MRT is compatible with normal postnatal development including overall health and reproductive fitness in nonhuman primates without any detected adverse effects. 'Mismatched' donor mtDNA in MRT animals even from the genetically distant mtDNA haplotypes did not cause secondary mitochondrial dysfunction. However, carry-over maternal or paternal mtDNA contributions increased substantially in selected internal tissues / organs of some MRT animals implying the possibility of mtDNA mutation recurrence. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work has been funded by the grants from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund, the National Institutes of Health (RO1AG062459 and P51 OD011092), National Research Foundation of Korea (2018R1D1A1B07043216) and Oregon Health & Science University institutional funds. The authors declare no competing interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ma
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Crystal Van Dyken
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Hayley Darby
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Aleksei Mikhalchenko
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nuria Marti-Gutierrez
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amy Koski
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Dan Liang
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Rebecca Tippner-Hedges
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Eunju Kang
- Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonmi Lee
- Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heather Sidener
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Cathy Ramsey
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Travis Hodge
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Paula Amato
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Shoukhrat Mitalipov
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
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13
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Rosati AJ, Whitcomb BW, Brandon N, Buck Louis GM, Mumford SL, Schisterman EF, Pilsner JR. Sperm mitochondrial DNA biomarkers and couple fecundity. Hum Reprod 2021; 35:2619-2625. [PMID: 33021643 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do sperm mitochondrial DNA measures predict probability of pregnancy among couples in the general population? SUMMARY ANSWER Those with high sperm mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) had as much as 50% lower odds of cycle-specific pregnancy, and 18% lower probability of pregnancy within 12 months. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Semen parameters have been found to poorly predict reproductive success yet are the most prevalent diagnostic tool for male infertility. Increased sperm mtDNAcn and mitochondrial DNA deletions (mtDNAdel) have been associated with decreased semen quality and lower odds of fertilization in men seeking fertility treatment. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A population-based prospective cohort study of couples discontinuing contraception to become pregnant recruited from 16 US counties from 2005 to 2009 followed for up to 16 months. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Sperm mtDNAcn and mtDNAdel from 384 semen samples were assessed via triplex probe-based quantitative PCR. Probability of pregnancy within 1 year was compared by mitochondrial DNA, and discrete-time proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the relations with time-to-pregnancy (TTP) with adjustment for covariates. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Higher sperm mtDNAcn was associated with lower pregnancy probability within 12 months and longer TTP. In unadjusted comparisons by quartile (Q), those in Q4 had a pregnancy probability of 63.5% (95% CI: 53.1% to 73.1%) compared to 82.3% (95% CI: 73.2% to 89.9%) for Q1 (P = 0.002). Similar results were observed in survival analyses adjusting for covariates to estimate fecundability odds ratios (FORs) comparing mtDNAcn in quartiles. Relative to those in Q1 of mtDNAcn, FORs (95% CI) were for Q2 of 0.78 (0.52 to 1.16), Q3 of 0.65 (0.44 to 0.96) and Q4 of 0.55 (0.37 to 0.81), and this trend of decreasing fecundability with increasing mtDNAcn quartile was statistically significant (FOR per log mtDNAcn = 0.37; P < 0.001). Sperm mtDNAdel was not associated with TTP. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This prospective cohort study consisted primarily of Caucasian men and women and thus large diverse cohorts are necessary to confirm the associations between sperm mtDNAcn and couple pregnancy success in other races/ethnicities. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our results demonstrate that sperm mtDNAcn has utility as a biomarker of male reproductive health and probability of pregnancy success in the general population. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was funded in part by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (R01-ES028298; PI: J.R.P.) and the Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Contracts N01-HD-3-3355, N01-HD-3-3356 and N01-HD-3-3358). The authors declare no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson J Rosati
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Brian W Whitcomb
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Nicole Brandon
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Germaine M Buck Louis
- Dean's Office of the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Sunni L Mumford
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Enrique F Schisterman
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Richard Pilsner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
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14
