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Scholtz L, Tavernaro I, Eckert JG, Lutowski M, Geißler D, Hertwig A, Hidde G, Bigall NC, Resch-Genger U. Influence of nanoparticle encapsulation and encoding on the surface chemistry of polymer carrier beads. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11957. [PMID: 37488159 PMCID: PMC10366211 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38518-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface-functionalized polymer beads encoded with molecular luminophores and nanocrystalline emitters such as semiconductor nanocrystals, often referred to as quantum dots (QDs), or magnetic nanoparticles are broadly used in the life sciences as reporters and carrier beads. Many of these applications require a profound knowledge of the chemical nature and total number of their surface functional groups (FGs), that control bead charge, colloidal stability, hydrophobicity, and the interaction with the environment and biological systems. For bioanalytical applications, also the number of groups accessible for the subsequent functionalization with, e.g., biomolecules or targeting ligands is relevant. In this study, we explore the influence of QD encoding on the amount of carboxylic acid (COOH) surface FGs of 2 µm polystyrene microparticles (PSMPs). This is done for frequently employed oleic acid and oleylamine stabilized, luminescent core/shell CdSe QDs and two commonly used encoding procedures. This included QD addition during bead formation by a thermally induced polymerization reaction and a post synthetic swelling procedure. The accessible number of COOH groups on the surface of QD-encoded and pristine beads was quantified by two colorimetric assays, utilizing differently sized reporters and electrostatic and covalent interactions. The results were compared to the total number of FGs obtained by a conductometric titration and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, a comparison of the impact of QD and dye encoding on the bead surface chemistry was performed. Our results demonstrate the influence of QD encoding and the QD-encoding strategy on the number of surface FG that is ascribed to an interaction of the QDs with the carboxylic acid groups on the bead surface. These findings are of considerable relevance for applications of nanoparticle-encoded beads and safe-by-design concepts for nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Scholtz
- Division 1.2 Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabella Tavernaro
- Division 1.2 Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Gerrit Eckert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marc Lutowski
- Division 1.2 Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Geißler
- Division 1.2 Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- PolyAn GmbH, Schkopauer Ring 6, 12681, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hertwig
- Division 6.1 Surface Analysis and Interfacial Chemistry, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gundula Hidde
- Division 6.1 Surface Analysis and Interfacial Chemistry, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadja C Bigall
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines), 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Division 1.2 Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
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Lin YZ, Wang TH, Lin YS, Kuan WC, Lee WC. A novel method to prepare magnetic polymer-based anion exchangers and their application. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zong Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Systems Biology and Tissue Engineering Research Center; National Chung Cheng University; Min-Hsiung Chia-Yi 621 Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsien Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Systems Biology and Tissue Engineering Research Center; National Chung Cheng University; Min-Hsiung Chia-Yi 621 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Systems Biology and Tissue Engineering Research Center; National Chung Cheng University; Min-Hsiung Chia-Yi 621 Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Kuan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Systems Biology and Tissue Engineering Research Center; National Chung Cheng University; Min-Hsiung Chia-Yi 621 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Systems Biology and Tissue Engineering Research Center; National Chung Cheng University; Min-Hsiung Chia-Yi 621 Taiwan
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Synthesis of a novel supermagnetic iron oxide nanocomposite hydrogel based on graft copolymerization of poly((2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) onto salep for controlled release of drug. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 36:277-86. [PMID: 24433913 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this research, a novel supermagnetic iron oxide nanocomposite hydrogel was prepared using simultaneous in situ formation of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) and three-dimensional cross-linked polymer networks based on graft copolymerization of poly((2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMA) onto salep (PDMA-g-salep). The prepared ION-PDMA-g-salep hydrogel was systematically characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDAX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). In addition, the ION-PDMA-g-salep hydrogel exhibits favorable swelling properties that are sensitive to temperature, pH, and external magnetic field (EMF). The drug release behavior of the prepared hydrogel under EMF, different temperatures and pHs was also studied for the evaluation of the release mechanism and determination of diffusion coefficients. Finally, the antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity studies of the prepared hydrogel were examined. These results suggested that the ION-PDMA-g-salep hydrogel could be a promising candidate for biological dressing applications.
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Chen AZ, Li L, Wang SB, Lin XF, Liu YG, Zhao C, Wang GY, Zhao Z. Study of Fe3O4–PLLA–PEG–PLLA magnetic microspheres based on supercritical CO2: Preparation, physicochemical characterization, and drug loading investigation. J Supercrit Fluids 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Kim T, He L, Morales JR, Beyermann WP, Bardeen CJ. Magnetic field control of fluorescent polymer nanorods. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:455704. [PMID: 22020159 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/45/455704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale objects that combine high luminescence output with a magnetic response may be useful for probing local environments or manipulating objects on small scales. Ideally, these two properties would not interfere with each other. In this paper, we show that a fluorescent polymer host material can be doped with high concentrations of 20-30 nm diameter magnetic γ-Fe2O3 particles and then formed into 200 nm diameter nanorods using porous anodic alumina oxide templates. Two different polymer hosts are used: the conjugated polymer polydioctylfluorene and also polystyrene doped with the fluorescent dye Lumogen Red. Fluorescence decay measurements show that 14% by weight loading of the γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles quenches the fluorescence of the polydioctylfluorene by approximately 33%, but the polystyrene/Lumogen Red fluorescence is almost unaffected. The three-dimensional orientation of both types of nanorods can be precisely controlled by the application of a moderate strength (∼0.1 T) external field with sub-second response times. Transmission electron microscope images reveal that the nanoparticles cluster in the polymer matrix, and these clusters may serve both to prevent fluorescence quenching and to generate the magnetic moment that rotates in response to the applied magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Pimpha N, Chaleawlert-umpon S, Chruewkamlow N, Kasinrerk W. Preparation of anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody-conjugated magnetic poly(glycidyl methacrylate) particles and their application on CD4+ lymphocyte separation. Talanta 2010; 84:89-97. [PMID: 21315903 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Novel immunomagnetic particles have been prepared for separation of CD4(+) lymphocytes. The magnetic nanoparticles with a diameter of approximately 5-6 nm were first synthesized by co-precipitation from ferrous and ferric iron solutions and subsequently encapsulated with poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) by precipitation polymerization. Monoclonal antibody specific to CD4 molecules expressed on CD4(+) lymphocytes was conjugated to the surface of magnetic PGMA particles through covalent bonding between epoxide functional groups on the particle surface and primary amine groups of the antibodies. The generated immunomagnetic particles have successfully separated CD4(+) lymphocytes from whole blood with over 95% purity. The results indicated that these particles can be employed for cell separation and provide a strong potential to be applied in various biomedical applications including diagnosis, and monitoring of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttaporn Pimpha
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Rd., Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
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