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Al-Shaeli M, Benkhaya S, Al-Juboori RA, Koyuncu I, Vatanpour V. pH-responsive membranes: Mechanisms, fabrications, and applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:173865. [PMID: 38880142 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of pH-responsiveness allows researchers to design and fabricate membranes with specific functionalities for various applications. The pH-responsive membranes (PRMs) are particular categories of membranes that have an amazing aptitude to change their properties such as permeability, selectivity and surface charge in response to changes in pH levels. This review provides a brief introduction to mechanisms of pH-responsiveness in polymers and categorizes the applied polymers and functional groups. After that, different techniques for fabricating pH-responsive membranes such as grafting, the blending of pH-responsive polymers/microgels/nanomaterials, novel polymers and graphene-layered PRMs are discussed. The application of PRMs in different processes such as filtration membranes, reverse osmosis, drug delivery, gas separation, pervaporation and self-cleaning/antifouling properties with perspective to the challenges and future progress are reviewed. Lastly, the development and limitations of PRM fabrications and applications are compared to provide inclusive information for the advancement of next-generation PRMs with improved separation and filtration performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muayad Al-Shaeli
- Paul Wurth Chair, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Avenue de l'Universit'e, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Said Benkhaya
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Raed A Al-Juboori
- NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ismail Koyuncu
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Turkey; Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Vahid Vatanpour
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey; Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, 15719-14911 Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Zamani-Babgohari F, Irannejad A, Kalantari Pour M, Khayati GR. Synthesis of carboxymethyl starch co (polyacrylamide/ polyacrylic acid) hydrogel for removing methylene blue dye from aqueous solution. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132053. [PMID: 38704075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides, notably starch, have garnered attention for their accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and biodegradability. Modifying starch to carboxymethyl starch enhances its solubility, swelling capacity, and adsorption efficiency. This research examines the synthesis of an effective hydrogel adsorbent based on carboxymethyl starch for the elimination of methylene blue from aqueous solutions. The hydrogel was synthesized using polyacrylamide and polyacrylic acid as monomers, ammonium persulfate as the initiator, and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide as the cross-linker. Through FESEM, swelling morphology was evaluated in both distilled water and methylene blue dye. The adsorption data elucidated that the adsorption capacity of the hydrogel significantly depends on the dosage of the adsorbent, pH, and concentration of the MB dye. At a pH of 7 and a dye concentration of 250 mg/L, the hydrogel exhibited an impressive 95 % removal rate for methylene blue. The results indicate that the adsorption process follows pseudo-second-order kinetics and conforms well to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, indicating a maximum adsorption capacity of 1700 mg/g. According to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and FTIR analysis, methylene blue chemisorbs to the adsorbent material. Hydrogel absorbents regulate adsorption through both intra-particle diffusion and liquid film diffusion. These results highlight the potential of the new hydrogel absorber for water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zamani-Babgohari
- Department of Materials Engineering and Metallurgy, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ahmad Irannejad
- Department of Materials Engineering and Metallurgy, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Maryam Kalantari Pour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Khayati
- Department of Materials Engineering and Metallurgy, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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3
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Fan W, Zhu S, Nie J, Du B. Thermo-Sensitive Microgel/Poly(ether sulfone) Composited Ultrafiltration Membranes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5149. [PMID: 37512423 PMCID: PMC10385273 DOI: 10.3390/ma16145149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Thermo-sensitive microgels known as PMO-MGs were synthesized via surfactant free emulsion polymerization, with poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA475) and 2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl methacrylate (MEO2MA) used as the monomers and N, N-methylene-bis-acrylamide used as the crosslinker. PMO-MGs are spherical in shape and have an average diameter of 323 ± 12 nm, as determined via transmission electron microscopy. PMO-MGs/poly (ether sulfone) (PES) composited ultrafiltration membranes were then successfully prepared via the non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) method using a PMO-MG and PES mixed solution as the casting solution. The obtained membranes were systematically characterized via combined X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and contact angle goniometer techniques. It was found that the presence of PMO-MGs significantly improved the surface hydrophilicity and antifouling performance of the obtained membranes and the PMO-MGs mainly located on the channel surface of the membranes. At 20 °C, the pure water flux increased from 217.6 L·m-2·h-1 for pure PES membrane (M00) to 369.7 L·m-2·h-1 for PMO-MGs/PES composited membrane (M20) fabricated using the casting solution with 20-weight by percentage microgels. The incorporation of PMO-MGs also gave the composited membranes a thermo-sensitive character. When the temperature increased from 20 to 45 °C, the pure water flux of M20 membrane was enhanced from 369.7 to 618.7 L·m-2·h-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shaoxiong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jingjing Nie