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Mustofa I, Susilowati S, Wurlina W, Hernawati T, Oktanella Y. Green tea extract increases the quality and reduced DNA mutation of post-thawed Kacang buck sperm. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06372. [PMID: 33732926 PMCID: PMC7944040 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the addition of green tea extract (GTE) in extender on the quality and DNA mutation of post-thawed Kacang buck sperm. The sperm DNA mutation was observed on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride (NADH) dehydrogenase 1 (ND1) of mitochondrial Deoxyribonucleic Acid (mtDNA). A pool of 12 Kacang buck ejaculates was diluted in skim milk-egg yolk extender contained 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 mg of GTE/100 mL for T0, T1, T2, and T3 group, respectively. Each of the aliquot groups was packaged in 0.25 mL French mini straw contained 60 million alive sperm and froze according to the protocol. The ND1 mtDNA amplification of samples was carried out Polymerase Chain Reaction machine, followed by DNA sequencing using the Sanger method. Meanwhile, the phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method with MEGA 7.0 software. The results showed that the T2 group maintained the highest quality for Kacang buck post-thawed semen. There was the highest percentages of sperms viability, motility, intact plasma membrane (IPM), the lowest of malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF), the total and types of ND1 mtDNA mutation frequency. The phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the clade of the T2 group was most closely related to the sequence reference. However, there was no correlation between the semen quality parameters (sperm viability, motility, IPM, MDA concentration, and SDF) with ND1 mtDNA mutation of post-thawed Kacang buck semen. It could be concluded that GTE was useful as an antioxidant for Kacang buck semen extender for frozen sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imam Mustofa
- Department of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Unair, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Suherni Susilowati
- Department of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Unair, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Wurlina Wurlina
- Department of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Unair, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Tatik Hernawati
- Department of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Unair, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Yudit Oktanella
- Department of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Ketawanggede, Lowokwaru, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
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15
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Boguenet M, Bouet PE, Spiers A, Reynier P, May-Panloup P. Mitochondria: their role in spermatozoa and in male infertility. Hum Reprod Update 2021; 27:697-719. [PMID: 33555313 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The best-known role of spermatozoa is to fertilize the oocyte and to transmit the paternal genome to offspring. These highly specialized cells have a unique structure consisting of all the elements absolutely necessary to each stage of fertilization and to embryonic development. Mature spermatozoa are made up of a head with the nucleus, a neck, and a flagellum that allows motility and that contains a midpiece with a mitochondrial helix. Mitochondria are central to cellular energy production but they also have various other functions. Although mitochondria are recognized as essential to spermatozoa, their exact pathophysiological role and their functioning are complex. Available literature relative to mitochondria in spermatozoa is dense and contradictory in some cases. Furthermore, mitochondria are only indirectly involved in cytoplasmic heredity as their DNA, the paternal mitochondrial DNA, is not transmitted to descendants. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONAL This review aims to summarize available literature on mitochondria in spermatozoa, and, in particular, that with respect to humans, with the perspective of better understanding the anomalies that could be implicated in male infertility. SEARCH METHODS PubMed was used to search the MEDLINE database for peer-reviewed original articles and reviews pertaining to human spermatozoa and mitochondria. Searches were performed using keywords belonging to three groups: 'mitochondria' or 'mitochondrial DNA', 'spermatozoa' or 'sperm' and 'reactive oxygen species' or 'calcium' or 'apoptosis' or signaling pathways'. These keywords were combined with other relevant search phrases. References from these articles were used to obtain additional articles. OUTCOMES Mitochondria are central to the metabolism of spermatozoa and they are implicated in energy production, redox equilibrium and calcium regulation, as well as apoptotic pathways, all of which are necessary for flagellar motility, capacitation, acrosome reaction and gametic fusion. In numerous cases, alterations in one of the aforementioned functions could be linked to a decline in sperm quality and/or infertility. The link between the mitochondrial genome and the quality of spermatozoa appears to be more complex. Although the quantity of mtDNA, and the existence of large-scale deletions therein, are inversely correlated to sperm quality, the effects of mutations seem to be heterogeneous and particularly related to their pathogenicity. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The importance of the role of mitochondria in reproduction, and particularly in gamete quality, has recently emerged following numerous publications. Better understanding of male infertility is of great interest in the current context where a significant decline in sperm quality has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalie Boguenet
