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Long X, Li Z, Liu Y, Zhen H. Clinical Application of Low-Temperature Plasma Radiofrequency in the Treatment of Hemangioma in Nasal Cavity, Pharynx and Larynx. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2024; 103:447-453. [PMID: 34893005 DOI: 10.1177/01455613211062443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hemangioma is a common benign tumor in the head and neck. The therapeutic effect by conventional treatment was not very satisfactory. The purpose of this study is to explore the surgical strategy of low-temperature plasma radiofrequency in the treatment of hemangioma located in the nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx. METHODS The clinical data of 29 cases with hemangioma in nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx treated by low-temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation were retrospectively analyzed. The strategy of ablation before resection was performed for 16 cases of nasal capillary hemangioma. The other 13 cases of cavernous hemangioma in the pharynx and larynx were treated by the strategy of direct ablation. RESULTS All 29 patients underwent a successful operation with minimal intraoperative bleeding and no postoperative bleeding complications. There was no nasal septum perforation, dyspnea, dysphagia, dysphonia, or other complications. The patients were followed up for more than 3 years without recurrence. CONCLUSION Low-temperature plasma radiofrequency is a practical, minimally invasive, and accurate method for treating hemangiomas in the nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx. For capillary hemangiomas, the strategy of ablation before resection may be an effective way to reduce bleeding, and for cavernous hemangiomas, the strategy of direct ablation is a simple and efficient method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Long
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongtao Zhen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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2
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Ethunandan M. Management of Midfacial and Skull Vault Osseous Vascular Lesions. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2024; 36:61-72. [PMID: 37821289 DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
There continuous to be widespread misuse of nomenclature used to described vascular anomalies, This is even more pronounced in the case of intra-osseous lesions. Bone involvement is more common with vascular malformations and extremely rare in haemangiomas. An accurate diagnosis is mandatory for tailored management and often based on a thorough history, clinical examination, and cross-sectional imaging. Surgery remains the main stay for the management of symptomatic venous malformations. Embolisation with or without surgery is the main stay for arteriovenous malformations. Virtual surgical planning, with surgical guides and patient specific implants help achieve predictably excellent results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madan Ethunandan
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK; Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Sri Ramchandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Prour, Chennai, 600116, India.
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3
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Booth TN. Congenital Cystic Neck Masses. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2023; 33:591-605. [PMID: 37741660 DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Congenital cystic masses are commonly encountered when imaging a patient presenting with a neck mass. Congenital cysts are present at birth; however, these cysts may not present until later in life with some growing slowly and others rapidly increasing in size due to hemorrhage of infection. A neonatal presentation is rare but when present may allow a narrower differential diagnosis. Imaging plays a significant role in defining a lesion as cystic, assessing location, and directing the next step in evaluation and or intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy N Booth
- University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Health of Texas, 1935 Medical District Drive, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
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4
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AIUM Practice Parameter for the Performance and Interpretation of Diagnostic Ultrasound of the Thyroid and Extracranial Head and Neck. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2023; 42:E55-E62. [PMID: 37172222 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
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5
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Tanoue S, Tanaka N, Koganemaru M, Kuhara A, Kugiyama T, Sawano M, Abe T. Head and Neck Arteriovenous Malformations: Clinical Manifestations and Endovascular Treatments. INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY (HIGASHIMATSUYAMA-SHI (JAPAN) 2023; 8:23-35. [PMID: 37485489 PMCID: PMC10359175 DOI: 10.22575/interventionalradiology.2022-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are vascular malformations that present high-flow direct communication between the arteries and veins, not involving the capillary beds. They can be progressive and lead to various manifestations, including abnormal skin or mucosal findings, ischemia, hemorrhage, and high-output heart failure in severe cases. AVMs often involve the head and neck region. Head and neck AVMs can present region-specific clinical manifestations, angioarchitecture, and complications, especially in cosmetic appearance and ingestion, respiratory, and neuronal functions. Therefore, when planning endovascular treatment of head and neck AVMs, physicians should consider not only the treatment strategy but also the preservation of the cosmetic appearance and critical functions. Knowledge of the functional vascular anatomy as well as treatment techniques should facilitate a successful management. This review summarizes AVMs' clinical manifestations, imaging findings, treatment strategy, and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Tanoue