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Binyang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Saha P, Santi M, Emondts M, Roth H, Rahimi K, Großkurth J, Ganguly R, Wessling M, Singha NK, Pich A. Stimuli-Responsive Zwitterionic Core-Shell Microgels for Antifouling Surface Coatings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:58223-58238. [PMID: 33331763 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fouling on filtration membranes is induced by the nonspecific interactions between the membrane surface and the foulants, and effectively hinders their efficient use in various applications. Here, we established a facile method for the coating of membrane surface with a dual stimuli-responsive antifouling microgel system enriched with a high polyzwitterion content. Different poly(sulfobetaine) (PSB) zwitterionic polymers with defined molecular weights and narrow dispersities were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and integrated onto poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PVCL) microgels via a controlled dosage of a cross-linker, adapting a precipitation polymerization technique to obtain a core-shell microstructure. Increasing the PSB macro-RAFT concentration resulted in a shift of both upper critical solution temperature and lower critical solution temperature toward higher temperatures. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy at different temperatures suggested the formation of a core-shell morphology with a PVCL-rich core and a PSB-rich shell. On the other hand, the significant variations of different characteristic proton signals and reversible phase transitions of the microgel constituents were confirmed by temperature-dependent 1H NMR studies. Utilizing a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, we have been able to observe and quantitatively describe the antipolyelectrolyte behavior of the zwitterionic microgels. The oscillation frequency of the sensor proved to change reversibly according to the variations of the NaCl concentration, showing, in fact, the effect of the interaction between the salt and the opposite charges present in the microgel deposited on the sensor. Poly(ethersulfone) membranes, chosen as the model surface, when functionalized with zwitterionic microgel coatings, displayed protein-repelling property, stimulated by different transition temperatures, and showed even better performances at increasing NaCl concentration. These kinds of stimuli-responsive zwitterionic microgel can act as temperature-triggered drug delivery systems and as potential coating materials to prevent bioadhesion and biofouling as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pabitra Saha
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen 52056, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Marta Santi
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen 52056, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Meike Emondts
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen 52056, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Hannah Roth
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen 52056, Germany
- Chemical Process Engineering AVT.CVT, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Khosrow Rahimi
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen 52056, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | | | - Ritabrata Ganguly
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Matthias Wessling
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen 52056, Germany
- Chemical Process Engineering AVT.CVT, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Nikhil K Singha
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen 52056, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229 GT, The Netherlands
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Cao R, Qin M, Liu C, Li S, Guo P, Han G, Hu X, Feng W, Chen L. Photo- and Thermosensitive Polymer Membrane with a Tunable Microstructure Doped with Graphene Oxide Nanosheets and Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) for the Application of Light-Cleaning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:14352-14364. [PMID: 32125815 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Traditional polymer membranes exhibit a constant structure that makes adjustment of the filtration process difficult, such as flux changing and contaminant cleaning. Inspired by the automatically closing behavior of leaf stomata under strong light, we prepared a membrane with thermo- and photosensitivities, whose microstructure, as well as filtration properties, could be controlled by adjusting the light condition. The membrane was fabricated by the immersion phase inversion method with a casting solution of polyvinylidene fluoride-g-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PVDF-g-PNIPAAm) and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets. Additionally, the membrane could be heated to a high temperature in a short time under illumination, causing shrinkage of its PNIPAAm chains and expansion of its membrane pores. On the basis of the reversible photoinduced structural transformation, the membrane exhibited a high water gating ratio under the switching of light on/off. Moreover, we proposed a novel and simple method to clear the contaminant from the pores of the membrane via light, which we named "light-cleaning". Light-cleaning had a flux recovery rate of 99.2%, substantially higher than that of back-washing (62%). This work not only extends the controllability and functionality of the polymer membrane but also develops a new membrane cleaning system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Display Materials and Devices, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Display Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangwen Li
- School of Materials Engineering, North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Langfang 065000, People's Republic of China
| | - Peili Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoying Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Display Materials and Devices, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Display Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
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Mondal P, Samanta NS, Meghnani V, Purkait MK. Selective glucose permeability in presence of various salts through tunable pore size of pH responsive PVDF-co-HFP membrane. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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7