- MITOVASC Institute, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers 49000, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Bouet
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Angers University Hospital, Angers 49000, France
| | - Andrew Spiers
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Angers University Hospital, Angers 49000, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- MITOVASC Institute, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers 49000, France.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Angers University Hospital, Angers 49000, France
| | - Pascale May-Panloup
- MITOVASC Institute, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers 49000, France.,Reproductive Biology Unit, Angers University Hospital, Angers 49000, France
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16
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Momordica cymbalaria improves reproductive parameters in alloxan-induced male diabetic rats. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:76. [PMID: 33505831 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02612-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Male reproductive dysfunction is one of the common complications of diabetes mellitus that causes infertility. This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of Momordica cymbalaria (M. cymbalaria) extracts on diabetes mediated reproductive toxicity in male Wistar rats. The induction of diabetes was performed using a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (120 mg/kg). Skin and seed extracts (250 and 500 mg/kg) of M. cymbalaria were orally administered to alloxan-induced diabetic male rats for 28 days. Postprandial blood glucose (PBG) levels were recorded at 7-day interval for four weeks. The effects of the treatment on blood glucose, weight of reproductive organs, sperm count, testosterone levels, antioxidant capacity, and histomorphology were evaluated. Treatment with the above extracts of M. cymbalaria significantly (p < 0.05) improved the reproductive parameters as well as the antioxidant levels superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) in the diabetic rats. Also, oral treatment with M. cymbalaria extracts significantly reduced the PBG and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Further, it revived the histomorphology of reproductive organs in diabetic rats. Interestingly, skin extract at a dose of 500 mg/kg was found to be more efficient in elevating the level of testosterone and sperm count in the diabetic rats. Based on the results, it is clear that M. cymbalaria not only regulates the postprandial blood glucose levels but also improves the reproductive health in the diabetic state.
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17
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Oluwayiose OA, Josyula S, Houle E, Marcho C, Brian W Whitcomb, Rahil T, Sites CK, Pilsner JR. Association between sperm mitochondarial DNA copy number and nuclear DNA methylation. Epigenomics 2020; 12:2141-2153. [PMID: 33320694 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Accumulating evidence associates sperm mitochondria DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) with male infertility and reproductive success. However, the mechanism underlying mtDNAcn variation is largely unknown. Patients & methods: Sperm mtDNAcn and genome-wide DNA methylation were assessed using triplex probe-based quantitative PCR and Illumina's 450K array, respectively. Multivariable models assessed the association between sperm mtDNAcn and DNA methylation profiles of 47 men seeking infertility treatment. Results: A priori candidate-gene approach showed sperm mtDNAcn was associated with 16 CpGs located at/near POLG and TWNK genes. Unbiased genome-wide analysis revealed that sperm mtDNAcn was associated with 218 sperm differentially methylated regions (q < 0.05), which displayed predominantly (94%) increases in methylation. Conclusion: Findings suggest that DNA methylation may play a role in regulating sperm mtDNAcn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladele A Oluwayiose
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Srinihaari Josyula
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Emily Houle
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Chelsea Marcho
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Brian W Whitcomb
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 715 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01002, USA
| | - Tayyab Rahil
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Baystate Medical Center, 759 Chestnut Street, Springfield, MA 01199, USA
| | - Cynthia K Sites
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Baystate Medical Center, 759 Chestnut Street, Springfield, MA 01199, USA
| | - J Richard Pilsner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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18
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Ye M, Shi W, Hao Y, Zhang L, Chen S, Wang L, He X, Li S, Xu C. Associations of mitochondrial DNA copy number and deletion rate with early pregnancy loss. Mitochondrion 2020; 55:48-53. [PMID: 32738357 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Early pregnancy loss (EPL) is a common event worldwide. Previous studies show that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number (CN) is associated with semen parameters and preimplantation embryo viability, indicating the predictive potential of mtDNA CN for ongoing pregnancy outcomes. However, no relevant study has assessed the relationship between mtDNA CN and EPL. Thus, we aimed to determine whether mtDNA CN and mtDNA 4977-bp deletion rate (DR) in chorionic villous tissue are associated with EPL. Chorionic villous tissue total DNA was extracted from 75 EPL cases and 75 healthy controls. Chromosomal analysis was conducted using copy number variation (CNV) sequencing. The mtDNA CN and DR were measured in samples without pathogenic CNVs. The association between mtDNA CN or DR and EPL risk were estimated using logistic regression. The EPL group had a significantly different mtDNA CN (P < 0.001) and DR (P = 0.005) compared to the control group. Both biomarkers were independent risk factors for EPL (CN odds ratio 1.71, 95% confidence interval 1.17 to 2.49, P = 0.005; DR odds ratio 1.07, 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.12, P = 0.006). These results suggest that higher mtDNA CN and DR levels are strongly associated with EPL and represent independent risk factors for EPL. Further studies validating these findings and exploring the underlying biological mechanisms are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujin Ye
