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Huang B, Yu Y, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Dai L, Zhang Z, Fei HF. Al@SiO 2 Core-Shell Fillers Enhance Dielectric Properties of Silicone Composites. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:35275-35282. [PMID: 37780022 PMCID: PMC10536023 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been significant interest in polysiloxane-based dielectric elastomers as promising soft electroactive materials. Nevertheless, the natural low permittivity of polydimethylsiloxane has limited its practical applications. In this study, we have developed silicone rubber/Al@SiO2 composites with a high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss, and high electrical breakdown strength by controlling the shell layer thickness and the content of the core-shell filler. We also investigated the dielectric behavior of the composites. The use of core-shell fillers has increased the Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) relaxation process while reducing the dielectric loss of direct current conductance in silicone rubber composites. Moreover, the temperature dependence of the MWS relaxation time in the composites follows the Arrhenius equation. This strategy of increasing the permittivity of silicone composites through core-shell structural fillers can inspire the preparation of other high dielectric constant composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huang
- Key
Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yan Yu
- Key
Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lina Dai
- Key
Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Feng Fei
- Key
Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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Wu W, Wang ZL, Zhang L. A New Molecular Mechanism for Understanding the Actuated Strain of Dielectric Elastomers and Their Impacts. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200315. [PMID: 35705516 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric elastomers (DEs) are a special material that deform responding to an electric field. The induced strain is known as actuated strain (AS). This phenomenon is totally different from electrostriction, for there is no crystal lattice in elastomers and the AS of DEs is much greater. The most accepted mechanism holds the view that the AS of DEs is induced by the Maxwell stress. According to this mechanism, materials exhibiting similar ratios of permittivity and Young's modulus should have similar ASs, while the experimental AS isn't relevant to the ideal value, contradicting this mechanism. The direction of uniaxial pre-strained DE's AS cannot be explained by this mechanism either. The electric field and DE are only regarded as a source of stress and a deformable body respectively in this mechanism, which ignores the interaction between those two. Recently, a new molecular mechanism for AS is proposed, in which the electric field first orient dipoles of chains, therefore the conformation of chains will be changed, finally leading to AS. With thermodynamical derivation and experiment, entropy-dominated elasticity is found to account for more during AS. This mechanism is systematically introduced in this perspective and presents current challenges and outlooks of DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.,Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100140, China.,School of Material Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.,Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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Kang Z, Yu L, Nie Y, Skov AL. Crosslinking Methodology for Imidazole-Grafted Silicone Elastomers Allowing for Dielectric Elastomers Operated at Low Electrical Fields with High Strains. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:51384-51393. [PMID: 36342693 PMCID: PMC9673063 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
For improved actuation at low voltages of dielectric elastomers, a high dielectric permittivity has been targeted for several years but most successful methods then either increase the stiffness of the elastomer and/or introduce notable losses of both mechanical and dielectric nature. For polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based elastomers, most high-permittivity moieties inhibit the sensitive platinum catalyst used in the addition curing scheme. In contrast to the classical addition curing pathway to prepare PDMS elastomers, here, an alternative strategy is reported to prepare PDMS elastomers via the crosslinking reaction between multifunctional imidazole-grafted PDMS with difunctional bis(1-ethylene-imidazole-3-ium) bromide ionic liquid (bis-IL). The prepared IL-elastomer entails uniformly dispersed IL and presents stable mechanical and dielectric properties due to the covalent nature of the crosslinking as opposed to previously reported physical mixing in of ILs. The relative permittivity was improved up to 200% by including the bis-IL in the elastomer, and Young's modulus was around 0.04 MPa. As a result of the excellent combination of properties, the dielectric actuator developed exhibits an area strain of 20% at 15 V/μm. The novel strategy to prepare PDMS elastomers provides a new paradigm for achieving high-performance dielectric elastomer actuators by a simple methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Kang
- Danish
Polymer Center, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby2800, Denmark
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory
of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase
Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Liyun Yu
- Danish
Polymer Center, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby2800, Denmark
| | - Yi Nie
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory
of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase
Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Anne Ladegaard Skov
- Danish
Polymer Center, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby2800, Denmark
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Enhanced Actuation Performance of Polymeric Composites by Simultaneously Incorporating Covalent-Bond-Functionalized Dielectric Nanoparticles and Polar Plasticizer. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194218. [PMID: 36236166 PMCID: PMC9572819 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs), similar to artificial muscles, are widely applied in the fields of robotics and biomedical devices. In this work, 3-mercaptopropyl ethyoxyl di(tridecyl-pentaethoxy) silane (Si747)-modified BaTiO3 (BTO) nanoparticles (denoted as Si747@BTO) were utilized as dielectric filler to improve the dielectric constant while epoxy soybean oil (ESO) was employed as a plasticizer to decrease the elastic modulus, with the aim of improving the actuation performance of epoxy natural rubber (ENR) composites. The participation of Si747 in the vulcanization reaction of ENR led to the formation of covalent bonds between BTO and ENR chains, resulting in a uniform dispersion of BTO nanoparticles in the ENR matrix. Among obtained composites, the 50 phr ESO/Si747@BTO/ENR exhibited a relatively high actuated strain of 8.89% at 22 kV/mm, which is a value about 5.1-fold higher than that of pure ENR (1.45%) under the same electric field.
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Enhancing Cell Migration on Polyetherimide-Grafted Fe3O4@SiO2-Labeled Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Arrests in Intervertebral Disc Regeneration. J CLUST SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-022-02238-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Liu L, Zhang K, Liu J, Zhu L, Xie R, Lv S. Significant improvements in the electromechanical performance of dielectric elastomers by introducing ternary dipolar groups. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Liquid Metal Patterned Stretchable and Soft Capacitive Sensor with Enhanced Dielectric Property Enabled by Graphite Nanofiber Fillers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040710. [PMID: 35215624 PMCID: PMC8879769 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we introduce liquid metal patterned stretchable and soft capacitive sensor with enhanced dielectric properties enabled by graphite nanofiber (GNF) fillers dispersed in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. We oxidized gallium-based liquid metal that exhibited excellent wetting behavior on the surface of the composites to enable patterning of the electrodes by a facile stencil printing. The fluidic behavior of the liquid metal electrode and modulated dielectric properties of the composite (k = 6.41 ± 0.092@6 wt % at 1 kHz) was utilized to fabricate stretchable and soft capacitive sensor with ability to distinguish various hand motions.
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Enabling large actuated strain at low electric field by grafting cyanoester dipoles onto a poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene) elastomer using thiol-ene click chemistry. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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9
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Effect of Diatomaceous Biosilica and Talc on the Properties of Dielectric Elastomer Based Composites. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13215828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, scientists are still looking for new polymeric materials characterized by improved mechanical, thermal as well as dielectric properties. Moreover, it should be stressed that new composites should be environmentally friendly. For this reason, the aim of this work is to establish the influence of natural fillers in the form of diatomaceous biosilica (B) and talc (T) on the properties of dielectric elastomer (DE)-based composites. The dielectric elastomer-based materials have been tested taking into account their morphology, thermal and mechanical properties. Moreover, the dielectric constant of the obtained materials was evaluated. Obtained results revealed that the presence of both diatomaceous biosilica and talc significantly increases dielectric properties while having no significant effect on the mechanical properties of the obtained composites. It should be stressed that the performed analyses constitute a valuable source of knowledge on the effective modification of the thermal and dielectric properties of newly obtained materials.
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