Registro Español de Hemodinámica y Cardiología Intervencionista. XXVI Informe Oficial de la Sección de Hemodinámica y Cardiología Intervencionista de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología (1990-2016)

Spanish cardiac catheterization and coronary intervention registry. 32nd official report of the Interventional Cardiology Association of the Spanish Society of Cardiology (1990-2022)

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES

This article presents the annual activity report of the Interventional Cardiology Association of the Spanish Society of Cardiology (ACI-SEC) for the year 2022.

METHODS

All Spanish centers with catheterization laboratories were invited to participate. Data were collected online and were analyzed by an external company in collaboration with the members of the board of the ACI-SEC.

RESULTS

A total of 111 centers participated. The number of diagnostic studies increased by 4.8% compared with 2021, while that of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) remained stable. PCIs on the left main coronary artery increased by 22%. The radial approach continued to be preferred for PCI (94.9%). There was an upsurge in the use of drug-eluting balloons, as well as in intracoronary imaging techniques, which were used in 14.7% of PCIs. The use of pressure wires also increased (6.3% vs 2021) as did plaque modification techniques. Primary PCI continued to grow and was the most frequent treatment (97%) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Most noncoronary procedures maintained their upward trend, particularly percutaneous aortic valve implantation, atrial appendage closure, mitral/tricuspid edge-to-edge therapy, renal denervation, and percutaneous treatment of pulmonary arterial disease.

CONCLUSIONS

The Spanish cardiac catheterization and coronary intervention registry for 2022 reveals a rise in the complexity of coronary disease, along with a notable growth in procedures for valvular and nonvalvular structural heart disease.

Spanish cardiac catheterization and coronary intervention registry. 31st official report of the Interventional Cardiology Association of the Spanish Society of Cardiology (1990-2021)

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES

The Interventional Cardiology Association of the Spanish Society of Cardiology (ACI-SEC) presents its annual activity report for 2021.

METHODS

All Spanish centers with catheterization laboratories were invited to participate. Data were collected online and were analyzed by an external company, together with the members of the ACI-SEC.

RESULTS

A total of 121 centers participated (83 public and 38 private). Compared to 2020, both diagnostic coronary angiograms and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) increased by 11,4% and 10,3%, respectively. The radial approach was the most used access (92,8%). Primary PCI also increased by 6.2% whereas rescue PCI (1,8%) and facilitated PCI (2,4%) were less frequently conducted. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation was one of the interventions with the most relevant increase. A total of 5720 transcatheter aortic valve implantation procedures were conducted with an increase of 34,9% compared to 2020 (120 per million in 2021 and 89,4 per million in 2020). Other structural interventions like transcatheter mitral or tricuspid repair, left atrial appendage occlusion and patent foramen oval closure also experienced a significant increase.

CONCLUSIONS

The 2021 registry demonstrates a clear recovery of the activity both in coronary and structural interventions showing a relevant increase compared to 2020, the year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Spanish Cardiac Catheterization and Coronary Intervention Registry. 30th Official Report of the Interventional Cardiology Association of the Spanish Society of Cardiology (1990-2020) in the year of the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction and objectives

The Interventional Cardiology Association of the Spanish Society of Cardiology (ACI-SEC) presents its annual activity report for 2020, the year of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods

All Spanish centers with catheterization laboratories were invited to participate. Data were collected online and were analyzed by an external company, together with the members of the ACI-SEC.

Results

A total of 123 centers participated (4 more than 2019), of which 83 were public and 40 were private. Diagnostic coronary angiograms decreased by 9.4%, percutaneous coronary interventions by 10.1%, primary percutaneous coronary interventions by 4.1%, transcatheter aortic valve replacements by 0.9%, and left atrial appendage closure by 8.3%. The only procedures that increased with respect to previous years were edge-to-edge mitral valve repair (13.8%) and patent foramen ovale closure (19.4%). The use of pressure wire (5.5%), intravascular imaging devices and plaque preparation devices decreased (with the exception of lithotripsy, which increased by 62%).

Conclusions

In the year of the COVID-19 pandemic, the registry showed a marked drop in activity in all procedures except for percutaneous mitral valve repair and patent foramen ovale closure. This decrease was less marked than previously described, suggesting a rebound in interventional activity after the first wave.