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Li XY, Xie R, Zhang C, Chen ZH, Hu JQ, Ju XJ, Wang W, Liu Z, Chu LY. Effects of hydrophilicity of blended submicrogels on the microstructure and performance of thermo-responsive membranes. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Wang W, Chen X, Zhao C, Zhao B, Dong H, Ma S, Li L, Chen L, Zhang B. Cross-Flow Catalysis Behavior of a PVDF/SiO₂@Ag Nanoparticles Composite Membrane. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10010059. [PMID: 30966093 PMCID: PMC6414846 DOI: 10.3390/polym10010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A blend of Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) and SiO₂ microspheres in N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) underwent phase inversion to form a PVDF/SiO₂ membrane with SiO₂ microspheres in the membrane's pores. Subsequently, the SiO₂ microspheres have been used as platforms for in site Ag nanoparticles (NPs) synthesis, forming a composite membrane. Benefitting from the full exposure of Ag NPs to the reactants, the composite membrane shows high catalytic reactivity when catalyzing the reduction of p-nitrophenol under a cross-flow. The catalytic reaction follows the first-order kinetics, and the reaction rate increases with an increase in the amount of Ag NPs in the membrane, the reaction temperature, and the operating pressure. What is more, highly purified products can be produced and separated from the reactants in a timely manner by using the composite membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Chu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Bowu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Hualin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Shengkui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Liying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Tianjin BeiAo Membrane Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300180, China.
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Formoso P, Pantuso E, De Filpo G, Nicoletta FP. Electro-Conductive Membranes for Permeation Enhancement and Fouling Mitigation: A Short Review. MEMBRANES 2017; 7:E39. [PMID: 28788091 PMCID: PMC5618124 DOI: 10.3390/membranes7030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The research on electro-conductive membranes has expanded in recent years. These membranes have strong prospective as key components in next generation water treatment plants because they are engineered in order to enhance their performance in terms of separation, flux, fouling potential, and permselectivity. The present review summarizes recent developments in the preparation of electro-conductive membranes and the mechanisms of their response to external electric voltages in order to obtain an improvement in permeation and mitigation in the fouling growth. In particular, this paper deals with the properties of electro-conductive polymers and the preparation of electro-conductive polymer membranes with a focus on responsive membranes based on polyaniline, polypyrrole and carbon nanotubes. Then, some examples of electro-conductive membranes for permeation enhancement and fouling mitigation by electrostatic repulsion, hydrogen peroxide generation and electrochemical oxidation will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Formoso
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Elvira Pantuso
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Giovanni De Filpo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Fiore Pasquale Nicoletta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
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10
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Shen X, Gao Y, He Y, Zhao Y, Chen L. Preparation and anti-fouling property of carboxybetaine-based zwitterionic PVDF membrane. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2016.1146299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Ronen A, Walker SL, Jassby D. Electroconductive and electroresponsive membranes for water treatment. REV CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2015-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn populated, water-scarce regions, seawater and wastewater are considered as potable water resources that require extensive treatment before being suitable for consumption. The separation of water from salt, organic, and inorganic matter is most commonly done through membrane separation processes. Because of permeate flux and concentration polarization, membranes are prone to fouling, resulting in a decline in membrane performance and increased energy demands. As the physical and chemical properties of commercially available membranes (polymeric and ceramic) are relatively static and insensitive to changes in the environment, there is a need for stimuli-reactive membranes with controlled, tunable surface and transport properties to decrease fouling and control membrane properties such as hydrophilicity and permselectivity. In this review, we first describe the application of electricity-conducting and electricity-responsive membranes (ERMs) for fouling mitigation. We discuss their ability to reduce organic, inorganic, and biological fouling by several mechanisms, including control over the membrane’s surface morphology, electrostatic rejection, piezoelectric vibrations, electrochemical reactions, and local pH changes. Next, we examine the use of ERMs for permselectivity modification, which allows for the optimization of rejection and control over ion transport through the application of electrical potentials and the use of electrostatically charged membrane surfaces. In addition, electrochemical reactions coupled with membrane filtration are examined, including electro-oxidation and electro-Fenton reactions, demonstrating the capability of ERMs to electro-oxidize organic contaminates with high efficiency due to high surface area and reduced mass diffusion limitations. When applicable, ERM applications are compared with commercial membranes in terms of energy consumptions. We conclude with a brief discussion regarding the future directions of ERMs and provide examples of several applications such as pore size and selectivity control, electrowettability, and capacitive deionization. To provide the reader with the current state of knowledge, the review focuses on research published in the last 5 years.
