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Dal NJK, Schäfer G, Thompson AM, Schmitt S, Redinger N, Alonso-Rodriguez N, Johann K, Ojong J, Wohlmann J, Best A, Koynov K, Zentel R, Schaible UE, Griffiths G, Barz M, Fenaroli F. Π-Π interactions stabilize PeptoMicelle-based formulations of Pretomanid derivatives leading to promising therapy against tuberculosis in zebrafish and mouse models. J Control Release 2023; 354:851-868. [PMID: 36681282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is the deadliest bacterial disease globally, threatening the lives of millions every year. New antibiotic therapies that can shorten the duration of treatment, improve cure rates, and impede the development of drug resistance are desperately needed. Here, we used polymeric micelles to encapsulate four second-generation derivatives of the antitubercular drug pretomanid that had previously displayed much better in vivo activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis than pretomanid itself. Because these compounds were relatively hydrophobic and had limited bioavailability, we expected that their micellar formulations would overcome these limitations, reduce toxicities, and improve therapeutic outcomes. The polymeric micelles were based on polypept(o)ides (PeptoMicelles) and were stabilized in their hydrophobic core by π-π interactions, allowing the efficient encapsulation of aromatic pretomanid derivatives. The stability of these π-π-stabilized PeptoMicelles was demonstrated in water, blood plasma, and lung surfactant by fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy and was further supported by prolonged circulation times of several days in the vasculature of zebrafish larvae. The most efficacious PeptoMicelle formulation tested in the zebrafish larvae infection model almost completely eradicated the bacteria at non-toxic doses. This lead formulation was further assessed against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the susceptible C3HeB/FeJ mouse model, which develops human-like necrotic granulomas. Following intravenous administration, the drug-loaded PeptoMicelles significantly reduced bacterial burden and inflammatory responses in the lungs and spleens of infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils-Jørgen K Dal
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gabriela Schäfer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew M Thompson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Sascha Schmitt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Natalja Redinger
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz Lungenzentrum, Program Area Infections, Div. Cellular Microbiology; University of Lübeck, Immunochemistry and Biochemical Microbiology, & German Center for Infection Research, partner site Hamburg-Lübeck - Borstel - Riems, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Johann
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jessica Ojong
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz Lungenzentrum, Program Area Infections, Div. Cellular Microbiology; University of Lübeck, Immunochemistry and Biochemical Microbiology, & German Center for Infection Research, partner site Hamburg-Lübeck - Borstel - Riems, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Jens Wohlmann
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Best
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Rudolf Zentel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich E Schaible
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz Lungenzentrum, Program Area Infections, Div. Cellular Microbiology; University of Lübeck, Immunochemistry and Biochemical Microbiology, & German Center for Infection Research, partner site Hamburg-Lübeck - Borstel - Riems, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Gareth Griffiths
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Matthias Barz
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Federico Fenaroli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway; Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway.