- Department of Radiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Tanaka
- Department of Radiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Asako Kuhara
- Department of Radiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kugiyama
- Department of Radiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sawano
- Department of Radiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Toshi Abe
- Department of Radiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
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6
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Jurlina M, Pupić-Bakrač J, Pupić-Bakrač A. Harmonic Scalpel-Assisted Endonasal Endoscopic Resection of the Vascular Tumors of the Anterior Skull Base. J Craniofac Surg 2023; 34:e296-e298. [PMID: 36882924 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular tumors represent a challenging pathologic subset for surgical treatment as they show a propensity for profuse bleedings. This is especially applicable to the skull base region, where surgical access is difficult due to its complex anatomy. To overcome this problem, the authors introduced the use of a harmonic scalpel in endoscopic skull base surgery for vascular tumors. Here, the authors report the outcomes of endoscopic harmonic scalpel-assisted surgery in 6 juvenile angiofibromas and 2 hemangiomas. All surgeries were performed using Ethicon Endo-Surgery HARMONIC ACE 5 mm Diameter Shears. The median intraoperative blood loss was 400 mL (range: 200-1500 mL). The median length of hospital stay was 7 days (range: 5-10 days). Recurrence was recorded in 1 patient with juvenile angiofibroma, which was successfully resolved with revision surgery. In this institutional experience, ultrasonic technology showed precise cutting with minimal bleeding, resulting in reduced surgical morbidity compared with conventional endoscopic instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jurlina
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Dubrava University Hospital, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb
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7
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Wandosell Alvarez A, de la Fuente Cañibano R, Alañón Fernández MÁ. [Glomus tympanicum: About a pulsatile tinnitus]. Semergen 2023; 49:101820. [PMID: 36209642 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2022.101820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Wandosell Alvarez
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología y Patología Cérvico-Facial, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, España
| | - R de la Fuente Cañibano
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología y Patología Cérvico-Facial, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, España.
| | - M Á Alañón Fernández
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología y Patología Cérvico-Facial, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, España
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8
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Ganesan A, Hegde AI, Ghosh TS, Chaudhry K. Venolymphatic malformation of tongue: a prompt life saving intervention. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e252437. [PMID: 36450418 PMCID: PMC9717346 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-252437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Venolymphatic malformations (VLMs) of the head and neck can have varied clinical presentation with associated complications. Timely diagnosis and treatment is warranted to curb the morbidity and obtain satisfactory outcomes. We present the case of a male patient in his early 20s with VLM of the tongue who received precise interventions which were executed with active contributions from a team of anaesthesiologists, interventional radiologists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons and intensivists. We highlight the importance of an immediate, comprehensive and multimodal treatment approach for VLMs of the maxillofacial region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Ganesan
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodphur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Adarsh Ishwar Hegde
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Tushar Suvra Ghosh
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kirti Chaudhry
- Additional Professor, Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodphur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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9
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Demir MK, Özdamarlar U, Yılmaz B, Akakın A, Kılıc T. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Unusual Neoplasms Related to Foramen of Luschka: A Review for Differential Diagnosis. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2022; 32:71-80. [PMID: 35722640 PMCID: PMC9200490 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many types of neoplasms in or around the foramen of Luschka (FL), and definitive diagnosis in some cases requires knowledge of imaging findings. The uncommon and challenging neoplasms with FL involvement considered in this study are exophytic brainstem glioma, primary glioblastoma of the cerebellopontine angle (CPA), primary anaplastic ependymoma of the CPA, choroid plexus papilloma of the FL, solitary FL choroid plexus metastasis, extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma of the jugular foramen, paraganglioma of the jugular foramen, exostosis of the jugular foramen, psammomatous meningioma in the lateral cerebellar medullary cistern, epidermoid tumor of the fourth ventricle, and a hypoglossal schwannoma. These neoplasms may have overlapping clinical and imaging features, but some have relatively distinct imaging features. Knowledge of the key clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features of these unusual lesions with FL involvement is important for radiologists to improve diagnostic ability and to assist the referring physician in the appropriate management of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Kemal Demir
