Influência dos polimorfismos genéticos (IL10/CXCL8/CXCR2/ NFκB) na susceptibilidade das doenças reumatológicas autoimunes

Association of IL-23R and IL-10 variations with Behçet disease: a genetic analysis study

Behçet disease (BD) is an autoimmune and autoinflammatory disease mainly affecting the Silk Road countries. The interindividual severity of BD depends on differences in the polymorphic profiles of the patients. One of the most prominent markers, HLA-B51 positivity, is also observed in 40-60% of patients with BD on the Silk Road. Inflammatory markers such as interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interleukin 23 receptor (IL-23R) are also widely associated with BD etiology. The polymorphisms on these genes may change the susceptibility to BD. In this case-control study, we assessed the associations of IL-10 rs3024498 and IL-23R rs10889677 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with BD susceptibility, if any. Two hundred eighty HLA-B51-positive patients with BD and 300 healthy controls were genotyped for these SNPs using RFLP-PCR. The chi-square test was used for genotyping. We found that IL-23R rs10889677 CC and IL-10 rs3024498 CT genotype frequencies were higher in the BD group than in the control group (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0293, respectively). The recessive model (AA + CC vs. AC) and combined genotype (AC + CT) results were also statistically significant (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0364, respectively). We conclude that IL-23R rs10889677 and IL-10 rs3024498 SNPs may be associated with the susceptibility to BD.

The Role of CCL3 in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease of unexplained causes. Its pathological features include synovial tissue hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration in joint cavity fluid, cartilage bone destruction, and joint deformation. C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3) belongs to inflammatory cell chemokine. It is highly expressed in inflammatory immune cells. Increasingly, studies have shown that CCL3 can promote the migration of inflammatory factors to synovial tissue, the destruction of bone and joint, angiogenesis, and participate in the pathogenesis of RA. These symptoms indicate that the expression of CCL3 is highly correlated with RA disease. Therefore, this paper reviews the possible mechanism of CCL3 in the pathogenesis of RA, which may provide some new insights for the diagnosis and treatment of RA.

NF-κB: A Double-Edged Sword Controlling Inflammation

Inflammation, when properly mounted and precisely calibrated, is a beneficial process that enables the rapid removal of invading pathogens and/or cellular corpses and promotes tissue repair/regeneration to restore homeostasis after injury. Being a paradigm of a rapid response transcription factor, the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factor family plays a central role in amplifying inflammation by inducing the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Additionally, NF-κB also induces the expression of pro-survival and -proliferative genes responsible for promoting tissue repair and regeneration. Paradoxically, recent studies have suggested that the NF-κB pathway can also exert inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine production to temper inflammation. Here, we review our current understanding about the pro- and anti-inflammatory roles of NF-κB and discuss the implication of its dichotomous inflammation-modulating activity in the context of inflammasome activation and tumorigenesis.

The Functional Impact of Alternative Splicing and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Advances in genomics and proteomics aid the identification of genes associated with various diseases. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have identified multiple loci as risk alleles for susceptibility to Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). A bisection of RA risk can be attributed to genetic factors. Over 100 associated genetic loci that encompass immune regulatory factors have been found to be linked with RA. Aberrant Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and alternative splicing mechanisms in such loci induce RA. These aberrations are viewed as potential therapeutic targets due to their association with a multitude of diseases. This review presents a few imperious genes whose alterations can cause severe bone deformities culminating in RA.

Association between polymorphisms in CXCR2 gene and preeclampsia

Background

Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy‐specific syndrome with incompletely understood pathogenesis. Previous study has demonstrated that the decreased CXCR2 in preeclamptic placentas may contribute to the development of preeclampsia. The role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CXCR2 gene in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia remains largely unexplored. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between polymorphisms of CXCR2 gene and preeclampsia in Han Chinese women.

Methods

Totally 481 pregnant women, including 243 controls and 238 patients with preeclampsia were recruited. The rs1126579 and rs2230054 polymorphisms in CXCR2 gene were tested using polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism method.

Results

Significantly increased risk of preeclampsia was observed in the rs1126579 CC or TC/CC genotypes when compared with TT genotype (CC vs. TT: odss ratio [OR] = 2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18–3.76, p = 0.039; TC/CC vs. TT: OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.29–2.78, p = 0.001). Markedly higher risk of preeclampsia was found to be associated with rs1126579 TC genotype (TC vs. TT/CC: OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.04–2.12, p = 0.031). After stratification analysis, the different distribution of TC/CC genotypes was particularly significant in the severe preeclampsia group (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.42–3.24, p < 0.01), the early‐onset severe preeclampsia group (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.14–3.42, p = 0.013), and the late‐onset severe preeclampsia group (OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.39–3.78, p < 0.01). Besides, TC genotype carriers had a 1.55 fold increased risk of severe preeclampsia (95% CI = 1.06–2.27, p = 0.022) and a 1.80 fold increased risk of late onset severe preeclampsia (95% CI = 1.14–2.83, p = 0.01) than those of TT/CC genotype carriers.

Conclusions

Our study suggests a genetic association between rs1126579 polymorphism in CXCR2 gene and increased risk of preeclampsia. These data provide a new clue for future investigation.