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Valdez S, Robertson M, Qiang Z. Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Measurements in Polymer Science: A Review. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200421. [PMID: 35689335 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a non-invasive characterization method for studying molecular structures and dynamics, providing high spatial resolution at nanometer scale. Over the past decades, FRET-based measurements are developed and widely implemented in synthetic polymer systems for understanding and detecting a variety of nanoscale phenomena, enabling significant advances in polymer science. In this review, the basic principles of fluorescence and FRET are briefly discussed. Several representative research areas are highlighted, where FRET spectroscopy and imaging can be employed to reveal polymer morphology and kinetics. These examples include understanding polymer micelle formation and stability, detecting guest molecule release from polymer host, characterizing supramolecular assembly, imaging composite interfaces, and determining polymer chain conformations and their diffusion kinetics. Finally, a perspective on the opportunities of FRET-based measurements is provided for further allowing their greater contributions in this exciting area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Valdez
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Mark Robertson
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Zhe Qiang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
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Zhou Z, Wang Y, Hu P. Oxidation-Responsive Micelles for Drug Release Monitoring and Bioimaging of Inflammation Based on FRET Effect in vitro and in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:2447-2457. [PMID: 35669000 PMCID: PMC9166312 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s356202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose A new approach to monitor drug release and image inflammatory reactions in vitro and in vivo based on FRET mechanism was reported. Methods In this study, mixed micelles containing a synthesized fluorescent donor DAN-PPS-mPEG and its quencher DAB-PPS-mPEG were prepared. Their stabilities, self-assembling and oxidation-responsiveness towards oxidants were tested in vitro and in vivo. Results The conjugated polymers were synthesized and the morphological change and the fluorescent spectra of the prepared micellar system were measured. After incubating the DAN/DAB-PPS-mPEG mixed micelles with stimulated L929 fibroblast cells, the result of confocal laser microscopy showed fluorescence restoration of the micelles. Furthermore, an acute inflammatory injury mouse model was used to test the micelles in vivo. The micelles showed its ability to visualize the inflammatory site in the abdomen of the mice. Conclusion The results confirmed that DAN/DAB-PPS-mPEG mixed micelles can respond to oxidants and release encapsulated cargos with corresponding fluorescence restoration, and visualize the inflammatory cells in vitro and inflammatory reactions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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4
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Rios De La Rosa JM, Spadea A, Donno R, Lallana E, Lu Y, Puri S, Caswell P, Lawrence MJ, Ashford M, Tirelli N. Microfluidic-assisted preparation of RGD-decorated nanoparticles: exploring integrin-facilitated uptake in cancer cell lines. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14505. [PMID: 32879363 PMCID: PMC7468293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71396-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is about fine tuning the targeting capacity of peptide-decorated nanoparticles to discriminate between cells that express different integrin make-ups. Using microfluidic-assisted nanoprecipitation, we have prepared poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles with a PEGylated surface decorated with two different arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptides: one is cyclic (RGDFC) and has specific affinity towards αvβ3 integrin heterodimers; the other is linear (RGDSP) and is reported to bind equally αvβ3 and α5β1. We have then evaluated the nanoparticle internalization in two cell lines with a markedly different integrin fingerprint: ovarian carcinoma A2780 (almost no αvβ3, moderate in α5β1) and glioma U87MG (very high in αvβ3, moderate/high in α5β1). As expected, particles with cyclic RGD were heavily internalized by U87MG (proportional to the peptide content and abrogated by anti-αvβ3) but not by A2780 (same as PEGylated particles). The linear peptide, on the other hand, did not differentiate between the cell lines, and the uptake increase vs. control particles was never higher than 50%, indicating a possible low and unselective affinity for various integrins. The strong preference of U87MG for cyclic (vs. linear) peptide-decorated nanoparticles was shown in 2D culture and further demonstrated in spheroids. Our results demonstrate that targeting specific integrin make-ups is possible and may open the way to more precise treatment, but more efforts need to be devoted to a better understanding of the relation between RGD structure and their integrin-binding capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio M Rios De La Rosa
- North West Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
- Cambridge Enterprise Limited, University of Cambridge, The Hauser Forum, 3 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0GT, UK.
| | - Alice Spadea
- North West Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Roberto Donno
- North West Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Laboratory for Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Enrique Lallana
- North West Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Yu Lu
- North West Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Sanyogitta Puri
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R & D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patrick Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - M Jayne Lawrence
- North West Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Marianne Ashford
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R & D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- North West Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
- Laboratory for Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163, Genova, Italy.