- Department of Radiology, Bahçeşehir University School of Medicine, Göztepe Medical Park Training and Education Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umut Özdamarlar
- Department of Radiology, Bahçeşehir University School of Medicine, Göztepe Medical Park Training and Education Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baran Yılmaz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bahçeşehir University School of Medicine, Göztepe Medical Park Training and Education Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Akın Akakın
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bahçeşehir University School of Medicine, Göztepe Medical Park Training and Education Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turker Kılıc
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bahçeşehir University School of Medicine, Göztepe Medical Park Training and Education Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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10
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Nagammai N, Gopal KS, Srinivasan S. Venolymphatic malformation. INDIAN JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND ENDOVASCULAR SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/ijves.ijves_131_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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11
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Abdel Razek AAK, Elmokadem AH, Soliman M, Mukherji SK. MR Imaging of Vascular Malformations and Tumors of Head and Neck. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2021; 30:199-213. [PMID: 34802579 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Soft tissue vascular anomalies show a wide heterogeneity of clinical manifestations and imaging features. MR imaging has an important role in the diagnosis and management of vascular lesions of the head and neck. MR angiography is mandatory in cases of arteriovenous and combined malformations to assess the high-flow nature/component of the lesions and plan therapy. Infantile hemangiomas can be differentiated from congenital hemangiomas by clinical course. Reactive vascular tumors have nonspecific features similar to infantile hemangiomas. Locally malignant and malignant vascular tumors have irregular borders, infiltration of different tissue planes, and lower apparent diffusion coefficient values than benign vascular tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali H Elmokadem
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Elgomhoria Street, Mansoura 35512, Egypt
| | - Mosad Soliman
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Elgomhoria Street, Mansoura 35512, Egypt
| | - Suresh K Mukherji
- Marian University, Head and Neck Radiology, ProScan Imaging, Carmel, IN, USA.
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12
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Larson AS, Brinjikji W, Anderson KR, Tollefson M, Michelle Silvera V, Guerin JB. Imaging of benign cervicofacial vascular anomalies and associated syndromes. Interv Neuroradiol 2021; 28:364-374. [PMID: 34397285 DOI: 10.1177/15910199211034989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervicofacial vascular anomalies can result in morbidity, pain, and cosmetic concerns in affected individuals. Each anomaly has its own unique natural history, treatment, and associations with underlying genetic syndromes. For optimal patient care, it is important for the neuroradiologist to accurately recognize and characterize these entities to ensure appropriate treatment and management. In this review, we discuss the general characteristics, classifications, and imaging features associated with the most common vascular anomalies such as hemangiomas, arteriovenous malformations and fistulas, capillary malformations, venous malformations, and lymphatic malformations in the context of associated syndromes. Additionally, we discuss novel imaging techniques that aid in identifying these vascular anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Waleed Brinjikji
- Department of Radiology, 6915Mayo Clinic, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, 6915Mayo Clinic, USA
| | | | - Megha Tollefson
- Department of Dermatology, 6915Mayo Clinic, USA.,Department of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, 6915Mayo Clinic, USA
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13
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Lim KYJ, Soon AYQ, Tan JL. Unique case of a post-traumatic nasoseptal arteriovenous malformation. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/1/e239482. [PMID: 33500311 PMCID: PMC7839863 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-239482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracranial manifestation of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is uncommon. Nasoseptal AVMs are an even rarer entity. In this case report, we present an interesting and first-of-its-kind case of the development of a left nasoseptal AVM in a 60-year-old man after a fall. This was likely post-traumatic, unlike the usual congenital AVMs described in the literature. The patient was managed conservatively with regular follow-up for the AVM as he was asymptomatic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jian Li Tan
- Otorhinolaryngology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
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14
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Abstract
PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen) PET/CT scan is the imaging modality of choice for staging and restaging of carcinoma prostate. Although initially thought to be a tracer with high specificity for prostatic tissue, with its extensive clinical use, there has been a rise in published literature citing its uptake in nonprostatic conditions. We present a case where false-positive PSMA uptake was noted in glomus jugulare during staging workup for carcinoma prostate.
