Antúnez Montes OY. Anatomical Correlation of the Helical Structure of the Ventricular Myocardium Through Echocardiography.
ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019;
73:153-160. [PMID:
31000468 DOI:
10.1016/j.rec.2018.10.016]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES
The helical structure of the ventricular myocardium provides a simple view of cardiac anatomy, based on physiological evidence that has been broadly demonstrated in experimental and imaging studies, and helps to explain the electromechanical contraction of the myocardium during the cardiac cycle. The aim of this study was to standardize and provide a detailed description of the technique for preparing and manually dissecting the myocardium proposed empirically by Torrent-Guasp. A further aim was to anatomically and topographically correlate the helical band with echocardiographic long-axis, short-axis, and 4-chamber projections.
METHODS
We dissected 42 hearts-20 bovine, 20 porcine and 2 human hearts-to standardize the myocardial dissection technique. Subsequently, the distinct segments were color coded to correlate the anatomical specimens with echocardiographic projections.
RESULTS
Loss of 38% of the myocardial mass after boiling was sufficient to standardize myocardial dissection and allowed an efficient technique. No morphological differences were found between the bands of the hearts studied. The 4 myocardial segments could be identified in the echocardiographic projections.
CONCLUSIONS
Standardization of the technique is useful to dissect any type of heart. Echocardiography is useful to assess the distinct segments that compose the myocardium. More research is needed to generate practical applications of this knowledge to echocardiography and other fields.
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