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John B, Krishnan D, Athira S, Amsi A, Anukrishnan S, Maya TMV, Krishnan KA. Synthesis and characterization of amine functionalized silylated clay for heavy metal adsorption: Thermodynamic and kinetic studies on Fe(III) ion. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:134963. [PMID: 39216570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Amine functionalized bentonites were used as adsorbents for the bioremoval of Fe(III) ions, which led to the inclusion of functional groups such as -OH, -NH2, -OCH3, etc. FTIR, XRD, SEM, AFM, TG, BET, XRF, and CHNS analyzer were used to analyze the surface and textural characteristics. The influence of adsorption factors, such as pH, contact time, temperature, and initial concentration, have been investigated and tailored in batch adsorption experiments of Fe (III) metal ions. The maximum adsorption efficiency and capacity of modified BNT-APTMS is 100.90 % and 103.91 mg/g respectively. The adsorption process is best fit with Freundlich model (R2=0.998) than Langmuir model (R2=0.788) and the Temkin model D-R isotherm parameters indicating a physisorption process. A mechanism of spontaneous complexation was accomplished, because of the heterogeneity of the surface, electrostatic forces, pore filling, and π-π stacking. Follows PSO kinetics and favours Freundlich isotherm. The adsorbent substance showed a remarkable capacity for regeneration, assuring the substance's stability and reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bency John
- Biogeochemistry Group, National Centre of Earth Science Studies, Akkulam, Trivandrum, Kerala 695011, India; Department of Chemistry, St. Gregorios College, Kottarakkara, Kollam, Kerala 691531, India; Research Scholar, University of Kerala, India
| | - Devika Krishnan
- Biogeochemistry Group, National Centre of Earth Science Studies, Akkulam, Trivandrum, Kerala 695011, India; Department of Chemistry, St. Gregorios College, Kottarakkara, Kollam, Kerala 691531, India
| | - S Athira
- Biogeochemistry Group, National Centre of Earth Science Studies, Akkulam, Trivandrum, Kerala 695011, India; Department of Chemistry, St. Gregorios College, Kottarakkara, Kollam, Kerala 691531, India
| | - A Amsi
- Biogeochemistry Group, National Centre of Earth Science Studies, Akkulam, Trivandrum, Kerala 695011, India; Department of Chemistry, St. Gregorios College, Kottarakkara, Kollam, Kerala 691531, India
| | - S Anukrishnan
- Biogeochemistry Group, National Centre of Earth Science Studies, Akkulam, Trivandrum, Kerala 695011, India; Department of Chemistry, St. Gregorios College, Kottarakkara, Kollam, Kerala 691531, India
| | - T M Vishnu Maya
- Biogeochemistry Group, National Centre of Earth Science Studies, Akkulam, Trivandrum, Kerala 695011, India; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Trivandrum, Kerala 695581, India; Research Scholar, University of Kerala, India
| | - K Anoop Krishnan
- Biogeochemistry Group, National Centre of Earth Science Studies, Akkulam, Trivandrum, Kerala 695011, India.
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