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12
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Darvishmanesh S, Qian X, Wickramasinghe SR. Responsive membranes for advanced separations. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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13
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14
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Zhao W, Nugroho RW, Odelius K, Edlund U, Zhao C, Albertsson AC. In situ cross-linking of stimuli-responsive hemicellulose microgels during spray drying. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:4202-15. [PMID: 25630464 PMCID: PMC4535707 DOI: 10.1021/am5084732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chemical cross-linking during spray drying offers the potential for green fabrication of microgels with a rapid stimuli response and good blood compatibility and provides a platform for stimuli-responsive hemicellulose microgels (SRHMGs). The cross-linking reaction occurs rapidly in situ at elevated temperature during spray drying, enabling the production of microgels in a large scale within a few minutes. The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. The surface morphologies, chemical compositions, charge, pH, and mechanical properties of these smart microgels were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, IR, zeta potential measurements, pH evaluation, and quantitative nanomechanical mapping, respectively. Different oxidation states were observed when AP was introduced, as confirmed by UV spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Systematic blood compatibility evaluations revealed that the SRHMGs have good blood compatibility. This bottom-up strategy to synthesize SRHMGs enables a new route to the production of smart microgels for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Zhao
- Fiber
and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China
| | - Robertus Wahyu
N. Nugroho
- Fiber
and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Odelius
- Fiber
and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrica Edlund
- Fiber
and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China
| | - Ann-Christine Albertsson
- Fiber
and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Sekhavat Pour Z, Ghaemy M. Removal of dyes and heavy metal ions from water by magnetic hydrogel beads based on poly(vinyl alcohol)/carboxymethyl starch-g-poly(vinyl imidazole). RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08025h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly porous magnetic nanocomposite hydrogel (m-CVP) beads were prepared and used for the removal of dyes and heavy metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sekhavat Pour
- Polymer Research Laboratory
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Mazandaran
- Babolsar
- Iran
| | - Mousa Ghaemy
- Polymer Research Laboratory
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Mazandaran
- Babolsar
- Iran
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16
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17
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Jang H, Song DH, Kim IC, Kwon YN. Fouling control through the hydrophilic surface modification of poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Jang
- Research Center for Biobased Chemistry; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; P. O. Box 107, Daejeon 305-600 Republic of Korea
| | - Du-Hyun Song
- Research Center for Biobased Chemistry; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; P. O. Box 107, Daejeon 305-600 Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chul Kim
- Research Center for Biobased Chemistry; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; P. O. Box 107, Daejeon 305-600 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Nam Kwon
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology; Ulsan 689-798 Republic of Korea
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Li M, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Liu M, Ye H, Zhang Y, Chen X. Adsorption behavior and self-aggregation of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-porphyrin on quaternized polysulfone membrane. Colloid Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Temperature- and pH-sensitive membrane formed from blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride)-graft-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(acrylic acid) microgels. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Chen X, He Y, Shi C, Fu W, Bi S, Wang Z, Chen L. Temperature- and pH-responsive membranes based on poly (vinylidene fluoride) functionalized with microgels. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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