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Fan Z, Li B, Ren D, Xu M. Recent Progress of Low Dielectric and High-Performance Polybenzoxazine-Based Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3933. [PMID: 37835982 PMCID: PMC10575129 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid advancement of intelligent electronics, big data platforms, and other cutting-edge technologies, traditional low dielectric polymer matrix composites are no longer sufficient to satisfy the application requirements of high-end electronic information materials, particularly in the realm of high integration and high-frequency, high-speed electronic communication device manufacturing. Consequently, resin-based composites with exceptional low dielectric properties have garnered unprecedented attention. In recent years, benzoxazine-based composites have piqued the interest of scholars in the fields of high-temperature-resistant, low dielectric electronic materials due to their remarkable attributes such as high strength, high modulus, high heat resistance, low curing shrinkage, low thermal expansion coefficient, and excellent flame retardancy. This article focuses on the design and development of modification of polybenzoxazine based on low dielectric polybenzoxazine modification methods. Studies on manufacturing polybenzoxazine co-polymers and benzoxazine-based nanocomposites have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mingzhen Xu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (Z.F.); (B.L.); (D.R.)
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2
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Development of an Atomic-Oxygen-Erosion-Resistant, Alumina-Fiber-Reinforced, Fluorinated Polybenzoxazine Composite for Low-Earth Orbital Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010112. [PMID: 36616462 PMCID: PMC9824667 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An atomic-oxygen-erosion-resistant fluorinated benzoxazine resin and composite were developed. The benzoxazine resin, abbreviated as “BAF-oda-fu,” consists of four benzoxazine rings, and was synthesized from bisphenol AF (BAF), 4,4′-oxydianiline (oda), furfurylamine (fu), and paraformaldehyde. The resin was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). An analysis of the solvent-washed product showed a technical grade purity (>95%) and a yield of approximately 85%. Subsequent polymerization of the resin was successfully performed by heating step-wise and opening the benzoxazine rings to form a crosslinked network. Thermal analyses showed a melting temperature of 115 °C and polymerization temperature of 238 °C, both being characteristic values of benzoxazine monomers. The benzoxazine resin was also blended with polyoctahedral sisesquoxane (POSS) and reinforced with alumina fibers. The Tg of the resin, as determined by DMA of the composite, could reach as high as 308 °C when post-curing and the POSS additive were utilized. The low-Earth orbit atomic-oxygen erosion rate was simulated by an RF plasma asher/etcher. The atomic-oxygen resistance of poly(BAF-oda-fu) fell along an established trend line based on its fluorine content.
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3
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Wu M, Han W, Zhang C, Zhang S, Zhang X, Chen X, Naito K, Yu X, Zhang Q. Rational Design of Fluorinated Phthalonitrile/Hollow Glass Microsphere Composite with Low Dielectric Constant and Excellent Heat Resistance for Microelectronic Packaging. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3973. [PMID: 36432259 PMCID: PMC9698618 DOI: 10.3390/nano12223973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High-performance composites with a resin matrix are urgently required for electronic packaging due to their low dielectric constant, outstanding high temperature resistance, excellent corrosion resistance, light weight and easy molding. In this work, hollow-glass-microsphere (HGM)-filled fluorinated-phthalonitrile (PBDP) composites, with filler contents ranging from 0 to 35.0 vol.%, were prepared in order to modify the dielectric properties of the phthalonitrile. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations indicate that the modified HGM particles were uniformly dispersed in the matrix. The PBDP/27.5HGM-NH2 composite demonstrates a low dielectric constant of 1.85 at 12 GHz. The 5% thermogravimetric temperature (T5) of composites with silanized HGM filler (481-486 °C) is higher than the minimum packaging-material requirements (450 °C). In addition, the heat-resistance index (THRI) of PBDP/HGM-NH2 composites reached as high as 268 °C. the storage modulus of PBDP/HGM-NH2 composites were significantly increased to 1283 MPa at 400 °C, an increase by 50%, in comparison to that of PBDP phthalonitrile resin (857 MPa). The excellent dielectric and thermal properties of the present composites may pave a way for comprehensive applications in electronic packaging and thermal management for energy systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Wenshuang Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Xinyang Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Xinggang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Kimiyoshi Naito
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Hybrid Materials Unit, Composite Materials Group, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Qingxin Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
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4
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Kobzar Y, Fatyeyeva KY. A Simple Solvent-Free Strategy of Polybenzoxazine Film Elaboration with Controllable Performance via Molecular Weight Regulation between Cross-Linking Knots. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav Kobzar
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymerès, Biopolymères, Surfaces (PBS), 76000Rouen, France
| | - Kateryna Yu. Fatyeyeva
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymerès, Biopolymères, Surfaces (PBS), 76000Rouen, France
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5
