Separation of butyric acid in fixed bed column with solvent impregnated resin containing ammonium ionic liquid

Rhodamine-B dye removal using aliquat-336 modified amberlite XAD-4 resin in fixed-bed columns in series

The present work reports studies on the effective removal of Rhodamine-B (RhB) using Aliquat-336 modified Amberlite XAD-4 resin in the fixed-bed columns in series. The effect of flow rate (Q = 2 to 6 mL·min^-1), bed height (h = 3.5 to 7 cm) and initial RhB dye concentration (C_in = 10 to 20 mg·L^-1) was studied. When a single column was used, 93% RhB dye was removed in 3 h at Q = 2 mL·min^-1, C_in = 10 mg·L^-1, and h = 7 cm. When three columns in series were used, almost 100% dye was removed until 80 h. The maximum breakthrough time (142 h) and saturation time (244 h) were found by keeping Q = 2 mL·min^-1, h = 7 cm of each column and C_in = 10 mg·L^-1. Mathematical modeling of the breakthrough curves was done by using Yoon-Nelson, Clark, Wolborska, and pore diffusion models. The Clark model best fitted the experimental data. The possible interaction mechanism between Aliquat-336 and RhB dye was proposed. The column was regenerated in continuous mode using 1 M HCl solution and maintaining a flow rate of 2 mL·min^-1.

Solvent impregnated resins for the treatment of aqueous solutions containing different compounds: a review

In this review paper, a complete study and analysis of the research articles dealing with the removal of various organic and inorganic pollutants using solvent impregnated resins (SIR) is carried out. The method of impregnation, characterizations of prepared resin, and regeneration techniques of different SIRs for batch and continuous fixed bed columns are presented. The effects of different operating parameters (e.g., loading of solvent on the resin, dosage of adsorbent, initial solute concentration, pH, temperature, time, ionic strength) on the separation efficiency of SIR in the batch mode are discussed. Thermodynamic parameters (change in Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy) are tabulated from the data available in the literature, and if not given, then their values are calculated and presented. The influence of parameters (flow rate, bed height, pH, concentration of the solution, etc.) on the fixed bed column performance is analyzed. Design aspects of the column are also discussed, and the dimensions of fixed bed columns for industrial applications are proposed.