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15
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Aulino JM, Kirsch CFE, Burns J, Busse PM, Chakraborty S, Choudhri AF, Conley DB, Jones CU, Lee RK, Luttrull MD, Moritani T, Policeni B, Ryan ME, Shah LM, Sharma A, Shih RY, Subramaniam RM, Symko SC, Bykowski J. ACR Appropriateness Criteria ® Neck Mass-Adenopathy. J Am Coll Radiol 2020; 16:S150-S160. [PMID: 31054741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A palpable neck mass may be the result of neoplastic, congenital, or inflammatory disease. Older age suggests neoplasia, and a congenital etiology is more prevalent in the pediatric population. The imaging approach is based on the patient age, mass location, and clinical pulsatility. Underlying human papillomavirus-related malignancy should be considered in all age groups. Although the imaging appearance of some processes in the head and neck overlap, choosing the appropriate imaging examination may allow a specific diagnosis, or a limited differential diagnosis. Tissue sampling is indicated to confirm suspected malignancy. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer reviewed journals and the application of well-established methodologies (RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where evidence is lacking or equivocal, expert opinion may supplement the available evidence to recommend imaging or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudia F E Kirsch
- Panel Chair, Northwell Health, Zucker Hofstra School of Medicine at Northwell, Manhasset, New York
| | | | - Paul M Busse
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Santanu Chakraborty
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and the Department of Radiology, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Canadian Association of Radiologists
| | - Asim F Choudhri
- Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - David B Conley
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
| | | | - Ryan K Lee
- Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Bruno Policeni
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Maura E Ryan
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Aseem Sharma
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert Y Shih
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Julie Bykowski
- Specialty Chair, UC San Diego Health Center, San Diego, California
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16
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Suthiphosuwan S, Bai HD, Yu E, Bharatha A. Computed tomography angiography lightbulb sign: Characteristic enhancement pattern on neck computed tomography angiography in differentiating paraganglioma from schwannoma of the carotid space. Neuroradiol J 2020; 33:437-442. [PMID: 32403980 DOI: 10.1177/1971400920924318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to correctly distinguish paragangliomas from other tumors such as schwannomas in the preoperative assessment of head and neck tumors because paragangliomas have a propensity to bleed profusely during surgery. Therefore, preoperative embolization is often required while with schwannomas preoperative embolization is generally not required. Occasionally, schwannomas can mimic paragangliomas on routine computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the neck. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the computed tomography angiography of the neck of 10 patients with carotid space tumors. Seven patients had pathologically proven paraganglioma while three patients had schwannomas. We describe the "computed tomography angiography lightbulb sign" as avid homogeneous enhancement in the arterial phase which can accurately distinguish these entities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helin D Bai
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Eugene Yu
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Aditya Bharatha
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada
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17
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Brahmbhatt AN, Skalski KA, Bhatt AA. Vascular lesions of the head and neck: an update on classification and imaging review. Insights Imaging 2020; 11:19. [PMID: 32034537 PMCID: PMC7007481 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-019-0818-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular lesions have a varied appearance and can commonly occur in the head and neck. A majority of these lesions are cutaneous and congenital; however, some may be acquired and malignant. The presentation and clinical history of patients presenting with head and neck lesions can be used to guide further imaging, which can provide important diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. This review discusses the revised International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) classification system for vascular tumors and malformations, as well as explores the most common vascular anomalies including their clinical presentations and imaging findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaar N Brahmbhatt