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Tilianin-loaded Reactive Oxygen Species-Scavenging Nano-Micelles Protect H9c2 Cardiomyocyte Against Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Injury. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019; 72:32-39. [PMID: 29688912 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that tilianin alleviates ischemia-reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte injury. However, its clinical translation has been hampered because of its insolubility in water. Tilianin-based nano-micelles that may overcome this critical issue are presented. A polyethylene glycol compound was covalently attached to propylene sulfide-formed amphiphilic diblock polymers. In the aqueous solution, tilianin is encapsulated in a hydrophobic shell to form nano-micelles. The Ph-PPS-PEG self-assembled into nanoscale micelles with a size of approximately 70 nm, termed "tilianin-loaded micelles" (TLMs). TLMs are highly efficient hydrogen peroxide scavengers and the activity of caspase-3 inhibition, thereby protecting cells from H/R-induced cytotoxicity. In addition, TLMs decreased levels of MDA, IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), inhibited apoptosis, TLR4 and nuclear transcription factor (NF-κB p65) protein expression in hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) model. Taken together, the study suggests that TLMs may be of clinical value for the protective effects of cardiomyocytes by inhibiting Inflammation and oxidative stress during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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El-Mohtadi F, d'Arcy R, Tirelli N. Oxidation-Responsive Materials: Biological Rationale, State of the Art, Multiple Responsiveness, and Open Issues. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800699. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farah El-Mohtadi
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry; School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Biology; Medicine, and Health; The University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Richard d'Arcy
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials; Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry; School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Biology; Medicine, and Health; The University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PT UK
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials; Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; 16163 Genova Italy
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7
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Leon-Valdivieso CY, Wedgwood J, Lallana E, Donno R, Roberts I, Ghibaudi M, Tirella A, Tirelli N. Fibroblast migration correlates with matrix softness. A study in knob-hole engineered fibrin. APL Bioeng 2018; 2:036102. [PMID: 31069320 PMCID: PMC6481723 DOI: 10.1063/1.5022841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The invasion of a matrix by migrating cells is a key step in its remodelling. At least in 2D migration models, cells tend to localize in stiffer areas (durotaxis). Here, we show that mechanical properties affect differently the 3D migration rate: non-proteolytic 3D cell migration is facilitated in softer matrices. In these gels, the modulus was varied by introducing defects in fibres, leaving largely intact the nanostructure. The matrices derive from fibrin via functionalization with a bioinert polymer [poly(ethylene glycol), PEG] through an affinity mechanism identical to that presiding to fibrin own self-assembly. Peptidic end groups on PEG were used to bind fibrinogen globular D regions [GPRP (glycine-proline-arginine-proline) for a holes, GHRP (glycine-histidine-arginine-proline) for b holes; Kd evaluated via isothermal titration calorimetry or fluorescence anisotropy]. In a dose-dependent manner, both PEGylated peptides decreased gel stiffness, but most other properties at a macroscopic [e.g., overall elastic character, strain hardening, and high (>0.5) Poisson ratio] or nano/micro level (fibre dimension and pore size) were largely unaffected, suggesting that the softening effect was due to the introduction of defects within fibres, rather than to differences in the network architecture. In these matrices, the key determinant of fibroblast migration was found to be the elastic modulus, rather than the identity or the dose of the PEGylated peptide; softer materials allowed a faster invasion, even if this meant a higher content of non-adhesive PEG. This does not conflict with fibroblast durotaxis (where stiffness controls accumulation but not necessarily the speed of migration) and indicates a way to fine tune the speed of cell colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Wedgwood
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Enrique Lallana
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Donno
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Iwan Roberts
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Annalisa Tirella
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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8
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Tang M, Hu P, Zheng Q, Tirelli N, Yang X, Wang Z, Wang Y, Tang Q, He Y. Polymeric micelles with dual thermal and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsiveness for inflammatory cancer cell delivery. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:39. [PMID: 28511687 PMCID: PMC5434630 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The object of this study was to develop a thermally and reactive oxygen species-responsive nanocarrier system for cancer therapy. Results PPS-PNIPAm block copolymer was designed and synthesised using a combination of living anionic ring-opening polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization. The synthesized polymer formed micellar aggregates in water and demonstrated dual responsiveness towards temperature and oxidants. Using doxorubicin (DOX) as a model drug, encapsulation and in vitro release of the drug molecules in PPS-PNIPAm nanocarriers confirmed the responsive release properties of such system. Cell uptake of the DOX loaded micelles was investigated with human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The results showed Dox-loaded micelles were able to be taken by the cells and mainly reside in the cytoplasma. In the stimulated cells with an elevated level of ROS, more released DOX was observed around the nuclei. In the cytotoxicity experiments, the Dox-loaded micelles demonstrated comparable efficacy to free DOX at higher concentrations, especially on ROS stimulated cells. Conclusions These results demonstrated that PPS-PNIPAm nanocarriers possess the capability to respond two typical stimuli in inflammatory cells: temperature and oxidants and can be used in anticancer drug delivery. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-017-0275-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqiong Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 South Daxuecheng Road, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Ping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 South Daxuecheng Road, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Qiang Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 South Daxuecheng Road, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- NorthWest Centre of Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Pharmacy, and Centre for Tissue Injury and Repair, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 South Daxuecheng Road, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Zhanlong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 South Daxuecheng Road, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, 832008, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 South Daxuecheng Road, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yun He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 South Daxuecheng Road, Chongqing, 401331, China.