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Kobzar YL, Azzouz G, Albadri H, Levillain J, Dez I, Gaumont AC, Lecamp L, Chappey C, Marais S, Fatyeyeva K. Novel Ionic Conducting Composite Membrane Based on Polymerizable Ionic Liquids. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213704. [PMID: 34771259 PMCID: PMC8588533 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the design and characterization of new supported ionic liquid membranes, as medium-temperature polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel-cell application, are described. These membranes were elaborated by the impregnation of porous polyimide Matrimid® with different synthesized protic ionic liquids containing polymerizable vinyl, allyl, or methacrylate groups. The ionic liquid polymerization was optimized in terms of the nature of the used (photo)initiator, its quantity, and reaction duration. The mechanical and thermal properties, as well as the proton conductivities of the supported ionic liquid membranes were analyzed in dynamic and static modes, as a function of the chemical structure of the protic ionic liquid. The obtained membranes were found to be flexible with Young’s modulus and elongation at break values were equal to 1371 MPa and 271%, respectively. Besides, these membranes exhibited high thermal stability with initial decomposition temperatures > 300 °C. In addition, the resulting supported membranes possessed good proton conductivity over a wide temperature range (from 30 to 150 °C). For example, the three-component Matrimid®/vinylimidazolium/polyvinylimidazolium trifluoromethane sulfonate membrane showed the highest proton conductivity—~5 × 10−2 mS/cm and ~0.1 mS/cm at 100 °C and 150 °C, respectively. This result makes the obtained membranes attractive for medium-temperature fuel-cell application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav L. Kobzar
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymerès Biopolymères Surfaces (PBS), 76000 Rouen, France; (Y.L.K.); (G.A.); (L.L.); (C.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Ghania Azzouz
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymerès Biopolymères Surfaces (PBS), 76000 Rouen, France; (Y.L.K.); (G.A.); (L.L.); (C.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Hashim Albadri
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, 14000 Caen, France; (H.A.); (J.L.); (I.D.); (A.-C.G.)
| | - Jocelyne Levillain
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, 14000 Caen, France; (H.A.); (J.L.); (I.D.); (A.-C.G.)
| | - Isabelle Dez
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, 14000 Caen, France; (H.A.); (J.L.); (I.D.); (A.-C.G.)
| | - Annie-Claude Gaumont
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, 14000 Caen, France; (H.A.); (J.L.); (I.D.); (A.-C.G.)
| | - Laurence Lecamp
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymerès Biopolymères Surfaces (PBS), 76000 Rouen, France; (Y.L.K.); (G.A.); (L.L.); (C.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Corinne Chappey
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymerès Biopolymères Surfaces (PBS), 76000 Rouen, France; (Y.L.K.); (G.A.); (L.L.); (C.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Stéphane Marais
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymerès Biopolymères Surfaces (PBS), 76000 Rouen, France; (Y.L.K.); (G.A.); (L.L.); (C.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Kateryna Fatyeyeva
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymerès Biopolymères Surfaces (PBS), 76000 Rouen, France; (Y.L.K.); (G.A.); (L.L.); (C.C.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Lu G, Yang H, Zhen H, Li C, Shen S, Liu Y, Run M. Effect of methoxy position on dynamic mechanical and shape memory properties of methoxyphenol-based polybenzoxazines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2020.1797370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Huiyun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Hecheng Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Cuiyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Shanshan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Mingtao Run
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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7
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Synthesis and Characterization of Low-Cost Cresol-Based Benzoxazine Resins as Potential Binders in Abrasive Composites. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13132995. [PMID: 32635664 PMCID: PMC7372411 DOI: 10.3390/ma13132995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of cresol-based benzoxazines were synthesized for potential application as a polymer matrix in abrasive composites. The chemical structures of the obtained benzoxazine resins were investigated in detail using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and hydrogen-1 as well as carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR, 13C NMR) with an additional analysis using two-dimensional NMR techniques (2D NMR 1H-1H COSY, 1H-13C gHSQC and gHMBC). Structural analysis confirmed the presence of vibrations of -O-C-N- at ~950 cm-1 wavenumber, characteristic for an oxazine ring. The thermal properties of benzoxazine monomers were examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The polymerization enthalpy varied from 143.2 J/g to 287.8 J/g. Thermal stability of cresol-based benzoxazines was determined using thermogravimetry (TGA) analysis with additional analysis of the amount of volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted from the synthesized benzoxazines during their crosslinking by static headspace coupled with gas chromatography technique (HS-GC). The amount of residual mass significantly differed between all synthesized polybenzoxazines in the range from 8.4% to 21.2%. The total VOC emission for benzoxazines decreased by 46-77% in reference to a conventional phenolic binder. The efficiency of abrasive composites with the benzoxazine matrix was evaluated based on abrasion tests. Performed analyses confirmed successful synthesis and proper chemical structure of cresol-based benzoxazines. All the experiments indicated that benzoxazines based on different cresol isomers significantly differ from each other. Good thermal performance and stability of the abrasive composites with the polybenzoxazine matrix and significantly lower VOC emission allow us to state that benzoxazines can be a promising and valuable alternative to the phenolics and a new path for the development of modern, eco-friendly abrasives.