High Incidence of Cataracts in the Follow-Up of Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Chronic Coronary Total Occlusion

Development of cataracts is a well-known adverse effect of ionizing radiation, but little information is available on their incidence in patients after other medical procedures, such as cardiac catheterizations. The study objective was to determine the incidence of cataracts in a cohort of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic coronary total occlusion (CTO) and its association with radiation dose. The study analyzed the incidence of cataracts during the follow-up of 126 patients who underwent chronic total coronary PCI, using Cox regression to identify predictive factors of cataract development. The study included 126 patients, 86.9% male, with a mean age of 60.5 years (range, 55.0-68.0 years). Twenty-three (18.2% n = 23) developed cataracts during a mean follow-up of 49.5 months (range 37.3-64.5 months). A higher incidence was observed in patients who received more than 5 Gy (29.0% vs. 14.7%, Hazard ratio (HR = 2.84 [1.19-6.77]). Multivariate analysis revealed a relationship between cataract development during the follow-up and a receipt of radiation dose >5 Gy (HR = 2.60, 95% confidence interval [CI 1.03-6.61]; p = 0.03), presence or history of predisposing eye disease (HR = 4.42, CI:1.57-12.40), diabetes (HR = 3.33 [1.22-9.24]), and older age, as in >57 (HR, 6.40 [1.81-22.61]). An elevated incidence of cataracts was observed in patients after PCI for CTO. The onset of cataracts is related to the radiation dose during catheterization, which is a potentially avoidable effect of which operators should be aware.

Radial artery access is associated with lower mortality in patients undergoing primary PCI: a report from the SWEDEHEART registry

OBJECTIVES

The purpose of this observational study was to evaluate the effects of radial artery access versus femoral artery access on the risk of 30-day mortality, inhospital bleeding and cardiogenic shock in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

METHODS

We used data from the SWEDEHEART registry and included all patients who were treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention in Sweden between 2005 and 2016. We compared patients who had percutaneous coronary intervention by radial access versus femoral access with regard to the primary endpoint of all-cause death within 30 days, using a multilevel propensity score adjusted logistic regression which included hospital as a random effect.

RESULTS

During the study period, 44,804 patients underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention of whom 24,299 (54.2%) had radial access and 20,505 (45.8%) femoral access. There were 2487 (5.5%) deaths within 30 days, of which 920 (3.8%) occurred in the radial access and 1567 (7.6%) in the femoral access group. After propensity score adjustment, radial access was associated with a lower risk of death (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55-0.88, P = 0.025). We found no interaction between access site and age, gender and cardiogenic shock regarding 30-day mortality. Radial access was also associated with a lower adjusted risk of bleeding (adjusted OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.25-0.79, P = 0.006) and cardiogenic shock (adjusted OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.24-0.73, P = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS

In patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction, primary percutaneous coronary intervention by radial access rather than femoral access was associated with an adjusted lower risk of death, bleeding and cardiogenic shock. Our findings are consistent with, and add external validity to, recent randomised trials.

[Spanish Cardiac Catheterization and Coronary Intervention Registry. 29th Official Report of the Interventional Cardiology Association of the Spanish Society of Cardiology (1990-2019)]

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES

The Interventional Cardiology Association of the Spanish Society of Cardiology (ACI-SEC) presents its annual report on the activity for 2019.

METHODS

All Spanish centers with a catheterization laboratory were invited to participate. Data were introduced online and analyzed by an external company together with the Steering Committee of the ACI-SEC.

RESULTS

A total of 119 centers participated (83 public, 36 private). In all, there were 165 124 diagnostic studies (4.7% more than in 2018). The use of pressure wire and intravascular ultrasound increased by 20% and that of optical coherence tomography by 8.4%. The number of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) rose by 4.5% (75 819 procedures). Of these, 22 529 were performed in the acute myocardial infarction setting, with 91.8% being primary PCI (6.3% increase). The mean number of primary PCIs per million inhabitants increased to 439. Among PCIs, access was radial in 88.3%. There were 4281 transcatheter aortic valve implantations (21.0% increase), with an average of 90.9 per million inhabitants. Mitral valve repair also rose by 17.4% (n = 385), left atrial appendage closure by 43.0% (n = 921) and patent foramen ovale closure by 38.1% (n = 710).