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Tang M, Zheng Q, Tirelli N, Hu P, Tang Q, Gu J, He Y. Dual thermo/oxidation-responsive block copolymers with self-assembly behaviour and synergistic release. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Tang S, Donaphon B, Levitus M, Raymo FM. Structural Implications on the Properties of Self-Assembling Supramolecular Hosts for Fluorescent Guests. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:8676-8687. [PMID: 27490893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nine amphiphilic macromolecules with decyl and oligo(ethylene glycol) side chains, randomly distributed along a common poly(methacrylate) backbone, were synthesized from the radical copolymerization of appropriate methacrylate monomers. The resulting amphiphilic constructs differ in (1) the ratio between their hydrophobic and hydrophilic components, (2) the length of their oligo(ethylene glycol) chains, and/or (3) the molecular weight. When the ratio between hydrophobic and hydrophilic segments is comprised between 6:1 and 1:2, the macromolecules assemble spontaneously into particles with nanoscaled dimensions in neutral buffer and capture hydrophobic borondipyrromethene chromophores in their interior. However, the critical concentration required for the assembly of these supramolecular hosts as well as their hydrodynamic diameter, supramolecular weight, and number of constituent macromolecular building blocks all vary monotonically with the ratio between hydrophobic and hydrophilic components. Specifically, the critical concentration decreases and the other three parameters increase as the relative hydrophobic content raises. Furthermore, an increase in the relative hydrophobic content also discourages interchromophoric interactions between entrapped guests in both ground and excited states as well as delays access of potential quenchers. In fact, these observations demonstrate that the hydrophobic components must be in excess over their hydrophilic counterparts for optimal supramolecular hosts to assemble. Indeed, a ratio of 6:1 between the numbers of decyl and oligo(ethylene glycol) side chains appears to be ideal for this particular structural design. Under these conditions, supramolecular hosts assemble spontaneously even at relatively low polymer concentrations and their fluorescent guests do not escape into the bulk aqueous solution, despite the reversibility of the noncovalent interactions holding the supramolecular container together. Thus, these systematic investigations provide invaluable structural guidelines to design self-assembling supramolecular hosts with optimal composition for the effective encapsulation of fluorescent guests and can lead to ideal delivery vehicles for the transport of imaging probes to target locations in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Tang
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami , 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Bryan Donaphon
- School of Molecular Sciences and The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-5601, United States
| | - Marcia Levitus
- School of Molecular Sciences and The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-5601, United States
| | - Françisco M Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami , 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
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Xie M, Wang S, Singh A, Cooksey TJ, Marquez MD, Bhattarai A, Kourentzi K, Robertson ML. Fluorophore exchange kinetics in block copolymer micelles with varying solvent-fluorophore and solvent-polymer interactions. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:6196-205. [PMID: 27383924 PMCID: PMC4973472 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00297h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence spectroscopy was employed to characterize the kinetics of guest exchange in diblock copolymer micelles composed of poly(ethylene oxide-b-ε-caprolactone) (PEO-PCL) diblock copolymers in water/tetrahydrofuran (THF) mixtures which encapsulated fluorophores. The solvent composition (THF content) of the micelle solution was varied as a means of modulating the strength of interactions between the fluorophore and solvent as well as between the micelle core and solvent. A