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihui Shi
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhui Hao
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Songchang Chen
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Liya Wang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaoying He
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shuyuan Li
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenming Xu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Karimian M, Babaei F. Large-scale mtDNA deletions as genetic biomarkers for susceptibility to male infertility: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:85-93. [PMID: 32360203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Several complex rearrangements such as deletions in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been identified in sperm deficiencies. This study aimed to investigate the association of common mtDNA deletions with male infertility using a meta-analysis approach. Standard databases were systematically searched to discover relevant studies. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated to analyze the association of mtDNA deletions with male infertility. Our data revealed a significant association between a common 4977-bp deletion and an increased risk of male infertility. A similar association was observed in an Asian population. Stratified analysis by infertility phenotype showed significant associations between the 4977-bp deletion and increased risk of asthenozoospermia, oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, and asthenoteratozoospermia. In addition, significant associations were found in studies with sample sizes >100, age of participants <45 years, subject selection according to WHO criteria, and studies of moderate to high quality. Regarding the other common mtDNA deletions, significant associations were observed between 7436-bp, 7599-bp, and 4866-bp deletions and the risk of male infertility. Our findings suggest that the 4977-bp deletion might be a risk factor for male infertility, especially in an ethnic and infertility phenotype dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Karimian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
| | - Faezeh Babaei
- Department of Pilot Nanobiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Tiegs AW, Tao X, Landis J, Zhan Y, Franasiak JM, Seli E, Wells D, Fragouli E, Scott RT. Sperm Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Is Not a Predictor of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) Cycle Outcomes. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:1350-1356. [PMID: 31994001 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00163-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study is to determine if sperm mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA CN) is associated with fertilization, blastulation, blastocyst euploidy, and live birth rates in in vitro fertilization (IVF) with ICSI cycles. This is a cohort study conducted on stored sperm samples which were collected prospectively and used to create blastocysts transferred in a couple's first ICSI transfer cycle between 2007 and 2013 at a single large infertility center. Samples from ICSI cycles utilizing surgical or cryopreserved sperm or day 3 embryo biopsy were excluded. The primary outcome was live birth rate. Secondary outcomes included fertilization, usable blastocyst development, and blastocyst euploidy rates. Unique sperm samples used to create transferred embryos were identified. Mitochondrial DNA CN was evaluated using TaqMan® quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays normalized to a nuclear control for relative quantitation. Linear regression and mixed effects logistic regression used were appropriate. A total of 2062 unique sperm samples used to create transferred embryos were included. Lower relative sperm mtDNA content was associated with increased pre-wash sperm motility (p < 0.001). No significant association was identified between sperm mtDNA CN and fertilization (p = 0.40), usable blastocyst development (p = 0.36), blastocyst euploid (p = 0.10), and live birth rates (p = 0.42) while adjusting for sperm pre-wash motility and maternal age. Sperm mtDNA CN is not prognostic of fertilization, usable blastocyst development, euploidy and live birth rates in an infertile population undergoing IVF with ICSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley W Tiegs
- IVI-RMA, Basking Ridge, NJ, 07920, USA. .,Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - Xin Tao
- Foundation for Embryonic Competence, Basking Ridge, NJ, 07920, USA
| | - Jessica Landis
- Foundation for Embryonic Competence, Basking Ridge, NJ, 07920, USA
| | - Yiping Zhan
- Foundation for Embryonic Competence, Basking Ridge, NJ, 07920, USA
| | | | - Emre Seli
- IVI-RMA, Basking Ridge, NJ, 07920, USA
| | | | | | - Richard T Scott
- IVI-RMA, Basking Ridge, NJ, 07920, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
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