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Díaz-Chirón L, Negral L, Megido L, Suárez-Peña B, Domínguez-Rodríguez A, Rodríguez S, Abreu-Gonzalez P, Pascual I, Moris C, Avanzas P. Relationship Between Exposure to Sulphur Dioxide Air Pollution, White Cell Inflammatory Biomarkers and Enzymatic Infarct Size in Patients With ST-segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes. Eur Cardiol 2021; 16:e50. [PMID: 34950246 PMCID: PMC8674636 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2021.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: To analyse the relationship among air pollutants, markers of inflammation and infarct size in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: This was a prospective analysis of consecutive patients admitted to hospital because of ACS. Cardiac biomarkers were drawn. The daily mean values of the air pollutants from the day before until 7 days before admission were analysed. The study population was stratified according to infarct size, based on median peak troponin value. Results: Patients were divided into two groups of 108 subjects each, according to median peak troponin value. Patients with extensive MIs had a higher neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio and leukocyte and neutrophil counts than patients with smaller MIs. In addition, they were exposed to higher concentrations of sulphur dioxide (9.7 ± 4.1 versus 8.4 ± 3.1 μg/m3; p=0.009) and lower concentrations of ozone (33.8 ± 13.7 versus 38.6 ± 14.5 μg/m3; p=0.014). Multivariate analysis showed that sulphur dioxide levels (OR 1.12; 95% CI [1.031–1.21]; p=0.007) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (OR 1.08; 95% CI [1.011–1.17]; p=0.024) were independent predictors of infarct size. Conclusion: Patients with extensive MIs had higher white cell inflammatory levels and had been exposed to higher sulphur dioxide concentrations in the ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Negral
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena Cartagena, Spain.,Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic School of Engineering, Gijón Campus, University of Oviedo Gijón, Spain
| | - Laura Megido
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic School of Engineering, Gijón Campus, University of Oviedo Gijón, Spain
| | - Beatriz Suárez-Peña
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Polytechnic School of Engineering, Gijón Campus, University of Oviedo Gijón, Spain
| | - Alberto Domínguez-Rodríguez
- Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Servicio de Cardiología Tenerife, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de La Laguna Tenerife, Spain.,Universidad Europea de Canarias, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud La Orotava, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Sergio Rodríguez
- Estación Experimental De Zonas Áridas, EEZA CSIC Almería, Spain.,Instituto de Productos Naturales de y Agrobiologia, IPNA CSIC Tenerife, Spain
| | - Pedro Abreu-Gonzalez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Isaac Pascual
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Department of Cardiology Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA) Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| | - César Moris
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Department of Cardiology Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA) Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Avanzas
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Department of Cardiology Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA) Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
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Robichaud A. An overview of selected emerging outdoor airborne pollutants and air quality issues: The need to reduce uncertainty about environmental and human impacts. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2020; 70:341-378. [PMID: 31994992 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2020.1723738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
According to the literature, it is estimated that outdoor air pollution is responsible for the premature death in a range from 3.7 to 8.9 million persons on an annual basis across the world. Although there is uncertainty on this figure, outdoor air pollution represents one of the greatest global risks to human health. In North America, the rapid evolution of technologies (e.g., nanotechnology, unconventional oil and gas rapid development, higher demand for fertilizers in agriculture) and growing demand for ground, marine and air transportation may result in significant increases of emissions of pollutants that have not been carefully studied so far. As a result, these atmospheric pollutants insufficiently addressed by science in Canada and elsewhere are becoming a growing issue with likely human and environmental impacts in the near future. Here, an emerging pollutant is defined as one that meets the following criteria: 1) potential or demonstrated risk for humans or the environment, 2) absence of Canada-wide national standard, 3) insufficient routine monitoring, 4) yearly emissions greater than one ton in Canada, 5) insufficient data concerning significant sources, fate, and detection limit, and 6) insufficiently addressed by epidemiological studies. A new methodology to rank emerging pollutants is proposed here based on weighting multiple criteria. Some selected emerging issues are also discussed here and include the growing concern of ultrafine or nanoparticles, growing ammonia emissions (due to rapid expansion of the agriculture), increased methane/ethane/propane emissions (due to the expanding hydraulic fracturing in the oil and gas sector) and the growing transportation sector. Finally, the interaction between biological and anthropogenic pollution has been found to be a double threat for public health. Here, a multidisciplinary and critical overview of selected emerging pollutants and related critical issues is presented with a focus in Canada.Implications: This overview paper provides a selection methodology for emerging pollutants in the atmospheric environment. It also provides a critical discussion of some related issues. The ultimate objective is to inform about the need to 1) address emerging issues through adequate surface monitoring and modeling in order to inform the development of regulations, 2) reduce uncertainties by geographically mapping emerging pollutants (e.g., through data fusion, data assimilation of observations into air quality models) which can improve the scientific support of epidemiological studies and policies. This review also highlights some of the difficulties with the management of these emerging pollutants, and the need for an integrated approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Robichaud
- Air Quality Modelling and Integration Section, Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Dorval, Quebec
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