Efeitos da suplementação nutricional com L‐arginina no reparo de lesões por estiramento muscular. Estudo experimental em ratos

Oral chronic sulforaphane effects on heavy resistance exercise: Implications on inflammatory and muscle damage parameters in young practitioners

OBJECTIVE

Sulforaphane is a phytochemical that is commonly found in broccoli and broccoli sprouts. However, whether chronic sulforaphane ingestion suppresses heavy resistance exercise-induced muscle damage parameters in humans remains unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of oral chronic sulforaphane ingestion on heavy resistance exercise-induced muscle damage parameters.

METHODS

The study had a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. Ten healthy young men (age: 22.0 ± 0.3 y; body weight: 62.6 ± 2.4 kg; height: 171.0 ± 0.1 cm) were administered placebo or sulforaphane (30 mg/d) for 4 wk at the first trial, then after a 4-wk washout period, the participants were administered the opposite treatment for 4 wk at the second trial. The participants were subjected to heavy resistance exercise (bench press, 85% of one-repetition maximum for three times with eight repetitions) after each administration, and blood samples were collected before and at 30 min and 24 h after each exercise session.

RESULTS

In this study, 4 wk of sulforaphane intake decreased plasma levels of creatine kinase, especially creatine kinase levels from 30 min to 24 h and baseline to 24 h. Moreover, the change in interleukin-6 levels significantly decreased from baseline to 30 min on prolonged intake of sulforaphane.

CONCLUSIONS

Together, these findings suggest that the oral chronic intake of sulforaphane suppressed the heavy resistance exercise-induced increase in muscle damage parameter and expression of inflammatory cytokines. The chronic use of sulforaphane may be a novel therapeutic candidate for the prevention of muscle damage in athletes training daily with high-intensity exercise.

Levator Ani avulsion: The histological composition of this site. A cadaveric study

INTRODUCTION

The sonographic appearance of a levator muscle "avulsion" representing the literal detachment of the pubovisceral muscle (PVM) enthesis has been contested. The nature of the levator ani "avulsion" is still not fully understood. It is known, that the tensile strength of a tendon is dependent on collagen with increased synthesis of collagen occurring in tissue with increased mechanical load levels. This study aims to perform a quantitative histological evaluation of the PVM enthesis with or without the imaging finding of levator ani "avulsion" to determine if there is a difference in the proportion of muscle and collagen.

METHOD

Three-dimensional translabial ultrasound for PVM "avulsion" was performed on cadavers using a GE Voluson I with a 5-9 MHz electronic probe. Cadavers were meticulously dissected to identify the presence or absence of an anatomical avulsion. The PVM enthesis was excised for further histopathological processing and treated with three different colorations. Quantitative analysis using ImageJ software was conducted to compare tissue composition in samples with or without sonographic "avulsion." All stages were performed by two separate investigators blinded to each other's results. The results were analyzed using SPSS v24, IBM.

RESULTS

Twenty-three PVM enthesis with histological staining were procured. Ultrasonographic "avulsions" were seen in 5/23 PVM enthesis. No anatomical avulsions were seen. There was no difference in the overall muscle or collagen content (Kruskal-Wallis, P = 0.864). The mean organized skeletal muscle content was 23% in the sonographic "avulsion" group versus 62% in the no "avulsion" group (Kruskall-Walis, P = 0.02). "Avulsions" were associated with a disorganized appearance at histology.

CONCLUSION

The tissue composition relating to the proportion of muscle and collagen was not significantly different in specimens with or without sonographic "avulsions." However, morphological differences were observed in the organization of the muscle fibres, which requires further evaluation.