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester - Strong Memorial hospital, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Kamila A Skalski
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester - Strong Memorial hospital, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Alok A Bhatt
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
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18
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Hu H, Song P, Yang J, Wang X, Chen Z, Fang J. Therapeutic effect of high-frequency ultrasound-assisted dye laser on hemangioma and its influence on serum HIF-1α in patients. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 34:e22970. [PMID: 31568612 PMCID: PMC6977139 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To analyze the therapeutic effect of high‐frequency ultrasound (HFU)‐assisted dye laser on hemangioma patients and changes in serum hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α). Methods A total of 20 patients diagnosed with hemangioma in our hospital from January 2013 to March 2018 were selected, including 12 males and eight females. All patients were treated with HFU‐assisted dye laser. The site and type of hemangioma and age distribution of patients were collected, and changes in data and area of hemangioma and serum HIF‐1α before and after treatment were analyzed. Results The vascular condition of hemangioma in all patients was significantly improved at 7, 14, and 30 days after treatment. Gray‐scale ultrasound displayed that the tumor area was reduced by more than 50%. After treatment, the serum HIF‐1α level declined obviously after treatment compared with that before treatment, showing a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Conclusion HFU‐assisted dye laser can effectively reduce the tumor area, decrease the serum HIF‐1α level, and improve the prognosis in the treatment of hemangioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhang Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengyuan Song
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jinyan Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhaohui Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jianhua Fang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Paraganglioma. Neuroradiology 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-44549-8.00044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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AIUM-ACR-SPR-SRU Practice Parameter for the Performance and Interpretation of a Diagnostic Ultrasound Examination of the Extracranial Head and Neck. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2018; 37:E6-E12. [PMID: 30308087 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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21
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Shatzkes DR. Vascular anomalies: Description, classification and nomenclature. APPLIED RADIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.37549/ar2520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Szymańska A, Szymański M, Gołąbek W, Drelich-Zbroja A, Jargiełło T. Doppler ultrasound appearance of neck tumors. J Ultrason 2018; 18:96-102. [PMID: 30335917 PMCID: PMC6440510 DOI: 10.15557/jou.2018.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was the evaluation of the sonographic appearance of neck tumors and determining the features useful in differential diagnosis. Material and method: The studied group consisted of 57 patients: 16 patients with carotid body tumors, 9 patients with neurogenic tumors, 8 patients with venous anomalies, 12 patients with neck cysts, 6 patients with lipomas, 5 patients with extracranial carotid artery aneurysms and 1 with a laryngocele. Results: All carotid paragangliomas were located within the carotid bifurcation and demonstrated rich low-resistance vascular flow, with higher maximum velocity and lower flow resistance parameters registered in the ipsilateral external carotid artery. In 7 out of 9 cases, neurogenic tumors were homogeneous, and in the remaining 2 cases – heterogeneous. Four schwannomas were hypervascular or showed moderate vascularity, and the rest of neurogenic tumors were hypovascular or avascular, with symmetrical maximum velocity and resistance values of carotid blood flow. Apart from one branchial cleft cyst with multiple fine internal acoustic reflexes, all other neck cysts were anechoic and avascular, and presented with posterior acoustic enhancement. The laryngocele presented as a well-demarcated, hypoechoic, homogeneous lesion located in the immediate proximity of the larynx, without signs of internal vascular flow. Lipomas were well-demarcated, homogeneous, hypoechoic tumors with regular margins, without signs of internal vascular flow. Venous malformations presented as irregular, hypoechoic spaces with venous blood flow, easily compressed by the probe. Extracranial carotid artery aneurysms were hypoechoic, well-defined spaces, which presented with slow internal, turbulent flow on Doppler study, and showed continuity with the carotid artery. Conclusions: Doppler ultrasound allows to visualize features characteristic for certain neck tumors. Solid or cystic structure, echogenicity, localization, as well as internal flow signals and vascularity pattern create a combination of ultrasound findings helpful in the differential diagnosis of lesions such as paragangliomas, venous malformations, neurogenic tumors, aneurysms, cysts and laryngoceles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szymańska