donor-acceptor fluorophore pair was employed consisting of 3,3'-dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine perchlorate (DiO, the donor) and 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI, the acceptor). Through the process of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), energy was transferred from the donor to acceptor when the fluorophores were in close proximity. A micelle solution containing DiO was mixed with a micelle solution containing DiI at t = 0, and the emission spectra of the mixed solution were monitored over time (at an excitation wavelength optimized for the donor). In micelle solutions containing 5 and 10 vol% THF in the bulk solvent, an increase in the acceptor peak intensity maximum occurred over time in the post-mixed solution, accompanied by a decrease in the donor peak intensity maximum, indicating the presence of energy transfer from the donor to the acceptor. At long times, the FRET ratios (acceptor peak intensity divided by the sum of the acceptor and donor peak intensities) were indistinguishable from that determined from pre-mixed micelle solutions of the same THF content (in pre-mixed solutions, DiO and DiI were encapsulated within the same micelle cores). In the micelle solution containing 20 vol% THF, the fluorophore exchange process occurred too quickly to be observed (the FRET ratios measured from the solutions mixed at t = 0 were commensurate to that measured from the pre-mixed solution). A time constant describing the guest exchange process was extracted from the time-dependence of the FRET ratio through fit of an exponential decay. An increase in the THF content in the micelle solution resulted in a decrease in the time constant, and the time constant varied over five orders of magnitude as the THF content was varied from 5-20 vol%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Road, S222 Engineering Building 1, Houston, TX 77204-4004, USA.
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Road, S222 Engineering Building 1, Houston, TX 77204-4004, USA.
| | - Avantika Singh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Road, S222 Engineering Building 1, Houston, TX 77204-4004, USA.
| | - Tyler J Cooksey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Road, S222 Engineering Building 1, Houston, TX 77204-4004, USA.
| | - Maria D Marquez
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Road, S222 Engineering Building 1, Houston, TX 77204-4004, USA.
| | - Ashish Bhattarai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Road, S222 Engineering Building 1, Houston, TX 77204-4004, USA.
| | - Katerina Kourentzi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Road, S222 Engineering Building 1, Houston, TX 77204-4004, USA.
| | - Megan L Robertson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Road, S222 Engineering Building 1, Houston, TX 77204-4004, USA.
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Robin MP, Osborne SAM, Pikramenou Z, Raymond JE, O'Reilly RK. Fluorescent Block Copolymer Micelles That Can Self-Report on Their Assembly and Small Molecule Encapsulation. Macromolecules 2016; 49:653-662. [PMID: 27065494 PMCID: PMC4819497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
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Block copolymer micelles have been
prepared with a dithiomaleimide
(DTM) fluorophore located in either the core or shell. Poly(triethylene
glycol acrylate)-b-poly(tert-butyl
acrylate) (P(TEGA)-b-P(tBA)) was
synthesized by RAFT polymerization, with a DTM-functional acrylate
monomer copolymerized into either the core forming P(tBA) block or the shell forming P(TEGA) block. Self-assembly by direct
dissolution afforded spherical micelles with Rh of ca. 35 nm. Core-labeled micelles (CLMs)
displayed bright emission (Φf = 17%) due to good
protection of the fluorophore, whereas shell-labeled micelles (SLMs)
had lower efficiency emission due to collisional quenching in the
solvated corona. The transition from micelles to polymer unimers upon
dilution could be detected by measuring the emission intensity of
the solutions. For the core-labeled micelles, the fluorescence lifetime
was also responsive to the supramolecular state, the lifetime being
significantly longer for the micelles (τAv,I = 19
ns) than for the polymer unimers (τAv,I = 9 ns).
