Perinatal Depressive Symptoms: Prevalence and Associated Psychosocial Factors

Sleep quality and perinatal depression in pregnant women treated in a primary care centre in Lima, Peru

OBJECTIVE

The aim is to evaluate the association between sleep quality and perinatal depression in pregnant women between the 12th week of gestation and the 36th week of gestation in a maternity and child centre in Lima.

METHODS

Analytical cross-sectional study in pregnant women cared for in a primary care centre between August and December 2019. The data were collected through a self-administered survey. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality. The evaluation of perinatal depression was performed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). For the multivariate analysis, Poisson regression with robust variances was used to calculate the crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and their respective confidence intervals.

RESULTS

The sample was composed of 200 participants. The median [IQR] age was 26 [22-32] years, and 111 (55.5%) pregnancies were unplanned. 52% presented a poor quality of sleep and the risk of perinatal depression was 31.5%. Poor quality of sleep was associated with a significantly higher frequency of perinatal depression (aPR = 4.8 for those with poor quality of sleep warranting medical attention, and aPR = 6.6 for those with poor quality of sleep warranting medical attention and treatment).

CONCLUSIONS

There is a possible association between poor sleep quality and perinatal depression in pregnant women between weeks 12 and 36 of gestation. Operational research should be promoted to assess whether interventions to improve sleep quality could have a positive impact on reducing perinatal depression.

Características de mujeres en puerperio valoradas por el programa Cuidamujer

Introducción: el puerperio es un periodo de alta vulnerabilidad y las complicaciones pueden asociarse con elevada mortalidad materna. El programa Cuidamujer está enfocado en educación durante el puerperio. Objetivo: describir las características sociodemográficas y psicosociales del programa Cuidamujer entre noviembre 2018 y diciembre 2019.  Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo. La información se obtuvo de las historias clínicas para el análisis descriptivo de las variables sociodemográficas y clínicas con el software SPSS IBM® V 20.  Resultados: se incluyeron 712 mujeres entre 18 y 35 años con bachillerato completo, 79.2% pertenecían a familia nuclear y 63,5% estaban en el ciclo vital familiar en expansión. 15.7% asistieron a consulta preconcepcional, 62.9% y 9% presentaban alto riesgo obstétrico y psicosocial, la tasa de cesárea fue 74.7% y las actividades educativas y de anticoncepción tuvieron cobertura de 99%, recibiéndolas al egreso hospitalario el 82.72%. Conclusiones: el perfil de las mujeres en puerperio es de adultas jóvenes con educación secundaria y familias nucleares en expansión, pobre adherencia a atención preconcepcional, bajo riesgo psicosocial y alto riesgo obstétrico. Llama la atención las tasas elevadas de cesárea, lo cual merece ser estudiado en esta población.

Psychological, Psychosocial and Obstetric Differences between Spanish and Immigrant Mothers: Retrospective Observational Study

This study analyzed the influence of psychological and psychosocial factors of pregnant women at an obstetric level. The possible differences between Spaniards and immigrants were studied. This was a retrospective observational study. The sample has been divided into two study cohorts, one consisting of Spanish pregnant women and one consisting of foreign pregnant women. Both completed the Revised Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. A total of 15.9% of Spanish women and 23.2% of immigrants had depressive symptoms. Immigrants claim to have less support at the partner, family, and friendship levels than Spaniards. Moreover, 16.4% of Spaniards vs. 8.1% of immigrants had pregnancy complications; Cesarean section was performed in 16.2% of Spaniards vs. 7.9% of immigrants. A greater number of premature births were detected in immigrants than in Spaniards. Access to universal healthcare is a protective factor against socioeconomic and cultural conditions affecting the mental and obstetrical health of immigrants.

Sleep Quality and Perinatal Depression in Pregnant Women Treated in a Primary Care Centre in Lima, Peru

OBJECTIVE

The aim is to evaluate the association between sleep quality and perinatal depression in pregnant women between the 12th week of gestation and the 36th week of gestation in a maternity and child centre in Lima.

METHODS

Analytical cross-sectional study in pregnant women cared for in a primary care centre between August and December 2019. The data were collected through a self-administered survey. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality. The evaluation of perinatal depression was performed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). For the multivariate analysis, Poisson regression with robust variances was used to calculate the crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and their respective confidence intervals.

RESULTS

The sample was composed of 200 participants. The median [IQR] age was 26 [22-32] years, and 111 (55.5%) pregnancies were unplanned. 52% presented a poor quality of sleep and the risk of perinatal depression was 31.5%. Poor quality of sleep was associated with a significantly higher frequency of perinatal depression (aPR=4.8 for those with poor quality of sleep warranting medical attention, and aPR=6.6 for those with poor quality of sleep warranting medical attention and treatment).

CONCLUSIONS

There is a possible association between poor sleep quality and perinatal depression in pregnant women between weeks 12 and 36 of gestation. Operational research should be promoted to assess whether interventions to improve sleep quality could have a positive impact on reducing perinatal depression.