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Szymański
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wiesław Gołąbek
- Professor Emeritus of Otolaryngology, Health Department, Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education in Biała Podlaska, Biała Podlaska, Poland
| | - Anna Drelich-Zbroja
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jargiełło
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Abstract
Due to the complex anatomy of the anterior skull base and paranasal sinuses, radiologic diagnostics in this area are challenging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) are the primary indicated modalities. Guidelines helping to select the appropriate modality have been published by the German Society of Head and Neck Radiology and the Society of Otorhinolaryngology. The present article presents an overview of the current radiologic procedures and their optimized implementation using clinical examples. These examples highlight the fact that a combination of at least CT and MRI is frequently required. Use of CT for intraoperative navigation is everyday practice in clinical routine. Occasionally, additional procedures such as angiography or myelography are necessary, particularly in cases of preoperative vascular diagnostics or embolization. Overall, evaluation of radiologic diagnostics in this area is complex; it requires experience and knowledge of the disease, as well as an understanding of the diagnostic procedures. Close collaboration between head and neck surgeons and radiologists is thus essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Greschus
- Radiologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53125, Bonn, Deutschland.
| | - F Albert
- Radiologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53125, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - K W G Eichhorn
- HNO Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
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Sjogren PP, Arnold RW, Skirko JR, Grimmer JF. Anatomic distribution of cervicofacial lymphatic malformations based on lymph node groups. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 97:72-75. [PMID: 28483255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate radiographic characteristics and to identify locations of cervicofacial lymphatic malformations in children based on known lymph node groupings. METHODS Retrospective chart review of pediatric patients with cervicofacial lymphatic malformations who underwent imaging with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) or ultrasonography (US). Ninety charts were reviewed from November 2005 to June 2015. Demographic information and imaging characteristics were evaluated. RESULTS Ninety children were included. The average age at presentation was 52 months (range, 1 day to 170 months). Imaging modalities were MRI in 73 (81%), CT in 7 (8%), US in 6 (7%), and multimodality imaging in 4 (4%) cases. Nearly half (49%) of lesions were found in the parotid and submandibular nodal group, 32% in the cervical group, and 19% in the midline face and oral cavity group. The lymphatic malformations were found on the left in 39 (43%) of cases, on the right in 30 (33%) of cases, and were bilateral in 21 (23%) cases. Nineteen (21%) lesions were macrocystic, twenty-two (24%) were microcystic, and forty-nine (49%) had mixed features. Mixed lesions were more likely to be extensive and involve multiple lymph node groups (P = 0.0005). Adjacent lymphadenopathy was present in 20 (22%) among all subjects, with an average size of 1.22 (± 1.92) cm in the short-axis. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate three lymph node groupings in which LM are commonly identified. The midline face and oral cavity lesions are predominantly microcystic, the parotid and submandibular lesions are predominately of mixed morphology, and the cervical lesions are predominately macrocystic and mixed. Further studies are needed to determine if such a classification system demonstrates clinically significant difference in disease progression and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phayvanh P Sjogren
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ryan W Arnold
- Pediatric Radiology, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jonathan R Skirko
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Johannes F Grimmer