The core-labeled micelles could also self-report on the presence of
a fluorescent hydrophobic guest molecule (Nile Red) as a result of
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the DTM fluorophore
and the guest. The sensitivity of the DTM fluorophore to its environment
therefore provides a simple handle to obtain detailed structural information
for the labeled polymer micelles. A case will also be made for the
application superiority of core-labeled micelles over shell-labeled
micelles for the DTM fluorophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew P Robin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Shani A M Osborne
- School of Chemistry, The University of Birmingham , Edgbaston B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Zoe Pikramenou
- School of Chemistry, The University of Birmingham , Edgbaston B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Jeffery E Raymond
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Rachel K O'Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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13
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Ragab SS, Thapaliya ER, Zhang Y, Tang S, McMahan JB, Syed S, Captain B, Raymo FM. Synthesis in living cells with the assistance of supramolecular nanocarriers. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04335f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular nanocarriers transport complementary reactants inside living cells in consecutive internalization steps to allow their reaction exclusively in the intracellular space with the formation of a fluorescent product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Shaban Ragab
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | - Ek Raj Thapaliya
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | - Sicheng Tang
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | | | - Sheyum Syed
- Department of Physics
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | - Burjor Captain
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
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14
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Garcia-Amorós J, Tang S, Zhang Y, Thapaliya ER, Raymo FM. Self-Assembling Nanoparticles of Amphiphilic Polymers for In Vitro and In Vivo FRET Imaging. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 370:29-59. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22942-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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15
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d’Arcy R, Siani A, Lallana E, Tirelli N. Influence of Primary Structure on Responsiveness. Oxidative, Thermal, and Thermo-Oxidative Responses in Polysulfides. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard d’Arcy
- Centre
for Injury and Repair, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Alessandro Siani
- Centre
for Injury and Repair, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Enrique Lallana
- Centre
for Injury and Repair, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K
- NorthWest
Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), Manchester School of
Pharmacy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- Centre
for Injury and Repair, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K
- NorthWest
Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), Manchester School of
Pharmacy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K
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16
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Thapaliya ER, Fowley C, Callan B, Tang S, Zhang Y, Callan JF, Raymo FM. Energy-Transfer Schemes To Probe Fluorescent Nanocarriers and Their Emissive Cargo. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:9557-9565. [PMID: 26275045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A strategy to probe supramolecular nanocarriers and their cargo in the intracellular space was developed on the basis of fluorescence measurements and energy transfer. It relies on the covalent attachment of an energy donor, or acceptor, to the macromolecular backbone of amphiphilic polymers and the noncovalent encapsulation of a complementary acceptor, or donor, in the resulting micelles. In aqueous environments, these macromolecules self-assemble into nanostructured constructs and bring the complementary chromophores in close proximity to enable efficient energy transfer. These supramolecular assemblies travel from the extracellular to the intracellular space and retain their integrity in the process. Indeed, donors and acceptors remain close to each other after internalization, and excitation of the former chromophores translates into significant intracellular emission from the latter. Furthermore, these supramolecular assemblies exchange their components with fast kinetics in aqueous dispersions because of the reversible character of the noncovalent contacts holding them together. As a result, micelles incorporating exclusively the donors and nanocarriers containing only the acceptors scramble their chromophoric building blocks, upon mixing, to allow the transfer of energy. These dynamic processes can be reproduced in the intracellular environment with the sequential incubation of cells with the two sets of complementary nanostructured assemblies. Thus, these operating principles and choice of supramolecular synthons are particularly valuable to monitor self-assembling nanocarriers and their cargo inside living cells and can facilitate the elucidation of the behavior of these promising delivery vehicles in a diversity of biological specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ek Raj Thapaliya
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami , 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Colin Fowley
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ulster , Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Bridgeen Callan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ulster , Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Sicheng Tang
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami , 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Yang Zhang