CONCLUSIONS

In 2019, the use of intracoronary diagnostic techniques increased, as did that of diagnostic and therapeutic coronary procedures, mainly in primary PCI. Of particular note was the marked increase in the number of transcatheter aortic valve implantations, as well as in the number of mitral valve repairs and left atrial appendage and patent foramen ovale closure procedures.

Spanish Cardiac Catheterization and Coronary Intervention Registry. 29th Official Report of the Interventional Cardiology Association of the Spanish Society of Cardiology (1990-2019)

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES

The Interventional Cardiology Association of the Spanish Society of Cardiology (ACI-SEC) presents its annual report on the activity for 2019.

METHODS

All Spanish centers with a catheterization laboratory were invited to participate. Data were introduced online and analyzed by an external company together with the Steering Committee of the ACI-SEC.

RESULTS

A total of 119 centers participated (83 public, 36 private). In all, there were 165124 diagnostic studies (4.7% more than in 2018). The use of pressure wire and intravascular ultrasound increased by 20% and that of optical coherence tomography by 8.4%. The number of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) rose by 4.5% (75 819 procedures). Of these, 22529 were performed in the acute myocardial infarction setting, with 91.8% being primary PCI (6.3% increase). The mean number of primary PCIs per million inhabitants increased to 439. Among PCIs, access was radial in 88.3%. There were 4281 transcatheter aortic valve implantations (21.0% increase), with an average of 90.9 per million inhabitants. Mitral valve repair also rose by 17.4% (n=385), left atrial appendage closure by 43.0% (n=921) and patent foramen ovale closure by 38.1% (n=710).

CONCLUSIONS

In 2019, the use of intracoronary diagnostic techniques increased, as did that of diagnostic and therapeutic coronary procedures, mainly in primary PCI. Of particular note was the marked increase in the number of transcatheter aortic valve implantations, as well as in the number of mitral valve repairs and left atrial appendage and patent foramen ovale closure procedures.

Worldwide and European interest in the MitraClip: a Google Trends-based analysis

AIMS

The use of MitraClip (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, California, USA) for the treatment of severe functional mitral valve regurgitation (FMR) has drastically increased over recent years. We analysed the Worldwide and European interest on the MitraClip among Internet users performing a Google Trends-based analysis.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective analysis extracting the data from the cited Google Trends (https://trends.google.com) to explore both the worldwide and European interest in the MitraClip over recent years. Specifically, Google Trends was queried from 1 January 2008 to 31 September 2019 using the item 'MitraClip'.

RESULTS

Over the study period, the worldwide interest in the MitraClip steadily increased by 47.7% per month (Ptrend < 0.001). The analysis performed among the 11 European countries in which the search volume allowed a trend to be created over the study period confirming an increasing significant interest. Specifically, the higher rate of interest increase per month was registered in France followed by Poland, Spain and Italy (40.5, 35.9, 37.3 and 31.8%, respectively).

CONCLUSION

A growing interest in the MitraClip exists both in Europe and worldwide.

Spanish Cardiac Catheterization and Coronary Intervention Registry. 28th Official Report of the Spanish Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiac Catheterization and Interventional Cardiology (1990-2018)

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES

The Working Group on Cardiac Catheterization and Interventional Cardiology presents its annual report on the activity data for 2018.

METHODS

Data were voluntarily provided by participating centers. The information was introduced online and was analyzed by the Steering Committee of the Working Group on Cardiac Catheterization and Interventional Cardiology.

RESULTS

In 2018, data were reported by 109 hospitals, 83 of these centers are public. A total of 157 632 diagnostic procedures (140 670 coronary angiograms) were performed. This year, the number of percutaneous coronary interventions increased to 72 520 (2.2% increase). There was also an increase in the complexity of coronary interventions: 10.6% in chronic total occlusions and 4.2% in unprotected left main treatment. A total of 21 261 interventional procedures were performed in the acute myocardial infarction setting, of which 91% were primary angioplasties (9.6% higher than in 2017). A total of 108398 stents were implanted, of which 93.8% were drug-eluting stents (3.5% increase). Radial approach was used in 89.4% of interventional procedures. The number of transcatheter aortic valve implantations continued to increase (25.3% increase, n=3537), as well as the number of percutaneous mitral valve repair procedures (21.4% increase, n=328), left atrial appendage closures (10.6% increase, n=644) and patent foramen ovale closures (81% increase, n=514).