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Dremmen MH, Tekes A, Mueller S, Seyfert D, Tunkel DE, Huisman TA. Lumps and Bumps of the Neck in Children-Neuroimaging of Congenital and Acquired Lesions. J Neuroimaging 2016; 26:562-580. [DOI: 10.1111/jon.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein H.G. Dremmen
- Division of Pediatric Radiology and Pediatric Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science; Johns Hopkins Hospital; Baltimore MD
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology; Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Aylin Tekes
- Division of Pediatric Radiology and Pediatric Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science; Johns Hopkins Hospital; Baltimore MD
| | - Samantha Mueller
- Division of Pediatric Radiology and Pediatric Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science; Johns Hopkins Hospital; Baltimore MD
| | - Donna Seyfert
- Division of Pediatric Radiology and Pediatric Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science; Johns Hopkins Hospital; Baltimore MD
| | - David E. Tunkel
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Johns Hopkins Hospital; Baltimore MD
| | - Thierry A.G.M. Huisman
- Division of Pediatric Radiology and Pediatric Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science; Johns Hopkins Hospital; Baltimore MD
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He J, Zhu H, Zhang C, Wang Y, Zheng J, Qiu W. Role of fine needle aspiration cytology in the differential diagnosis of vascular anomalies from other lesions in the head and neck region. Phlebology 2016; 32:34-42. [PMID: 26802064 DOI: 10.1177/0268355515625003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To summarise the role of fine needle aspiration cytology in the differential diagnosis of vascular anomalies from other lesions in the head and neck region by presenting five interesting cases reported from our hospital data. Method Five patients ranging in age from 3 months to 25 years old were diagnosed with vascular anomalies based on their histories, clinical examinations, imaging examinations and ultrasonic testing. The previous diagnosis of these patients were corrected by fine needle aspiration cytology in our hospital and the proper treatment was administered. Result Two cases were wrongly treated in a local hospital. All five of the patients underwent operations after excluding vascular anomalies by fine needle aspiration cytology. Conclusion Fine needle aspiration cytology should be used in the following situations to prevent misdiagnoses and the mistreatment as vascular anomalies: when imaging examination and ultrasonic testing lead to a diagnosis of vascular malformation, but the history or clinical examination does not confirm this diagnosis; when lesions are treated as "vascular malformations" by sclerotherapy, and the hydatid fluid is not like blood or lymph fluid; and when propranolol is used to treat the proliferation stage of "haemangiomas" with without any effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanguang Zhu
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunye Zhang
- 2 Department of oral pathology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Zheng
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiliu Qiu
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Cervicofacial Lymphatic Malformations: A Retrospective Review of 40 Cases. Arch Plast Surg 2016; 43:10-8. [PMID: 26848440 PMCID: PMC4738111 DOI: 10.5999/aps.2016.43.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphatic malformation (LM) is a form of congenital vascular malformation with a low incidence. Although LM has been studied, no consensus has emerged regarding its cause or treatment. METHODS In this study, we retrospectively evaluated 40 patients who visited our vascular anomalies center for the treatment of cervicofacial LM, which is a common manifestation of LM. The medical records of patients over a period of 12 years were reviewed and analyzed for commonalities regarding the diagnosis and the results of treatment. RESULTS Suspected cervicofacial LM was confirmed through imaging studies. No difference in incidence was observed according to sex, and 73% of patients first presented with symptoms before the age of two years. The left side and the V2-V3 area were most commonly affected. No significant differences in incidence were observed among the macrocystic, microcystic, and combined types of LM. A total of 28 out of 36 patients received sclerotherapy as the first choice of treatment, regardless of the type of lesion. Complete resolution was achieved in only 25% of patients. CONCLUSIONS LM is important to confirm the diagnosis early and to choose an appropriate treatment strategy according to the stage of the disease and each individual patient's symptoms. When treatment is delayed or an incorrect treatment is administered, patient discomfort increases as the lesion gradually spreads. Therefore, more so than is the case for most other diseases, a team approach on a case-by-case basis is important for the accurate and appropriate treatment of LM.