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami , 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - John F Callan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ulster , Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Françisco M Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami , 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
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17
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Swaminathan S, Fowley C, Thapaliya ER, McCaughan B, Tang S, Fraix A, Captain B, Sortino S, Callan JF, Raymo FM. Supramolecular nanoreactors for intracellular singlet-oxygen sensitization. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:14071-14079. [PMID: 26238536 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02672e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An amphiphilic polymer with multiple decyl and oligo(ethylene glycol) chains attached to a common poly(methacrylate) backbone assembles into nanoscaled particles in aqueous environments. Hydrophobic anthracene and borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) chromophores can be co-encapsulated within the self-assembling nanoparticles and transported across hydrophilic media. The reversible character of the noncovalent bonds, holding the supramolecular containers together, permits the exchange of their components with fast kinetics in aqueous solution. Incubation of cervical cancer (HeLA) cells with a mixture of two sets of nanoparticles, pre-loaded independently with anthracene or BODIPY chromophores, results in guest scrambling first and then transport of co-entrapped species to the intracellular space. Alternatively, incubation of cells with the two sets of nanocarriers in consecutive steps permits the sequential transport of the anthracene and BODIPY chromophores across the plasma membrane and only then allows their co-encapsulation within the same supramolecular containers. Both mechanisms position the two sets of chromophores with complementary spectral overlap in close proximity to enable the efficient transfer of energy intracellularly from the anthracene donors to the BODIPY acceptors. In the presence of iodine substituents on the BODIPY platform, intersystem crossing follows energy transfer. The resulting triplet state can transfer energy further to molecular oxygen with the concomitant production of singlet oxygen to induce cell mortality. Furthermore, the donor can be excited with two near-infrared photons simultaneously to permit the photoinduced generation of singlet oxygen intracellularly under illumination conditions compatible with applications in vivo. Thus, these supramolecular strategies to control the excitation dynamics of multichromophoric assemblies in the intracellular environment can evolve into valuable protocols for photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramani Swaminathan
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, USA.
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18
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Abebe DG, Liu KY, Mishra SR, Wu AHF, Lamb RN, Fujiwara T. Time-resolved SANS analysis of micelle chain exchange behavior: thermal crosslink driven by stereocomplexation of PLA–PEG–PLA micelles. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14921e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A TR-SANS study has revealed the initial stage of non-equilibrium micelle chain exchange for the thermo-responsive hydrogel system by stereocomplexation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kwei-Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Memphis
- Memphis
- USA
| | | | - Alex H. F. Wu
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Robert N. Lamb
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
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19
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Alternate and random (co)polymers composed of anthracene and chloromethylstyrene units through controlled radical ring-opening polymerization: Synthesis, post-functionalization, and optical properties. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Swaminathan S, Fowley C, McCaughan B, Cusido J, Callan JF, Raymo FM. Intracellular Guest Exchange between Dynamic Supramolecular Hosts. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:7907-13. [DOI: 10.1021/ja500285p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Subramani Swaminathan
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department
of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Colin Fowley
- School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Bridgeen McCaughan
- School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Cusido
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department
of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - John F. Callan
- School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department
of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
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21
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d'Arcy R, Tirelli N. Fishing for fire: strategies for biological targeting and criteria for material design in anti-inflammatory therapies. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard d'Arcy
- School of Medicine/Institute of Inflammation and Repair; University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- School of Medicine/Institute of Inflammation and Repair; University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PT UK
- School of Materials; University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PT UK
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22
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Swaminathan S, Garcia-Amorós J, Fraix A, Kandoth N, Sortino S, Raymo FM. Photoresponsive polymer nanocarriers with multifunctional cargo. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:4167-78. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60324e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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23
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Song CC, Du FS, Li ZC. Oxidation-responsive polymers for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:3413-3426. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21725f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This article summarizes recent progress in the design and synthesis of various oxidation-responsive polymers and their application in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cheng Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