CONCLUSIONS

An increase in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures was reported in 2018, particularly in primary percutaneous coronary interventions. The use of the radial approach and complex procedures also increased. The number of structural procedures rose significantly, following the trend seen in recent years.

3-Year Clinical Follow-Up of the RIBS IV Clinical Trial: A Prospective Randomized Study of Drug-Eluting Balloons Versus Everolimus-Eluting Stents in Patients With In-Stent Restenosis in Coronary Arteries Previously Treated With Drug-Eluting Stents

OBJECTIVES

This study sought to compare the long-term safety and efficacy of drug-eluting balloons (DEB) and everolimus-eluting stents (EES) in patients with in-stent restenosis (ISR) of drug-eluting stents (DES).

BACKGROUND

Treatment of patients with DES-ISR remains a challenge.

METHODS

The RIBS IV (Restenosis Intra-Stent of Drug-Eluting Stents: Drug-Eluting Balloons vs Everolimus-Eluting Stents) trial is a prospective multicenter randomized clinical trial comparing DEB and EES in patients with DES-ISR. The pre-specified comparison of the 3-year clinical outcomes obtained with these interventions is the main objective of the present study.

RESULTS

A total of 309 patients with DES-ISR were randomized to DEB (n = 154) or EES (n = 155). At angiographic follow-up, the in-segment minimal lumen diameter was larger in the EES arm (2.03 ± 0.7 mm vs. 1.80 ± 0.6 mm; p < 0.01). Three-year clinical follow-up was obtained in all enrolled patients (100%). The combined clinical outcome measure of cardiac death, myocardial infarction and target lesion revascularization was significantly reduced in the EES arm (19 [12.3%] vs. 31 [20.1%]; p = 0.04; hazard ratio: 0.57 [95% confidence interval: 0.34 to 0.96]), driven by a lower need for target lesion revascularization (11 [7.1%] vs. 24 [15.6%]; p = 0.015; hazard ratio: 0.43 [95% confidence interval: 0.21 to 0.87]). The need for "late" (>1 year) target lesion revascularization (2.6% vs. 4%) and target vessel revascularization (4% vs. 6.6%) was similar in the 2 arms. Rates of cardiac death (3.9% vs. 3.2%), myocardial infarction (2.6% vs. 4.5%), and stent thrombosis (1.3% vs. 2.6%) at 3 years were also similar in both arms.

CONCLUSIONS

The 3-year clinical follow-up of this randomized clinical trial demonstrates that in patients with DES-ISR, EES reduce the need for repeat interventions compared with DEB. (Restenosis Intra-Stent of Drug-Eluting Stents: Drug-Eluting Balloons vs Everolimus-Eluting Stents [RIBS IV]; NCT01239940).

Spanish Cardiac Catheterization and Coronary Intervention Registry. 27th Official Report of the Spanish Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiac Catheterization and Interventional Cardiology (1990-2017)

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES

To present the annual report of the Working Group on Cardiac Catheterization and Interventional Cardiology on the activity data for 2017.

METHODS

Data were voluntarily provided by Spanish centers with a catheterization laboratory. The information was introduced online and was analyzed by the Steering Committee of the Working Group on Cardiac Catheterization and Interventional Cardiology.

RESULTS

In 2017, data were reported by 107 hospitals, of which 82 are public. A total of 154 218 diagnostic procedures (138 448 coronary angiograms) were performed (2.2% increase vs 2016). The use of intracoronary diagnostic techniques significantly increased, especially that of pressure wire (23.2% vs 2016, n=7003). In 2017, the number of percutaneous coronary interventions rose to 70 928 (3.2% increase), of which 21 395 interventional procedures were performed in the acute myocardial infarction setting. A total of 105 529 stents were implanted, of which 90.3% were drug-eluting stents (6% increase). Radial access was used in 85.7% of diagnostic procedures and in 88.4% of interventional procedures. The number of transcatheter aortic valve implantations continued to increase (28.2% increase, n=2821), as did the number of left atrial appendage closures (14.8% increase, n=582) and percutaneous mitral valve repair procedures (14.1% increase, n=270).

CONCLUSIONS

Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in acute myocardial infarction increased in 2017. The use of the radial approach and drug-eluting stents also increased in therapeutic procedures. The number of structural procedures rose significantly compared with previous years.