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8
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A novel strategy to construct polybenzimidazole linked crosslinking networks for polymer electrolyte fuel cell applications. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Parreño RP, Liu YL, Beltran AB, Carandang MB. Effect of a direct sulfonation reaction on the functional properties of thermally-crosslinked electrospun polybenzoxazine (PBz) nanofibers. RSC Adv 2020; 10:14198-14207. [PMID: 35498459 PMCID: PMC9051891 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01285h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrospun nanofibers of polybenzoxazines (PBzs) were fabricated using an electrospinning process and crosslinked by a sequential thermal treatment. Functionalization by the direct sulfonation process followed after the post-electrospinning modification treatment. The first stage of experiment determined the effects of varying the concentration of sulfuric acid as the sulfonating agent in the sulfonation reaction under ordinary conditions. The second stage examined the mechanism and kinetics of the sulfonation reaction using only concentrated H2SO4 at different reaction time periods of 3 h, 6 h, and 24 h. The mechanism of the sulfonation reaction with PBz nanofibers was proposed with only one sulfonic acid (-SO3H) group attached to each of the repeating units since only first type substitution in the aromatic structure occurs under this condition. The kinetics of the reaction exhibited a logarithmic correlation where the rate of change in the ion exchange capacity (IEC) with the reaction time increased rapidly and then reached a plateau at the reaction time between 18 h and 24 h. Effective sulfonation was confirmed by electron spectroscopy with a characteristic peak associated with the C-S bond owing to the sulfonate group introduced onto the surface of the nanofibers. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy also confirmed these results for varying reaction times. The SEM images showed that sulfonation has no drastic effects on the morphology and microstructure of the nanofibers but a rougher surface was evident due to the wetted fibers with sulfonate groups attached to the surface. EDX spectra exhibited sulfur peaks where the concentration of sulfonate groups present in the nanofibers is directly proportional to the reaction time. From surface wettability studies, it was found that the nanofibers retained the hydrophobicity after sulfonation but the inherent surface property of PBz nanofibers was observed by changing the pH level of water to basic, which switches its surface properties to hydrophilic. The thermal stability of the sulfonated nanofibers showed almost the same behavior compared to non-sulfonated nanofibers except for the 24 h sulfonation case, which has slightly lower onset temperature of degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo P Parreño
- Department of Chemical Engineering, De La Salle University 2401 Taft Avenue Manila 1004 Philippines .,Chemicals and Energy Division, Industrial Technology Development Institute (ITDI), Department of Science and Technology (DOST) Taguig 1631 Philippines
| | - Ying-Ling Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Arnel B Beltran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, De La Salle University 2401 Taft Avenue Manila 1004 Philippines .,Center for Engineering and Sustainable Development Research, De La Salle University 2401 Taft Avenue Manila 1004 Philippines
| | - Maricar B Carandang
- Chemicals and Energy Division, Industrial Technology Development Institute (ITDI), Department of Science and Technology (DOST) Taguig 1631 Philippines
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10
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Wu M, Xu J, Bai S, Chen X, Yu X, Naito K, Zhang Z, Zhang Q. A high-performance functional phthalonitrile resin with a low melting point and a low dielectric constant. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:1888-1896. [PMID: 31994579 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02328c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A monomer of fluorinated phthalonitrile, namely 4,4'-bis(p-perfluoro-phenol-(bis(p-phenol)propane-2,2-diyl)-p-oxy-diphthalonitrile) (PBDP), was synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution reaction of bisphenol A, decafluorobiphenyl and 4-nitrophthalonitrile. The structure of the monomer was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results indicated that the PBDP monomer was synthesized successfully. The monomer was cured in the presence of 4-(aminophenoxy)phthalonitrile (APPH) and the curing behaviour was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), suggesting a low melting point of 96 °C and an excellent processing window (96-262 °C). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that the fluorinated phthalonitrile resin possessed outstanding thermal and thermo-oxidative stabilities as well as good mechanical properties. The glass transition temperature was >400 °C and the 5% thermal degradation temperature was 501 °C. When the frequency was 50 MHz, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the polymer were 2.84 and 0.007, respectively. The PBDP resin has ultra-low water absorption of 0.77% and 1.4%, when exposed to an aqueous environment for 50 days at 24 °C and for 24 h at 100 °C, respectively. The prepared PBDP resin with outstanding thermal stability and low dielectric constant is an ideal candidate for aerospace industries, and microelectronic and other electronic packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
| | - Shengnan Bai
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
| | - Xinggang Chen
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
| | - Kimiyoshi Naito
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Zhenjiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Qingxin Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China. and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
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11