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Scholtz JE, Kaup M, Hüsers K, Albrecht MH, Bodelle B, Metzger SC, Kerl JM, Bauer RW, Lehnert T, Vogl TJ, Wichmann JL. Advanced Modeled Iterative Reconstruction in Low-Tube-Voltage Contrast-Enhanced Neck CT: Evaluation of Objective and Subjective Image Quality. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 37:143-50. [PMID: 26427836 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dose-saving techniques in neck CT cause increased image noise that can be counteracted by iterative reconstruction. Our aim was to evaluate the image quality of advanced modeled iterative reconstruction (ADMIRE) in contrast-enhanced low-tube-voltage neck CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-one patients underwent 90-kV(peak) neck CT by using third-generation 192-section dual-source CT. Image series were reconstructed with standard filtered back-projection and ADMIRE strength levels 1, 3, and 5. Attenuation and noise of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, internal jugular vein, submandibular gland, tongue, subscapularis muscle, and cervical fat were measured. Signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios were calculated. Two radiologists assessed image noise, image contrast, delineation of smaller structures, and overall diagnostic acceptability. Interobserver agreement was calculated. RESULTS Image noise was significantly reduced by using ADMIRE compared with filtered back-projection with the lowest noise observed in ADMIRE 5 (filtered back-projection, 9.4 ± 2.4 Hounsfield units [HU]; ADMIRE 1, 8.3 ± 2.8 HU; ADMIRE 3, 6.7 ± 2.0 HU; ADMIRE 5, 5.4 ± 1.7 HU; all, P < .001). Sternocleidomastoid SNR and internal jugular vein-sternocleidomastoid contrast-to-noise ratios were significantly higher for ADMIRE with the best results in ADMIRE 5 (all, P < .001). Subjective image quality and image contrast of ADMIRE 3 and 5 were consistently rated better than those for filtered back-projection and ADMIRE 1 (all, P < .001). Image noise was rated highest for ADMIRE 5 (all, P < .005). Delineation of smaller structures was voted higher in all ADMIRE strength levels compared with filtered back-projection (P < .001). Global interobserver agreement was good (0.75). CONCLUSIONS Contrast-enhanced 90-kVp neck CT is feasible, and ADMIRE 5 shows superior objective image quality compared with filtered back-projection. ADMIRE 3 and 5 show the best subjective image quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-E Scholtz
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (J.-E.S., M.K., K.H., M.H.A., B.B., S.C.M., J.M.K., R.W.B., T.L., T.J.V., J.L.W.), University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Kaup
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (J.-E.S., M.K., K.H., M.H.A., B.B., S.C.M., J.M.K., R.W.B., T.L., T.J.V., J.L.W.), University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - K Hüsers
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (J.-E.S., M.K., K.H., M.H.A., B.B., S.C.M., J.M.K., R.W.B., T.L., T.J.V., J.L.W.), University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M H Albrecht
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (J.-E.S., M.K., K.H., M.H.A., B.B., S.C.M., J.M.K., R.W.B., T.L., T.J.V., J.L.W.), University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - B Bodelle
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (J.-E.S., M.K., K.H., M.H.A., B.B., S.C.M., J.M.K., R.W.B., T.L., T.J.V., J.L.W.), University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S C Metzger
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (J.-E.S., M.K., K.H., M.H.A., B.B., S.C.M., J.M.K., R.W.B., T.L., T.J.V., J.L.W.), University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J M Kerl
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (J.-E.S., M.K., K.H., M.H.A., B.B., S.C.M., J.M.K., R.W.B., T.L., T.J.V., J.L.W.), University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R W Bauer
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (J.-E.S., M.K., K.H., M.H.A., B.B., S.C.M., J.M.K., R.W.B., T.L., T.J.V., J.L.W.), University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T Lehnert
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (J.-E.S., M.K., K.H., M.H.A., B.B., S.C.M., J.M.K., R.W.B., T.L., T.J.V., J.L.W.), University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T J Vogl
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (J.-E.S., M.K., K.H., M.H.A., B.B., S.C.M., J.M.K., R.W.B., T.L., T.J.V., J.L.W.), University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J L Wichmann
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (J.-E.S., M.K., K.H., M.H.A., B.B., S.C.M., J.M.K., R.W.B., T.L., T.J.V., J.L.W.), University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (J.L.W.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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Abstract
Oral and maxillofacial surgeons are often involved in the diagnosis and treatment of vascular neoplasms of the head and neck. An incorrect diagnosis may lead to improper or unnecessary treatment. This article reviews the diagnosis and management of vascular tumors.
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