| | - Fu-Sheng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
| | - Zi-Chen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
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24
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Jeanmaire D, Laliturai J, Almalik A, Carampin P, Richard d'Arcy, Lallana E, Evans R, Winpenny REP, Tirelli N. Chemical specificity in REDOX-responsive materials: the diverse effects of different Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) on polysulfide nanoparticles. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01475d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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25
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Vo CD, Cadman CJ, Donno R, Goos JACM, Tirelli N. Combination of episulfide ring-opening polymerization with ATRP for the preparation of amphiphilic block copolymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 34:156-62. [PMID: 23319175 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report for the first time the combination of ATRP and ring-opening episulfide polymerization as a means to synthesize polysulfide-based low-dispersity amphiphilic block copolymers. The most significant finding is the possibility to perform ATRP under mild conditions using poly(propylene sulfide) macroinitiators, apparently without any significant copper sequestration by the polysulfides. Using glycerol monomethacrylate (GMMA) as a hydrophilic monomer, the polymers self-assembled in colloidal structures with a morphology depending on the PS/GMMA ratio, but also probably on GMMA degree of polymerization. We here also present a new AFM-based method to calculate the average number of amphiphilic macromolecules per micelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Duan Vo
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Deshayes
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California; Los Angeles California 90095
| | - Andrea M. Kasko
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California; Los Angeles California 90095
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27
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Lallana E, Tirelli N. Oxidation-Responsive Polymers: Which Groups to Use, How to Make Them, What to Expect From Them (Biomedical Applications). MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201200502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Lallana E, Ferreri T, Carroccio SC, Puga AM, Tirelli N. End-group rearrangements in poly(propylene sulfide) matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight analysis. Experimental evidence and possible mechanisms. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:2158-2164. [PMID: 22886812 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Polysulfides [poly(1,2-alkylene sulfides)] are oxidation-responsive polymers that are finding application in drug release and biomaterials. The precise knowledge of their macromolecular characteristics is of the essence in view of their application to biological systems. METHODS Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) with and without silver trifluoroacetate was used to characterize a series of polymers with increasing molecular weight in the range 1000-4000 g/mol and with low polydispersity (<1.12). RESULTS Well-resolved peaks and accurate mass-measured values were obtained using a 2-(4-hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acid (HABA) matrix, but significant fragmentations took place in the absence of silver as a cationizing reagent. Elimination reactions appeared to occur at terminal groups and limited depolymerization could be recorded. Interestingly, the most common fragmentation pathway seemed to be based on an as-yet-unreported process of hydrogen transfer requiring the presence both of ester groups and of thioethers. CONCLUSIONS The use of an appropriate cationizing reagent (silver trifluoroacetate) appeared to suppress end-group eliminations; we hypothesize that this action is based on the involvement of the terminal groups in silver chelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Lallana
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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29
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Carampin P, Lallana E, Laliturai J, Carroccio SC, Puglisi C, Tirelli N. Oxidant-Dependent REDOX Responsiveness of Polysulfides. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201200264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Hu P, Tirelli N. Scavenging ROS: superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetics by the use of an oxidation-sensitive nanocarrier/enzyme conjugate. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:438-49. [PMID: 22292618 DOI: 10.1021/bc200449k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are quintessential inflammatory compounds with oxidizing behavior. We have successfully developed a micellar system with responsiveness at the same time to two of the most important ROS: superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. This allows for an effective and selective capture of the two compounds and, in perspective, for inflammation-responsive drug release. The system is composed of superoxide dismutase (SOD) conjugated to oxidation-sensitive amphiphilic polysulfide/PEG block copolymers; the conjugate combines the SOD reactivity toward superoxide with that of hydrophobic thioethers toward hydrogen peroxide. Specifically, here we have demonstrated how this hybrid system can efficiently convert superoxide into hydrogen peroxide, which is then "mopped-up" by the polysulfides: this modus operandi is functionally analogous to the SOD/catalase combination, with the advantages of (a) being based on a single and more stable system, and (b) a higher overall efficiency due the physical proximity of the two ROS-reactive centers (SOD and polysulfides).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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