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Martos A, Soto M, Schäfer H, Koschek K, Marquet J, Sebastián RM. Highly Crosslinked Polybenzoxazines from Monobenzoxazines: The Effect of Meta-Substitution in the Phenol Ring. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E254. [PMID: 31973239 PMCID: PMC7077280 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is possible to control the crosslink density of polymers derived from monobenzoxazines by switching the type of substituents in the phenolic ring and their relative position with respect to the phenol group. We prepared several substituted monobenzoxazines in the para and meta positions of the phenolic ring and studied how these substituents affected the polymerization temperature of monomers and the thermal stability of the final polymers and, more extensively, how they affected the crosslink network of the final polymers. Gel content and dynamic mechanical analysis confirm that ortho- and para-orienting substituents in the meta position generate highly crosslinked materials compared to para ones. This fact can lead to the design of materials with highly crosslinked networks based on monobenzoxazines, simpler and more versatile monomers than the commercial bisbenzoxazines currently in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Martos
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centro de Innovación en Química (ORFEO-CINQA), Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Marc Soto
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Adhesive Bonding Technology and Surfaces, Wiener Strasse 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (M.S.); (H.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Hannes Schäfer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Adhesive Bonding Technology and Surfaces, Wiener Strasse 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (M.S.); (H.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Katharina Koschek
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Adhesive Bonding Technology and Surfaces, Wiener Strasse 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (M.S.); (H.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Jordi Marquet
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centro de Innovación en Química (ORFEO-CINQA), Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Rosa M. Sebastián
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centro de Innovación en Química (ORFEO-CINQA), Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
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Wang T, Wang ZC, Pan ZC, Dayo AQ, Liu WB, Wang J. Synthesis of novel allylamine-fluorene based benzoxazine and its copolymerization with typical benzoxazine: curing behavior and thermal properties. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04262e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly(t-BF-sa-a) showed much better thermal properties and glass transition temperatures than traditional fluorene-based benzoxazine monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Zhi-cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Zhong-cheng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Abdul Qadeer Dayo
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Balochistan University of Information Technology
- Engineering and Management Sciences
- Quetta 87300
- Pakistan
| | - Wen-bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
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Parreño RP, Liu YL, Beltran AB. A Sulfur Copolymers (SDIB)/Polybenzoxazines (PBz) Polymer Blend for Electrospinning of Nanofibers. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1526. [PMID: 31717767 PMCID: PMC6915670 DOI: 10.3390/nano9111526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrated the processability of sulfur copolymers (SDIB) into polymer blend with polybenzoxazines (PBz) and their compatibility with the electrospinning process. Synthesis of SDIB was conducted via inverse vulcanization using elemental sulfur (S8). Polymer blends produced by simply mixing with varying concentration of SDIB (5 and 10 wt%) and fixed concentration of PBz (10 wt%) exhibited homogeneity and a single-phase structure capable of forming nanofibers. Nanofiber mats were characterized to determine the blending effect on the microstructure and final properties. Fiber diameter increased and exhibited non-uniform, broader fiber diameter distribution with increased SDIB. Microstructures of mats based on SEM images showed the occurrence of partial aggregation and conglutination with each fiber. Incorporation of SDIB were confirmed from EDX which was in agreement with the amount of SDIB relative to the sulfur peak in the spectra. Spectroscopy further confirmed that SDIB did not affect the chemistry of PBz but the presence of special interaction benefited miscibility. Two distinct glass transition temperatures of 97 °C and 280 °C indicated that new material was produced from the blend while the water contact angle of the fibers was reduced from 130° to 82° which became quite hydrophilic. Blending of SDIB with component polymer proved that its processability can be further explored for optimal spinnability of nanofibers for desired applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo P. Parreño
- Department of Chemical Engineering, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila 1004, Philippines
- Chemicals and Energy Division, Industrial Technology Development Institute (ITDI), Department of Science and Technology (DOST), Taguig 1631, Philippines
| | - Ying-Ling Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
| | - Arnel B. Beltran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila 1004, Philippines
- Center for Engineering and Sustainable Development Research, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Ave, Manila 1004, Philippines
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14
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Dogan YE, Satilmis B, Uyar T. Crosslinked PolyCyclodextrin/PolyBenzoxazine electrospun microfibers for selective removal of methylene blue from an aqueous system. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Synthesis of novel multi-functional fluorene-based benzoxazine resins: Polymerization behaviour, curing kinetics, and thermal properties. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.104344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Higgins CL, Filip SV, Afsar A, Hayes W. Evaluation of thermal and oxidative stability of three generations of phenolic based novel dendritic fuel and lubricant additives. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Synthesis of new cross-linked copolymer from bisphenol A–aniline based benzoxazine and meta-linked fluorinated poly(arylene ether). MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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